Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781118516461
Author: Neil D. Jespersen, Alison Hyslop
Publisher: WILEY
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Textbook Question
Chapter 3, Problem 17RQ
Under what circumstances can we change, or assign, subscripts in a chemical formula?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Stoichiometry, in chemistry, the determination of the proportions in which elements or compounds react with one another. The rules followed in the
determination of stoichiometric relationships are based on the laws of conservation of mass and energy and the law of combining weights or volumes.
You can do limiting reactant questions if you only write yourself a little road map. Let's work through a complete problem for our final discussion
incorporating all the topics we have covered from nomenclature all the way until stoichiometry!
(a) Write a balanced chemical equation for magnesium metal reacts with copper(II) nitrate. Predict the products.
(b) In the reaction with 50.0 g of magnesium and 50.0 g of copper(II) nitrate how much of the precipitate will you produce. Is magnesium or copper(II)
nitrate the limiting reactant?
(c) Which is undergoing oxidation?
(d) Which is undergoing reduction?
Search entries or author
Reply
ture 13.pdf
<
Unread
Lecture 12 PDF (1).pdf
Stoichiometry…
Which of these is NOT true of chemical changes?
A) Chemical changes are state changes like a solid turning to aliquid or a liquid turning to a gas.
B) Chemical changes can produce heat.
C) A chemical change is a change in composition of a substance.
D) The rearrangement of chemical bonds is a characteristic of chemical changes.
E)Chemical changes result in new substances being formed.
Mole is the term used to express the quantities of substances involved in a chemical reaction. Mole is defined as the amount of a substance that contains Avogadro's number of particles
(atoms, ions, molecules, etc.). Avogadro's number is defined as the number of atoms present in 12 g of carbon-12 isotope, with a numerical value equal to 6.022 x 1023. The mole is a
unit similar to a dozen; one dozen
equivalent to 12 the same way that one mole is equivalent to 6.022 x 1023.
You could use this information to write equalities:
12 molecules of H2O = 1 dozen of H2O
6.022 x 1023 molecules of H2O = 1 mol of H2O
For example, if I had 18 molecules of water, I would have
18 molecules of water x
dozen of water
= 1.5 dozen of water
12 molecules of water
Molar mass is the mass in grams of 1 mol of substance numerically equal to molecular weight in amu (atomic mass unit). Mass is a measure of quantity, and when you use a balance to
weigh a sample, the scale is using a set of standards to determine…
Chapter 3 Solutions
Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter
Ch. 3 - Practice Exercise 3.1
How many moles of aluminum...Ch. 3 - In a reaction to synthesize nitrogen triiodide....Ch. 3 - Your laboratory balance can weigh samples to three...Ch. 3 - How many atoms of gold are there in one ounce of...Ch. 3 - What is the average mass of one molecule of table...Ch. 3 - Most chemistry laboratories have balances that can...Ch. 3 - Practice Exercise 3.7
Aluminum sulfate is...Ch. 3 - How many moles of nitrogen atoms are combined with...Ch. 3 - Sodium bicarbonate is used to soften water. How...Ch. 3 - How many grams of iron arc needed to combine with...
Ch. 3 - Bromine trifluoride explodes upon contact with...Ch. 3 - When 0.5462 g of a compound was decomposed. 0.2012...Ch. 3 - An organic compound weighing 0.6672 g is...Ch. 3 - Calculate the theoretical percentage composition...Ch. 3 - Practice Exercise 3.15
Calculate the theoretical...Ch. 3 - A 1.525 g sample of a compound between nitrogen...Ch. 3 - Practice Exercise 3.17
Sulfur forms two different...Ch. 3 - Practice Exercise 3.18
A compound of nitrogen and...Ch. 3 - When aluminum it produced by electrolysis we get...Ch. 3 - A white solid used to whiten paper has the...Ch. 3 - Cinnamon gets some of its flavor from...Ch. 3 - Prob. 22PECh. 3 - Prob. 23PECh. 3 - The empirical formula of hydrazine is NH2 and its...Ch. 3 - After determining that the empirical formulas of...Ch. 3 - Practice Exercise 3.26
When aqueous solutions of...Ch. 3 - Practice Exercise 3.27
Write the balanced chemical...Ch. 3 - In the reaction 2SO2(g)+O2(g)2SO3(g), how many...Ch. 3 - Practice Exercise 3.29
How many moles of sulfuric...Ch. 3 - Practice Exercise 3.30
