Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781118516461
Author: Neil D. Jespersen, Alison Hyslop
Publisher: WILEY
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 3, Problem 36PE
In producing a certain drug, one synthetic route involves three steps with percentage yields of
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Assume 81% of yield for each step of a 6-step synthesis. Calculate the overall yield
Aspirin can be made in the laboratory by reacting
acetic anhydride (C4H6O3) with salicylic acid
(C7H6O3) to form aspirin (C9 H8O4) and acetic
acid (C₂H4O₂). The balanced equation is
C4H6O3 + C7H6O3 → C9H8O4 + C₂H4O2
In a laboratory synthesis, a student begins with 5.96
mL of acetic anhydride (density = 1.08 g/ml)
and 2.23 g of salicylic acid. Once the reaction is
complete, the student collects 1.76 g of aspirin.
Determine the limiting reactant for the reaction.
O acetic anhydride
Osalicylic acid
Submit
Part B
Correct
m =
Determine the theoretical yield of aspirin for the reaction.
Express your answer in grams to three significant figures.
VE ΑΣΦΑ
Submit
Previous Answers
Part C
Submit
Request Answer
Determine the percent yield of aspirin for the reaction.
Express the percentage to three significant figures.
15. ΑΣΦ
Request Answer
?
?
%
g
7. A natural gas sample was analyzed to contain 84% (by volume) CH4, 10% C2H6, 3%
C3H8, and 3% N₂. If a series of catalytic reactions could be used for converting all the
carbon atoms into butadiene, C4H6, with 100% efficiency, how much butadiene could be
prepared from 100 g of the natural gas? Note: Volume percent of a gas mixture is
nn mala normant
the
O 1530 g
82 g
O 28 g
3150 g
Chapter 3 Solutions
Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter
Ch. 3 - Practice Exercise 3.1
How many moles of aluminum...Ch. 3 - In a reaction to synthesize nitrogen triiodide....Ch. 3 - Your laboratory balance can weigh samples to three...Ch. 3 - How many atoms of gold are there in one ounce of...Ch. 3 - What is the average mass of one molecule of table...Ch. 3 - Most chemistry laboratories have balances that can...Ch. 3 - Practice Exercise 3.7
Aluminum sulfate is...Ch. 3 - How many moles of nitrogen atoms are combined with...Ch. 3 - Sodium bicarbonate is used to soften water. How...Ch. 3 - How many grams of iron arc needed to combine with...
Ch. 3 - Bromine trifluoride explodes upon contact with...Ch. 3 - When 0.5462 g of a compound was decomposed. 0.2012...Ch. 3 - An organic compound weighing 0.6672 g is...Ch. 3 - Calculate the theoretical percentage composition...Ch. 3 - Practice Exercise 3.15
Calculate the theoretical...Ch. 3 - A 1.525 g sample of a compound between nitrogen...Ch. 3 - Practice Exercise 3.17
Sulfur forms two different...Ch. 3 - Practice Exercise 3.18
A compound of nitrogen and...Ch. 3 - When aluminum it produced by electrolysis we get...Ch. 3 - A white solid used to whiten paper has the...Ch. 3 - Cinnamon gets some of its flavor from...Ch. 3 - Prob. 22PECh. 3 - Prob. 23PECh. 3 - The empirical formula of hydrazine is NH2 and its...Ch. 3 - After determining that the empirical formulas of...Ch. 3 - Practice Exercise 3.26
When aqueous solutions of...Ch. 3 - Practice Exercise 3.27
Write the balanced chemical...Ch. 3 - In the reaction 2SO2(g)+O2(g)2SO3(g), how many...Ch. 3 - Practice Exercise 3.29
How many moles of sulfuric...Ch. 3 - Practice Exercise 3.30
Using the information in...Ch. 3 - How many grams of carbon dioxide are produced by...Ch. 3 - Practice Exercise 3.32
The reaction between the...Ch. 3 - Practice Exercise 3.33
In an industrial process...Ch. 3 - Practice Exercise 3.34
In the synthesis of aspirin...Ch. 3 - Practice Exercise 3.35
Ethanol, , can be converted...Ch. 3 - In producing a certain drug, one synthetic route...Ch. 3 - What is the definition of the mole?Ch. 3 - 3.2 Why are moles used, when all stoichiometry...Ch. 3 - Which contains more molecules:...Ch. 3 - How would Avogadros number change if the atomic...Ch. 3 - 3.5 What information is required to convert grams...Ch. 3 - Using atomic mass units, how would you estimate...Ch. 3 - How many moles of iron atoms are in one mole of...Ch. 3 - Write all the mole-to-mole conversion factors that...Ch. 3 - What information is required to convert grams of a...Ch. 3 - Why is the expression 1.0 mol of oxygen ambiguous?...Ch. 3 - 3.11 The atomic mass of aluminum is 26.98. What...Ch. 3 - 3.12 If you are given the mass of two elements and...Ch. 3 - How can percentage composition be used to identify...Ch. 3 - In general, what fundamental information, obtained...Ch. 3 - 3.15 Why can percentage composition be used to...Ch. 3 - Why are empirical formulas always used for ionic...Ch. 3 - 3.17 Under what circumstances can we change, or...Ch. 3 - How many distinct empirical formulas are shown by...Ch. 3 - 3.19 When balancing a chemical reaction, what...Ch. 3 - When given the unbalanced equation...Ch. 3 - Give a step-by-step procedure for estimating the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 22RQCh. 3 - 3.23 What information is required to determine how...Ch. 3 - A mixture of 0.020 mol of Mg and 0.020 mol of Cl2...Ch. 3 - In a report to a supervisor, a chemist described...Ch. 3 - On April 16, 1947, in Texas City, Texas, two cargo...Ch. 3 - What is a limiting reactant? And why does the...Ch. 3 - Molecules containing A and B react to form AB as...Ch. 3 - 3.29 Explain why the actual yield is always less...Ch. 3 - Prob. 30RQCh. 3 - 3.31 Determine the mass in grams of each of die...Ch. 3 - Determine the mass in grams of the following: (a)...Ch. 3 - 3.33 Calculate the formula mass of each of the...Ch. 3 - Calculate the formula mass of each of the...Ch. 3 - Calculate the mass in grams of the following. (a)...Ch. 3 - What is the mass in grams of the following? (a)...Ch. 3 - Calculate the number of moles of each compound in...Ch. 3 - Calculate the number of moles of each compound in...Ch. 3 - How many moles of nickel are in 17.7 g of Ni?Ch. 3 - How many moles of chromium are in 85.7 g of Cr?Ch. 3 - How many moles of tantalum atoms correspond to...Ch. 3 - How many moles of iodine molecules correspond to...Ch. 3 - 3.43 A nanotechnology experiment requires atoms...Ch. 3 - What is the mass, in grams, of 41017 atoms of gold...Ch. 3 - 3.45 How many atoms are in 6.00 g of carbon-12?
Ch. 3 - How many atoms are in 1.50 mol of carbon-12? How...Ch. 3 - Sucrose (table sugar) has the formula C12H22O11....Ch. 3 - Nail polish remover is usually the volatile liquid...Ch. 3 - 3.79 How many moles of Bi atoms are needed to...Ch. 3 - 3.50 How many moles of vanadium atoms, V, are...Ch. 3 - How many moles of Cr are in 2.16 mol of Cr2O3?Ch. 3 - How many moles of O atoms are in 4.25 mol of...Ch. 3 - Aluminum sulfate, Al2(SO4)3, is a compound used in...Ch. 3 - Magnetite is a magnetic iron ore. Its formula is...Ch. 3 - 3.55 How many moles of H2andN2 can be formed by...Ch. 3 - 3.56 How many moles of S are needed to combine...Ch. 3 - 3.57 How many moles of UF6 would have to be...Ch. 3 - 3.58 How many moles of Fe3O4 are required to...Ch. 3 - 3.59 How many atoms of carbon are combined with...Ch. 3 - 3.60 How many atoms of hydrogen are found in 2.31...Ch. 3 - 3.61 What is the total number of C, H, and O atoms...Ch. 3 - 3.62 What is the total number of N, H, and O atoms...Ch. 3 - 3.63 Calcium carbide, CaC2, was once used to make...Ch. 3 - 3.64 Iodized salt contains a trace amount of...Ch. 3 - How many moles of nitrogen, N, are in 0.650 mol of...Ch. 3 - 3.66 How many moles of nitrogen, N, are in 0.556...Ch. 3 - 3.67 How many kilograms of a fertilizer made of...Ch. 3 - 3.68 How many kilograms of a fertilizer made of...Ch. 3 - 3.69 Calculate the percentage composition by mass...Ch. 3 - Calculate the percentage composition by mass for...Ch. 3 - Which has a higher percentage of oxygen: morphine...Ch. 3 - Which has a higher percentage of nitrogen:...Ch. 3 - Freon is a trade name for a group of gaseous...Ch. 3 - Which has a higher percentage of fluorine:...Ch. 3 - It was found that 2.35 g of a compound of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 76RQCh. 3 - Phencyclidine (angel dust) is C17H25N. A sample...Ch. 3 - The hallucinogenic drug LSD has the molecular...Ch. 3 - How many grams of O are combined with 7.141021...Ch. 3 - How many grams of C are combined with 4.251023...Ch. 3 - Write empirical formulas for the following...Ch. 3 - What are the empirical formulas of the following...Ch. 3 - 3.83 Radioactive sodium pertechnetate is used as a...Ch. 3 - A sample of Freon was found to contain 0.423 g of...Ch. 3 - 3.85 Cinnamic acid, a compound related to the...Ch. 3 - 3.86 Vanillin, a compound used as a flavoring...Ch. 3 - A dry-cleaning fluid composed of only carbon and...Ch. 3 - One compound of mercury with a molar mass of 519...Ch. 3 - When 0.684 g of an organic compound containing...Ch. 3 - Prob. 90RQCh. 3 - 3.91 When 6.853 mg of a sex hormone was burned in...Ch. 3 - When a sample of a compound in the vitamin D...Ch. 3 - The following are empirical formulas and the...Ch. 3 - The following are empirical formulas and the...Ch. 3 - The compound described in Problem 3.91 was found...Ch. 3 - 3.96 The compound described in Problem 3.92 was...Ch. 3 - A sample of a compound of mercury and bromine with...Ch. 3 - A 0.6662 g sample of antimonal saffron, which is a...Ch. 3 - A sample of a compound of C, H, N, and O, was...Ch. 3 - 3.100 Strychnine, a deadly poison, has a formula...Ch. 3 - Prob. 101RQCh. 3 - Balance the following equations....Ch. 3 - Write the following as balanced chemical...Ch. 3 - 3.104 Write the following as balanced chemical...Ch. 3 - Prob. 105RQCh. 3 - Prob. 106RQCh. 3 - 3.107 The balanced chemical equation for the...Ch. 3 - 3.108 Draw a molecular-level diagram for the...Ch. 3 - 3.109 Write the equation that expresses in...Ch. 3 - The conversion of one air pollutant, nitrogen...Ch. 3 - A balanced chemical equation contains the term...Ch. 3 - 3.112 A balanced chemical equation contains the...Ch. 3 - 3.113 Chlorine is used by textile manufacturers to...Ch. 3 - The octane in gasoline burns according to the...Ch. 3 - Propane burns according to the following equation:...Ch. 3 - The following reaction is used to extract gold...Ch. 3 - The incandescent white of a fireworks display is...Ch. 3 - The combustion of butane, C4Hl0, produces carbon...Ch. 3 - In dilute nitric acid, HNO3, copper metal...Ch. 3 - 3.120 The reaction of hydrazine, , with hydrogen...Ch. 3 - Oxygen gas can be produced in the laboratory by...Ch. 3 - Oxygen gas can be produced in the laboratory by...Ch. 3 - Using the balanced equation...Ch. 3 - 3.124 Using the balanced chemical equation in...Ch. 3 - The thermite reaction between powdered aluminum...Ch. 3 - 3.126 Ethanol is synthesized for industrial use...Ch. 3 - 3.127 Silver nitrate, , reacts with iron(III)...Ch. 3 - Chlorine dioxide, ClO2, has been used as a...Ch. 3 - Some of the acid in acid rain is produced by the...Ch. 3 - Phosphorus pentachloride reacts with water to give...Ch. 3 - Barium sulfate, BaSO4, is made by the following...Ch. 3 - Prob. 132RQCh. 3 - Aluminum sulfate can be made by the following...Ch. 3 - 3.134 The combustion of methyl alcohol in an...Ch. 3 - Manganese(III) fluoride, MnF3, can be prepared by...Ch. 3 - Prob. 136RQCh. 3 - Mercury is an environmental pollutant because it...Ch. 3 - Prob. 138RQCh. 3 - Prob. 139RQCh. 3 - *3.140 A compound of Ca, C, N, and S was subjected...Ch. 3 - 3.141 Ammonium nitrate will detonate if ignited in...Ch. 3 - A lawn fertilizer is rated as 6.00% nitrogen,...Ch. 3 - Nitrogen is the active ingredient in many...Ch. 3 - Based solely on the amount of available carbon,...Ch. 3 - According to NASA, the space shuttles external...Ch. 3 - For a research project, a student decided to test...Ch. 3 - 3.147 Chlorine atoms cause chain reactions in the...Ch. 3 - Lime, CaO, can be produced in two steps as shown...Ch. 3 - A newspaper story describing the local celebration...Ch. 3 - Suppose you had one mole of pennies and you were...Ch. 3 - Using the above two questions as examples, devise...Ch. 3 - 3.152 List the different: ways in which a chemist...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
A dual-fluid heat exchanger has l0Ibm/s water entering at l00F,20psia and leaving at 50F,20psia . The other flu...
Fundamentals Of Thermodynamics
61. What is the pH of a solution in which 224 mL of HCl(g), measured at 27.2 °C and 1.02 atm, is dissolved in 1...
Chemistry: A Molecular Approach (4th Edition)
1.1 Write a one-sentence definition for each of the following:
a. chemistry
b. chemical
Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (13th Edition)
Choose the best answer to each of the following. Explain your reasoning. What happens to a low-mass star after ...
Cosmic Perspective Fundamentals
Why are the top predators in food chains most severely affected by pesticides such as DDT?
Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
5. When the phenotype of heterozygotes is intermediate between the phenotypes of the two homozygotes, this patt...
Biology: Life on Earth (11th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- 4.61 What is actually measured by the octane ratings of different grades of gasoline?arrow_forwardReaction 5: In the final crystallization step, the aluminum sulfate from the previous step reacts with potassium sulfate and water still present in the solution from other reactions to produce the final alum product (KA(SO4)2-12H2O). Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction and compute the theoretical yield of the final alum product. Theoretical Yield Actual Yield % Yieldarrow_forwardsynthesisarrow_forward
- The reaction of ethanol with oxygen to yield carbon dioxide and water. (This is the reaction in a flambéed dessert or when an alcoholic beverage is ignited.) C2H6O + O2 → CO2 + H2Oarrow_forwardWhat is the maximum yield of dibenzalacetone that could be obtained (in grams) if 8.1 g of acetone was used as the starting material (assuming that acetone is the limiting reagent)? Molecular weight of acetone is 58.08 and density is 0.79 at room temperature; MW of dibenzalacetone is 234.30. Write your answer correct to two decimal places.arrow_forwardAmounts of reactants used and products obtained Molar Mass Volume used Mass used or Moles used or Density (g/mL) (g/mol) (mL) produced (g) produced (mol) 100.158 0.96 Cyclohexanol 1.50 82.143 0.105 Cyclohexene Product theoretical yield (g) Product percent yield (%)arrow_forward
- fe2o3 + 3co→2fe + 3co2 The reaction of 167g fe2o3 with 85.8g co produces 72.3g fe. determine the limiting reactant, theoretical yield, and percent yieldarrow_forwardChoose the reaction that represents the combustion of C 6H 12O 2. C6H12O2(l) + 8 O2(g) → 6 CO2(g) + 6 H2O(g) Mg(s) + C6H12O2(l) → MgC6H12O2(aq) 6 C(s) + 6 H2(g) + O2(g) → C6H12O2(l) C6H12O2(l) → 6 C(s) + 6 H2(g) + O2(g) None of these represents the combustion of C6H12O2.arrow_forwardhex-3-ene 3-hexanol 13.8 g of 3-hexanol were obtained from 19.9 g of hex-3-ene. Determine the percentage yield of 3-hexanol. a Determine the moles of hex-3-ene, C6H12, used in the Reactant mass 19.9 g experiment. (To avoid introducing rounding errors on intermediate Product mass 13.8 g calculations, enter your answer to four significant figures.) Molar mass C 12.0 g/mol Moles of hex-3-ene used = mol Molar mass H 1.00 g/mol Show/Hide Help Molar mass O 16.0 g/molarrow_forward
- Constants Periodic Table Hydrates are solid compounds that contain water molecules. When hydrates are heated, the water molecules evaporate, producing the anhydrous form of the compound. The formula of a hydrate may be written in two different ways. For example, aluminum chloride hexahydrate can be written as (Al(H2O)6]Cl3 or as AlCls 6H2O. The first formula more accurately shows the bonding arrangement, whereas the second formula makes it easier to see that the anhydrous form of the compound is aluminum chloride. Part B IF 12.0 g of MgSO4 - 7H2O is thoroughly heated, what mass of anhydrous magnesium sulfate will remain? Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units. > View Available Hint(s) IA ? Value Units Submit Previous Answers X Incorrect; Try Again; 28 attempts remaining 3:18arrow_forwardThe Haber-Bosch process is a very important industrial process. In the Haber-Bosch process, hydrogen gas reacts with nitrogen gas to produce ammonia according to the equation 3H₂(g) + N₂ (g)→2NH3(g) The ammonia produced in the Haber-Bosch process has a wide range of uses, from fertilizer to pharmaceuticals. However, the production of ammonia is difficult, resulting in lower yields than those predicted from the chemical equation. 1.04 g H₂ is allowed to react with 10.4 g N₂, producing 2.68 g NH3. Part A What is the theoretical yield in grams for this reaction under the given conditions? Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units. ► View Available Hint(s) μÅ Value Units ?arrow_forwardAspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is a synthetic organic derived from salicylic acid. The reaction that is used for the synthesis is shown here. HO. HO, HO. HO, Salicylic acid Acetic anhydride Aspirin Acetic acid Answer the following questions based on the reaction above. Salicylic acid = C;H6O3, acetic anhydride = C4H603, aspirin = C9H3O4, acetic acid = HC2H3O2 %3D %3D %3D 7. Fill in all 3 stoichiometric conversions that properly calculate how many grams of aspirin willI be made from 12.5 g C,H6O3. Molar masses: C,H6O3 - 138.12 g/mol, C4H6O3 - 102.09 g/mol, aspirin – 180.15 g/mol C7H6O3 + C4H6O3 → C9H8O4 + HC2H3O2 12.5 g C7H603 x- 16.3 g aspirin Limiting Reagent Problem Using the same chemical equation for the synthesis of aspirin, determine how much aspirin is made from 6.20 g of C;H6O3 and 4.05 g of C4H6O3. Fill in each conversion train to figure out how much aspirin would be produced from each of those starting quantities of reactants. g C,H,03 × g aspirin g C4H603 x g aspirinarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage Learning
ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry for Engineering StudentsChemistryISBN:9781337398909Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom HolmePublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285853918
Author:H. Stephen Stoker
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry for Engineering Students
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337398909
Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337399074
Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry
ISBN:9781133949640
Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Matter and Change
Chemistry
ISBN:9780078746376
Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl Wistrom
Publisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co
Bonding (Ionic, Covalent & Metallic) - GCSE Chemistry; Author: Science Shorts;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p9MA6Od-zBA;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Stoichiometry - Chemistry for Massive Creatures: Crash Course Chemistry #6; Author: Crash Course;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UL1jmJaUkaQ;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY