Chapter 3, Problem 3.37E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The given element is to be classified as representative, transition, inner transition or noble gases.

Concept introduction:

The elements in a modern periodic table are arranged in an increasing order of their atomic number. In the modern periodic table, the horizontal rows are known as periods and vertical columns are known as groups. There are seven periods and eighteen groups in modern periodic table.

Answer to Problem 3.37E

The given element $\text{W}$ is classified as a transition element.

Explanation of Solution

The last electron to be filled in the valence shell of an atom is the distinguishing electron.

The elements in which the last electron is filled in $s$ or $p$ subshell are known as representative elements. The elements in which the last electron is filled in $d$ subshell are known as transition elements and in which the last electron is filled in $f$ subshell are known as inner transition elements. The elements in which subshells are completely filled are noble gases.

The given element $\text{W}$ has atomic number $74$. The electronic configuration of tungsten is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^{6}6s^{2}4f^{14}5d^4$. The last electron is filled in the d-subshell. Therefore, $\text{W}$ is classified as a transition element.

Conclusion

The given element $\text{W}$ is classified as a transition element.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given element is to be classified as representative, transition, inner transition or noble gases.

Concept introduction:

The elements in a modern periodic table are arranged in an increasing order of their atomic number. In the modern periodic table, the horizontal rows are known as periods and vertical columns are known as groups. There are seven periods and eighteen groups in modern periodic table.

Answer to Problem 3.37E

The given element $\text{Cm}$ is an inner-transition element.

Explanation of Solution

The last electron to be filled in the valence shell of an atom is the distinguishing electron.

The elements in which the last electron is filled in $s$ or $p$ subshell are known as representative elements. The elements in which the last electron is filled in $d$ subshell are known as transition elements and in which the last electron is filled in $f$ subshell are known as inner transition elements. The elements in which subshells are completely filled are noble gases.

The given element $\text{Cm}$ has atomic number $96$. The electronic configuration of curium is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^{6}6s^{2}4f^{14}5d^{10}6p^{6}7s^{2}5f^{7}6d^1$. The last electron is filled in the f-subshell. Therefore, $\text{Cm}$ is classified as an inner-transition element.

Conclusion

The given element $\text{Cm}$ is an inner-transition element.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The given element is to be classified as representative, transition, inner transition or noble gases.

Concept introduction:

The elements in a modern periodic table are arranged in an increasing order of their atomic number. In the modern periodic table, the horizontal rows are known as periods and vertical columns are known as groups. There are seven periods and eighteen groups in modern periodic table.

Answer to Problem 3.37E

The given element $10$ is classified as a noble gas.

Explanation of Solution

The last electron to be filled in the valence shell of an atom is the distinguishing electron.

The elements in which the last electron is filled in $s$ or $p$ subshell are known as representative elements. The elements in which the last electron is filled in $d$ subshell are known as transition elements and in which the last electron is filled in $f$ subshell are known as inner transition elements. The elements in which subshells are completely filled are noble gases.

The given element has atomic number $10$, it is neon. The electronic configuration of neon is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^6$. It has completely filled subshells and thus, neon is classified as a noble gas.

Conclusion

The given element $10$ is classified as a noble gas.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The given element is to be classified as representative, transition, inner transition or noble gases.

Concept introduction:

The elements in a modern periodic table are arranged in an increasing order of their atomic number. In the modern periodic table, the horizontal rows are known as periods and vertical columns are known as groups. There are seven periods and eighteen groups in a modern periodic table.

Answer to Problem 3.37E

The given element helium is classified as noble gas.

Explanation of Solution

The last electron to be filled in the valence shell of an atom is the distinguishing electron.

The elements in which the last electron is filled in $s$ or $p$ subshell are known as representative elements. The elements in which the last electron is filled in $d$ subshell are known as transition elements and in which the last electron is filled in $f$ subshell are known as inner transition elements. The elements in which subshells are completely filled are noble gases.

The given element helium has atomic number $2$. The electronic configuration of helium is $1s^2$. It has completely filled subshells and thus, helium is classified as a noble gas.

Conclusion

The given element helium is classified as noble gas.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The given element is to be classified as representative, transition, inner transition or noble gases.

Concept introduction:

The elements in a modern periodic table are arranged in an increasing order of their atomic number. In the modern periodic table, the horizontal rows are known as periods and vertical columns are known as groups. There are seven periods and eighteen groups in modern periodic table.

Answer to Problem 3.37E

The given element barium is a representative element.

Explanation of Solution

The last electron to be filled in the valence shell of an atom is the distinguishing electron.

The elements in which the last electron is filled in $s$ or $p$ subshell are known as representative elements. The elements in which the last electron is filled in $d$ subshell are known as transition elements and in which the last electron is filled in $f$ subshell are known as inner transition elements. The elements in which subshells are completely filled are noble gases.

The given element barium has atomic number $56$. The electronic configuration of barium is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}4d^{10}5s^{2}5p^{6}6s^2$. The last electron is filled in the s-subshell. Therefore, barium is a representative element.

Conclusion

The given element barium is a representative element.