Using the information in...Ch. 3 - How many grams of carbon dioxide are produced by...Ch. 3 - Practice Exercise 3.32
The reaction between the...Ch. 3 - Practice Exercise 3.33
In an industrial process...Ch. 3 - Practice Exercise 3.34
In the synthesis of aspirin...Ch. 3 - Practice Exercise 3.35
Ethanol, , can be converted...Ch. 3 - In producing a certain drug, one synthetic route...Ch. 3 - What is the definition of the mole?Ch. 3 - 3.2 Why are moles used, when all stoichiometry...Ch. 3 - Which contains more molecules:...Ch. 3 - How would Avogadros number change if the atomic...Ch. 3 - 3.5 What information is required to convert grams...Ch. 3 - Using atomic mass units, how would you estimate...Ch. 3 - How many moles of iron atoms are in one mole of...Ch. 3 - Write all the mole-to-mole conversion factors that...Ch. 3 - What information is required to convert grams of a...Ch. 3 - Why is the expression 1.0 mol of oxygen ambiguous?...Ch. 3 - 3.11 The atomic mass of aluminum is 26.98. What...Ch. 3 - 3.12 If you are given the mass of two elements and...Ch. 3 - How can percentage composition be used to identify...Ch. 3 - In general, what fundamental information, obtained...Ch. 3 - 3.15 Why can percentage composition be used to...Ch. 3 - Why are empirical formulas always used for ionic...Ch. 3 - 3.17 Under what circumstances can we change, or...Ch. 3 - How many distinct empirical formulas are shown by...Ch. 3 - 3.19 When balancing a chemical reaction, what...Ch. 3 - When given the unbalanced equation...Ch. 3 - Give a step-by-step procedure for estimating the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 22RQCh. 3 - 3.23 What information is required to determine how...Ch. 3 - A mixture of 0.020 mol of Mg and 0.020 mol of Cl2...Ch. 3 - In a report to a supervisor, a chemist described...Ch. 3 - On April 16, 1947, in Texas City, Texas, two cargo...Ch. 3 - What is a limiting reactant? And why does the...Ch. 3 - Molecules containing A and B react to form AB as...Ch. 3 - 3.29 Explain why the actual yield is always less...Ch. 3 - Prob. 30RQCh. 3 - 3.31 Determine the mass in grams of each of die...Ch. 3 - Determine the mass in grams of the following: (a)...Ch. 3 - 3.33 Calculate the formula mass of each of the...Ch. 3 - Calculate the formula mass of each of the...Ch. 3 - Calculate the mass in grams of the following. (a)...Ch. 3 - What is the mass in grams of the following? (a)...Ch. 3 - Calculate the number of moles of each compound in...Ch. 3 - Calculate the number of moles of each compound in...Ch. 3 - How many moles of nickel are in 17.7 g of Ni?Ch. 3 - How many moles of chromium are in 85.7 g of Cr?Ch. 3 - How many moles of tantalum atoms correspond to...Ch. 3 - How many moles of iodine molecules correspond to...Ch. 3 - 3.43 A nanotechnology experiment requires atoms...Ch. 3 - What is the mass, in grams, of 41017 atoms of gold...Ch. 3 - 3.45 How many atoms are in 6.00 g of carbon-12?
Ch. 3 - How many atoms are in 1.50 mol of carbon-12? How...Ch. 3 - Sucrose (table sugar) has the formula C12H22O11....Ch. 3 - Nail polish remover is usually the volatile liquid...Ch. 3 - 3.79 How many moles of Bi atoms are needed to...Ch. 3 - 3.50 How many moles of vanadium atoms, V, are...Ch. 3 - How many moles of Cr are in 2.16 mol of Cr2O3?Ch. 3 - How many moles of O atoms are in 4.25 mol of...Ch. 3 - Aluminum sulfate, Al2(SO4)3, is a compound used in...Ch. 3 - Magnetite is a magnetic iron ore. Its formula is...Ch. 3 - 3.55 How many moles of H2andN2 can be formed by...Ch. 3 - 3.56 How many moles of S are needed to combine...Ch. 3 - 3.57 How many moles of UF6 would have to be...Ch. 3 - 3.58 How many moles of Fe3O4 are required to...Ch. 3 - 3.59 How many atoms of carbon are combined with...Ch. 3 - 3.60 How many atoms of hydrogen are found in 2.31...Ch. 3 - 3.61 What is the total number of C, H, and O atoms...Ch. 3 - 3.62 What is the total number of N, H, and O atoms...Ch. 3 - 3.63 Calcium carbide, CaC2, was once used to make...Ch. 3 - 3.64 Iodized salt contains a trace amount of...Ch. 3 - How many moles of nitrogen, N, are in 0.650 mol of...Ch. 3 - 3.66 How many moles of nitrogen, N, are in 0.556...Ch. 3 - 3.67 How many kilograms of a fertilizer made of...Ch. 3 - 3.68 How many kilograms of a fertilizer made of...Ch. 3 - 3.69 Calculate the percentage composition by mass...Ch. 3 - Calculate the percentage composition by mass for...Ch. 3 - Which has a higher percentage of oxygen: morphine...Ch. 3 - Which has a higher percentage of nitrogen:...Ch. 3 - Freon is a trade name for a group of gaseous...Ch. 3 - Which has a higher percentage of fluorine:...Ch. 3 - It was found that 2.35 g of a compound of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 76RQCh. 3 - Phencyclidine (angel dust) is C17H25N. A sample...Ch. 3 - The hallucinogenic drug LSD has the molecular...Ch. 3 - How many grams of O are combined with 7.141021...Ch. 3 - How many grams of C are combined with 4.251023...Ch. 3 - Write empirical formulas for the following...Ch. 3 - What are the empirical formulas of the following...Ch. 3 - 3.83 Radioactive sodium pertechnetate is used as a...Ch. 3 - A sample of Freon was found to contain 0.423 g of...Ch. 3 - 3.85 Cinnamic acid, a compound related to the...Ch. 3 - 3.86 Vanillin, a compound used as a flavoring...Ch. 3 - A dry-cleaning fluid composed of only carbon and...Ch. 3 - One compound of mercury with a molar mass of 519...Ch. 3 - When 0.684 g of an organic compound containing...Ch. 3 - Prob. 90RQCh. 3 - 3.91 When 6.853 mg of a sex hormone was burned in...Ch. 3 - When a sample of a compound in the vitamin D...Ch. 3 - The following are empirical formulas and the...Ch. 3 - The following are empirical formulas and the...Ch. 3 - The compound described in Problem 3.91 was found...Ch. 3 - 3.96 The compound described in Problem 3.92 was...Ch. 3 - A sample of a compound of mercury and bromine with...Ch. 3 - A 0.6662 g sample of antimonal saffron, which is a...Ch. 3 - A sample of a compound of C, H, N, and O, was...Ch. 3 - 3.100 Strychnine, a deadly poison, has a formula...Ch. 3 - Prob. 101RQCh. 3 - Balance the following equations....Ch. 3 - Write the following as balanced chemical...Ch. 3 - 3.104 Write the following as balanced chemical...Ch. 3 - Prob. 105RQCh. 3 - Prob. 106RQCh. 3 - 3.107 The balanced chemical equation for the...Ch. 3 - 3.108 Draw a molecular-level diagram for the...Ch. 3 - 3.109 Write the equation that expresses in...Ch. 3 - The conversion of one air pollutant, nitrogen...Ch. 3 - A balanced chemical equation contains the term...Ch. 3 - 3.112 A balanced chemical equation contains the...Ch. 3 - 3.113 Chlorine is used by textile manufacturers to...Ch. 3 - The octane in gasoline burns according to the...Ch. 3 - Propane burns according to the following equation:...Ch. 3 - The following reaction is used to extract gold...Ch. 3 - The incandescent white of a fireworks display is...Ch. 3 - The combustion of butane, C4Hl0, produces carbon...Ch. 3 - In dilute nitric acid, HNO3, copper metal...Ch. 3 - 3.120 The reaction of hydrazine, , with hydrogen...Ch. 3 - Oxygen gas can be produced in the laboratory by...Ch. 3 - Oxygen gas can be produced in the laboratory by...Ch. 3 - Using the balanced equation...Ch. 3 - 3.124 Using the balanced chemical equation in...Ch. 3 - The thermite reaction between powdered aluminum...Ch. 3 - 3.126 Ethanol is synthesized for industrial use...Ch. 3 - 3.127 Silver nitrate, , reacts with iron(III)...Ch. 3 - Chlorine dioxide, ClO2, has been used as a...Ch. 3 - Some of the acid in acid rain is produced by the...Ch. 3 - Phosphorus pentachloride reacts with water to give...Ch. 3 - Barium sulfate, BaSO4, is made by the following...Ch. 3 - Prob. 132RQCh. 3 - Aluminum sulfate can be made by the following...Ch. 3 - 3.134 The combustion of methyl alcohol in an...Ch. 3 - Manganese(III) fluoride, MnF3, can be prepared by...Ch. 3 - Prob. 136RQCh. 3 - Mercury is an environmental pollutant because it...Ch. 3 - Prob. 138RQCh. 3 - Prob. 139RQCh. 3 - *3.140 A compound of Ca, C, N, and S was subjected...Ch. 3 - 3.141 Ammonium nitrate will detonate if ignited in...Ch. 3 - A lawn fertilizer is rated as 6.00% nitrogen,...Ch. 3 - Nitrogen is the active ingredient in many...Ch. 3 - Based solely on the amount of available carbon,...Ch. 3 - According to NASA, the space shuttles external...Ch. 3 - For a research project, a student decided to test...Ch. 3 - 3.147 Chlorine atoms cause chain reactions in the...Ch. 3 - Lime, CaO, can be produced in two steps as shown...Ch. 3 - A newspaper story describing the local celebration...Ch. 3 - Suppose you had one mole of pennies and you were...Ch. 3 - Using the above two questions as examples, devise...Ch. 3 - 3.152 List the different: ways in which a chemist...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
39. Consider the reaction:
Kp = 28.4 at 298 K
In a reaction mixture at equilibrium, the partial pressure...
Chemistry: Structure and Properties
Consider the following half-reactions and Eo values: SW Ag+(aq)+eAg(s)Eo=0.80V Cu2+(aq)+2eCu(s)Eo=0.30V Pb2+(aq...
CHEMISTRY-TEXT
The charge of the copper atoms in the copper solid in given copper cycle needs to be determined. Concept introd...
Living by Chemistry
Look up the physical properties of several of the compounds you will be making in your lab from several differe...
The Organic Chem Lab Survival Manual: A Student's Guide to Techniques
Use electronegativities to predict the direction of the dipole moments of the following bonds. a. CCl b. CO c. ...
Organic Chemistry (9th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Is there a difference between a homogeneous mixture of hydrogen and oxygen in a 2:1 mole ratio and a sample of water vapor? Explain.arrow_forwardhat do the coefficients of a balanced chemical equation tell us about the proportions in which atoms and molecules react on an individual (microscopic) basis?arrow_forwardDetermine a chemical formula from elemental analysis (i.e., from % composition).arrow_forward
- Can the subscripts in a chemical formula be fractions? Explain.arrow_forwardOne part of the problem-solving strategy for balancing chemical equations is “starting with the most complicated molecule.” What if you started with a different molecule? Could you still eventually balance the chemical equation? How would this approach be different from the suggested technique?arrow_forwardWhat does it mean to say an equation is balanced? Why is it important for an equation to be balanced?arrow_forward
- In what units are atomic, molecular, and formula mass expressed? Define those units.arrow_forwardTwo basic laws of chemistry are the law of conservation of mass and the law of constant composition. Which of these laws (if any) do the following statements illustrate? (a) Lavoisier found that when mercury(ll) oxide, HgO, decomposes, the total mass of mercury (Hg) and oxygen formed equals the mass of mercury(ll) oxide decomposed. (b) Analysis of the calcium carbonate found in the marble mined in Carrara, Italy, and in the stalactites of the Carlsbad Caverns in New Mexico gives the same value for the percentage of calcium in calcium carbonate. (c) Hydrogen occurs as a mixture of two isotopes, one of which is twice as heavy as the other.arrow_forward3.107 As computer processor speeds increase, it is necessary for engineers to increase the number of circuit elements packed into a given area. Individual circuit elements are often connected using very small copper “wires” deposited directly onto the surface of the chip. In some processors, these copper interconnects are about 22 nm wide. How many copper atoms would be in a 1-mm length of such an interconnect, assuming a square cross section? (The density of copper is 8.96 g/cm3.)arrow_forward
- Please write the chemical reaction exactly as described below. The products are one mole of liquid water, one mole of carbon dioxide gas, and two moles of aqueous potassium chloride. The reactants are one mole of solid potassium carbonate and two moles of aqueous hydrochloric acid. Use the editor to format your answerarrow_forwardQ1)Consider these compounds: A. MgCO3 B. Ni(OH)2 C. AgI D. MgF2 Complete the following statements by entering the letter(s) corresponding to the correct compound(s). (If more than one compound fits the description, include all the relevant compounds by writing your answer as a string of characters without punctuation, e.g, ABC.) Without doing any calculations it is possible to determine that iron(II) carbonate is more soluble than______ , and iron(II) carbonate is less soluble than______ . It is not possible to determine whether iron(II) carbonate is more or less soluble than______ by simply comparing Ksp values.arrow_forwardWhich of the following substances always has the same proportion (i.e. a fixed ratio) of its constituent elements? (1) Air (2) pure calcium carbonate (3) Brass (4) Saltwater (5) Woodarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Chemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub CoChemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage LearningWorld of Chemistry, 3rd editionChemistryISBN:9781133109655Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage Learning
- Living By Chemistry: First Edition TextbookChemistryISBN:9781559539418Author:Angelica StacyPublisher:MAC HIGHERIntroductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Matter and Change
Chemistry
ISBN:9780078746376
Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl Wistrom
Publisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co
Chemistry: Principles and Practice
Chemistry
ISBN:9780534420123
Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer
Publisher:Cengage Learning
World of Chemistry, 3rd edition
Chemistry
ISBN:9781133109655
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage Learning
Living By Chemistry: First Edition Textbook
Chemistry
ISBN:9781559539418
Author:Angelica Stacy
Publisher:MAC HIGHER
Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337399425
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Types of Matter: Elements, Compounds and Mixtures; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dggHWvFJ8Xs;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY