Chapter 3, Problem 3.36E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The given element is to be classified as representative, transition, inner transition or noble gases.

Concept introduction:

The elements in a modern periodic table are arranged in an increasing order of their atomic number. In the modern periodic table, the horizontal rows are known as periods and vertical columns are known as groups. There are seven periods and eighteen groups in modern periodic table.

Answer to Problem 3.36E

The given element iron is classified as a transition element.

Explanation of Solution

The last electron to be filled in the valence shell of an atom is the distinguishing electron.

The elements in which the last electron is filled in $s$ or $p$ subshell are known as representative elements. The elements in which the last electron is filled in $d$ subshell are known as transition elements and in which the last electron is filled in $f$ subshell are known as inner transition elements. The elements in which subshells are completely filled are noble gases.

The given element iron has atomic number $26$. The electronic configuration of iron is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^6$. The last electron is filled in the d-subshell. Therefore, iron is a transition element.

Conclusion

The given element iron is classified as a transition element.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given element is to be classified as representative, transition, inner transition or noble gases.

Concept introduction:

The elements in a modern periodic table are arranged in an increasing order of their atomic number. In the modern periodic table, the horizontal rows are known as periods and vertical columns are known as groups. There are seven periods and eighteen groups in modern periodic table.

Answer to Problem 3.36E

The given element-$15$ is a representative element.

Explanation of Solution

The last electron to be filled in the valence shell of an atom is the distinguishing electron.

The elements in which the last electron is filled in $s$ or $p$ subshell are known as representative elements. The elements in which the last electron is filled in $d$ subshell are known as transition elements and in which the last electron is filled in $f$ subshell are known as inner transition elements. The elements in which subshells are completely filled are noble gases.

The given element has atomic number $15$, it is phosphorus. The electronic configuration of phosphorus is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^3$. The last electron is filled in the p-subshell. Therefore, element-$15$ is a representative element.

Conclusion

The given element-$15$ is a representative element.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The given element is to be classified as representative, transition, inner transition or noble gases.

Concept introduction:

The elements in a modern periodic table are arranged in an increasing order of their atomic number. In the modern periodic table, the horizontal rows are known as periods and vertical columns are known as groups. There are seven periods and eighteen groups in modern periodic table.

Answer to Problem 3.36E

The given element $\text{U}$ is an inner transition element.

Explanation of Solution

The last electron to be filled in the valence shell of an atom is the distinguishing electron.

The elements in which the last electron is filled in $s$ or $p$ subshell are known as representative elements. The elements in which the last electron is filled in $d$ subshell are known as transition elements and in which the last electron is filled in $f$ subshell are known as inner transition elements. The elements in which subshells are completely filled are noble gases.

The given element $\text{U}$ has atomic number $92$. The electronic configuration of uranium is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^{6}6s^{2}4f^{14}5d^{10}6p^{6}7s^{2}5f^{3}6d^1$. The last electron is filled in the f-subshell. Therefore, $\text{U}$ is classified as an inner transition element.

Conclusion

The given element $\text{U}$ is an inner transition element.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The given element is to be classified as representative, transition, inner transition or noble gases.

Concept introduction:

The elements in a modern periodic table are arranged in an increasing order of their atomic number. In the modern periodic table, the horizontal rows are known as periods and vertical columns are known as groups. There are seven periods and eighteen groups in modern periodic table.

Answer to Problem 3.36E

The given element xenon is classified as noble gas.

Explanation of Solution

The last electron to be filled in the valence shell of an atom is the distinguishing electron.

The elements in which the last electron is filled in $s$ or $p$ subshell are known as representative elements. The elements in which the last electron is filled in $d$ subshell are known as transition elements and in which the last electron is filled in $f$ subshell are known as inner transition elements. The elements in which subshells are completely filled are noble gases.

The given element xenon has atomic number $54$. The electronic configuration of xenon is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^6$. It has completely filled subshells and thus, xenon is classified as noble gas.

Conclusion

The given element xenon is classified as noble gas.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The given element is to be classified as representative, transition, inner transition or noble gases.

Concept introduction:

The elements in a modern periodic table are arranged in an increasing order of their atomic number. In the modern periodic table, the horizontal rows are known as periods and vertical columns are known as groups. There are seven periods and eighteen groups in modern periodic table.

Answer to Problem 3.36E

The given element tin is a representative element.

Explanation of Solution

The last electron to be filled in the valence shell of an atom is the distinguishing electron.

The elements in which the last electron is filled in $s$ or $p$ subshell are known as representative elements. The elements in which the last electron is filled in $d$ subshell are known as transition elements and in which the last electron is filled in $f$ subshell are known as inner transition elements. The elements in which subshells are completely filled are noble gases.

The given element tin has atomic number $50$. The electronic configuration of tin is $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^{10}5p^2$. The last electron is filled in the p-subshell. Therefore, tin is a representative element.

Conclusion

The given element tin is a representative element.