(a) Interpretation: All non-hydrogen atoms that are required to be in the same plane for Adenine are to be identified. Concept introduction: According to the VSEPR theory, if an atom is surrounded by three electron groups, either three bonds or two bonds and one lone pair, then the geometry of such an atom is trigonal planar, and thus, it must be sp 2 hybridized. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those atoms, and any atoms to which they are directly bonded, prefer to lie in the same plane. In order to maintain this planar geometry, the atoms that are directly bonded to these doubly bonded atoms must lie in the same plane.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 3.48P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

All non-hydrogen atoms that are required to be in the same plane for Adenine are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

According to the VSEPR theory, if an atom is surrounded by three electron groups, either three bonds or two bonds and one lone pair, then the geometry of such an atom is trigonal planar, and thus, it must be sp2 hybridized. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those atoms, and any atoms to which they are directly bonded, prefer to lie in the same plane. In order to maintain this planar geometry, the atoms that are directly bonded to these doubly bonded atoms must lie in the same plane.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

All non-hydrogen atoms that are required to be in the same plane for Cytosine are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

According to the VSEPR theory, if an atom is surrounded by three electron groups, either three bonds or two bonds and one lone pair, then the geometry of such an atom is trigonal planar, and thus, it must be sp2 hybridized. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those atoms, and any atoms to which they are directly bonded, prefer to lie in the same plane. In order to maintain this planar geometry, the atoms that are directly bonded to these doubly bonded atoms must lie in the same plane.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

All non-hydrogen atoms that are required to be in the same plane for Guanine are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

According to the VSEPR theory, if an atom is surrounded by three electron groups, either three bonds or two bonds and one lone pair, then the geometry of such an atom is trigonal planar, and thus, it must be sp2 hybridized. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those atoms, and any atoms to which they are directly bonded, prefer to lie in the same plane. In order to maintain this planar geometry, the atoms that are directly bonded to these doubly bonded atoms must lie in the same plane.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

All non-hydrogen atoms that are required to be in the same plane for Thymine are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

According to the VSEPR theory, if an atom is surrounded by three electron groups, either three bonds or two bonds and one lone pair, then the geometry of such an atom is trigonal planar, and thus, it must be sp2 hybridized. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those atoms, and any atoms to which they are directly bonded, prefer to lie in the same plane. In order to maintain this planar geometry, the atoms that are directly bonded to these doubly bonded atoms must lie in the same plane.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 3.48P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

All non-hydrogen atoms that are required to be in the same plane for Adenine are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

According to the VSEPR theory, if an atom is surrounded by three electron groups, either three bonds or two bonds and one lone pair, then the geometry of such an atom is trigonal planar, and thus, it must be sp2 hybridized. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those atoms, and any atoms to which they are directly bonded, prefer to lie in the same plane. In order to maintain this planar geometry, the atoms that are directly bonded to these doubly bonded atoms must lie in the same plane.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

All non-hydrogen atoms that are required to be in the same plane for Cytosine are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

According to the VSEPR theory, if an atom is surrounded by three electron groups, either three bonds or two bonds and one lone pair, then the geometry of such an atom is trigonal planar, and thus, it must be sp2 hybridized. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those atoms, and any atoms to which they are directly bonded, prefer to lie in the same plane. In order to maintain this planar geometry, the atoms that are directly bonded to these doubly bonded atoms must lie in the same plane.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

All non-hydrogen atoms that are required to be in the same plane for Guanine are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

According to the VSEPR theory, if an atom is surrounded by three electron groups, either three bonds or two bonds and one lone pair, then the geometry of such an atom is trigonal planar, and thus, it must be sp2 hybridized. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those atoms, and any atoms to which they are directly bonded, prefer to lie in the same plane. In order to maintain this planar geometry, the atoms that are directly bonded to these doubly bonded atoms must lie in the same plane.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

All non-hydrogen atoms that are required to be in the same plane for Thymine are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

According to the VSEPR theory, if an atom is surrounded by three electron groups, either three bonds or two bonds and one lone pair, then the geometry of such an atom is trigonal planar, and thus, it must be sp2 hybridized. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those atoms, and any atoms to which they are directly bonded, prefer to lie in the same plane. In order to maintain this planar geometry, the atoms that are directly bonded to these doubly bonded atoms must lie in the same plane.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 3.48P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

All non-hydrogen atoms that are required to be in the same plane for Adenine are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

According to the VSEPR theory, if an atom is surrounded by three electron groups, either three bonds or two bonds and one lone pair, then the geometry of such an atom is trigonal planar, and thus, it must be sp2 hybridized. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those atoms, and any atoms to which they are directly bonded, prefer to lie in the same plane. In order to maintain this planar geometry, the atoms that are directly bonded to these doubly bonded atoms must lie in the same plane.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

All non-hydrogen atoms that are required to be in the same plane for Cytosine are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

According to the VSEPR theory, if an atom is surrounded by three electron groups, either three bonds or two bonds and one lone pair, then the geometry of such an atom is trigonal planar, and thus, it must be sp2 hybridized. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those atoms, and any atoms to which they are directly bonded, prefer to lie in the same plane. In order to maintain this planar geometry, the atoms that are directly bonded to these doubly bonded atoms must lie in the same plane.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

All non-hydrogen atoms that are required to be in the same plane for Guanine are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

According to the VSEPR theory, if an atom is surrounded by three electron groups, either three bonds or two bonds and one lone pair, then the geometry of such an atom is trigonal planar, and thus, it must be sp2 hybridized. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those atoms, and any atoms to which they are directly bonded, prefer to lie in the same plane. In order to maintain this planar geometry, the atoms that are directly bonded to these doubly bonded atoms must lie in the same plane.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

All non-hydrogen atoms that are required to be in the same plane for Thymine are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

According to the VSEPR theory, if an atom is surrounded by three electron groups, either three bonds or two bonds and one lone pair, then the geometry of such an atom is trigonal planar, and thus, it must be sp2 hybridized. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those atoms, and any atoms to which they are directly bonded, prefer to lie in the same plane. In order to maintain this planar geometry, the atoms that are directly bonded to these doubly bonded atoms must lie in the same plane.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 3.48P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

All non-hydrogen atoms that are required to be in the same plane for Adenine are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

According to the VSEPR theory, if an atom is surrounded by three electron groups, either three bonds or two bonds and one lone pair, then the geometry of such an atom is trigonal planar, and thus, it must be sp2 hybridized. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those atoms, and any atoms to which they are directly bonded, prefer to lie in the same plane. In order to maintain this planar geometry, the atoms that are directly bonded to these doubly bonded atoms must lie in the same plane.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

All non-hydrogen atoms that are required to be in the same plane for Cytosine are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

According to the VSEPR theory, if an atom is surrounded by three electron groups, either three bonds or two bonds and one lone pair, then the geometry of such an atom is trigonal planar, and thus, it must be sp2 hybridized. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those atoms, and any atoms to which they are directly bonded, prefer to lie in the same plane. In order to maintain this planar geometry, the atoms that are directly bonded to these doubly bonded atoms must lie in the same plane.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

All non-hydrogen atoms that are required to be in the same plane for Guanine are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

According to the VSEPR theory, if an atom is surrounded by three electron groups, either three bonds or two bonds and one lone pair, then the geometry of such an atom is trigonal planar, and thus, it must be sp2 hybridized. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those atoms, and any atoms to which they are directly bonded, prefer to lie in the same plane. In order to maintain this planar geometry, the atoms that are directly bonded to these doubly bonded atoms must lie in the same plane.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

All non-hydrogen atoms that are required to be in the same plane for Thymine are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

According to the VSEPR theory, if an atom is surrounded by three electron groups, either three bonds or two bonds and one lone pair, then the geometry of such an atom is trigonal planar, and thus, it must be sp2 hybridized. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those atoms, and any atoms to which they are directly bonded, prefer to lie in the same plane. In order to maintain this planar geometry, the atoms that are directly bonded to these doubly bonded atoms must lie in the same plane.

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Answer 5

Chapter 3, Problem 3.48P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

All non-hydrogen atoms that are required to be in the same plane for Adenine are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

According to the VSEPR theory, if an atom is surrounded by three electron groups, either three bonds or two bonds and one lone pair, then the geometry of such an atom is trigonal planar, and thus, it must be sp2 hybridized. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those atoms, and any atoms to which they are directly bonded, prefer to lie in the same plane. In order to maintain this planar geometry, the atoms that are directly bonded to these doubly bonded atoms must lie in the same plane.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

All non-hydrogen atoms that are required to be in the same plane for Cytosine are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

According to the VSEPR theory, if an atom is surrounded by three electron groups, either three bonds or two bonds and one lone pair, then the geometry of such an atom is trigonal planar, and thus, it must be sp2 hybridized. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those atoms, and any atoms to which they are directly bonded, prefer to lie in the same plane. In order to maintain this planar geometry, the atoms that are directly bonded to these doubly bonded atoms must lie in the same plane.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

All non-hydrogen atoms that are required to be in the same plane for Guanine are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

According to the VSEPR theory, if an atom is surrounded by three electron groups, either three bonds or two bonds and one lone pair, then the geometry of such an atom is trigonal planar, and thus, it must be sp2 hybridized. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those atoms, and any atoms to which they are directly bonded, prefer to lie in the same plane. In order to maintain this planar geometry, the atoms that are directly bonded to these doubly bonded atoms must lie in the same plane.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

All non-hydrogen atoms that are required to be in the same plane for Thymine are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

According to the VSEPR theory, if an atom is surrounded by three electron groups, either three bonds or two bonds and one lone pair, then the geometry of such an atom is trigonal planar, and thus, it must be sp2 hybridized. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those atoms, and any atoms to which they are directly bonded, prefer to lie in the same plane. In order to maintain this planar geometry, the atoms that are directly bonded to these doubly bonded atoms must lie in the same plane.

Answer 6

Chapter 3, Problem 3.48P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

All non-hydrogen atoms that are required to be in the same plane for Adenine are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

According to the VSEPR theory, if an atom is surrounded by three electron groups, either three bonds or two bonds and one lone pair, then the geometry of such an atom is trigonal planar, and thus, it must be sp2 hybridized. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those atoms, and any atoms to which they are directly bonded, prefer to lie in the same plane. In order to maintain this planar geometry, the atoms that are directly bonded to these doubly bonded atoms must lie in the same plane.

Answer 7

Chapter 3, Problem 3.48P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

All non-hydrogen atoms that are required to be in the same plane for Adenine are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

According to the VSEPR theory, if an atom is surrounded by three electron groups, either three bonds or two bonds and one lone pair, then the geometry of such an atom is trigonal planar, and thus, it must be sp2 hybridized. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those atoms, and any atoms to which they are directly bonded, prefer to lie in the same plane. In order to maintain this planar geometry, the atoms that are directly bonded to these doubly bonded atoms must lie in the same plane.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

All non-hydrogen atoms that are required to be in the same plane for Cytosine are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

According to the VSEPR theory, if an atom is surrounded by three electron groups, either three bonds or two bonds and one lone pair, then the geometry of such an atom is trigonal planar, and thus, it must be sp2 hybridized. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those atoms, and any atoms to which they are directly bonded, prefer to lie in the same plane. In order to maintain this planar geometry, the atoms that are directly bonded to these doubly bonded atoms must lie in the same plane.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

All non-hydrogen atoms that are required to be in the same plane for Cytosine are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

According to the VSEPR theory, if an atom is surrounded by three electron groups, either three bonds or two bonds and one lone pair, then the geometry of such an atom is trigonal planar, and thus, it must be sp2 hybridized. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those atoms, and any atoms to which they are directly bonded, prefer to lie in the same plane. In order to maintain this planar geometry, the atoms that are directly bonded to these doubly bonded atoms must lie in the same plane.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

All non-hydrogen atoms that are required to be in the same plane for Guanine are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

According to the VSEPR theory, if an atom is surrounded by three electron groups, either three bonds or two bonds and one lone pair, then the geometry of such an atom is trigonal planar, and thus, it must be sp2 hybridized. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those atoms, and any atoms to which they are directly bonded, prefer to lie in the same plane. In order to maintain this planar geometry, the atoms that are directly bonded to these doubly bonded atoms must lie in the same plane.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

All non-hydrogen atoms that are required to be in the same plane for Guanine are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

According to the VSEPR theory, if an atom is surrounded by three electron groups, either three bonds or two bonds and one lone pair, then the geometry of such an atom is trigonal planar, and thus, it must be sp2 hybridized. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those atoms, and any atoms to which they are directly bonded, prefer to lie in the same plane. In order to maintain this planar geometry, the atoms that are directly bonded to these doubly bonded atoms must lie in the same plane.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

All non-hydrogen atoms that are required to be in the same plane for Thymine are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

According to the VSEPR theory, if an atom is surrounded by three electron groups, either three bonds or two bonds and one lone pair, then the geometry of such an atom is trigonal planar, and thus, it must be sp2 hybridized. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those atoms, and any atoms to which they are directly bonded, prefer to lie in the same plane. In order to maintain this planar geometry, the atoms that are directly bonded to these doubly bonded atoms must lie in the same plane.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

All non-hydrogen atoms that are required to be in the same plane for Thymine are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

According to the VSEPR theory, if an atom is surrounded by three electron groups, either three bonds or two bonds and one lone pair, then the geometry of such an atom is trigonal planar, and thus, it must be sp2 hybridized. When two atoms are connected by a double bond, those atoms, and any atoms to which they are directly bonded, prefer to lie in the same plane. In order to maintain this planar geometry, the atoms that are directly bonded to these doubly bonded atoms must lie in the same plane.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.1P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.2P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.3P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.4P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.5P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.6P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.7P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.8P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.9P Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.10P

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