Chapter 3, Problem 3.28E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The symbol and name for the element contains only two $2p$ electrons is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The elements in a modern periodic table are arranged in increasing order of their atomic number. In the modern periodic table, the horizontal rows are known as periods and vertical columns are known as groups. There are $7$ periods and $18$ groups in modern periodic table.

Answer to Problem 3.28E

The name of the element that contains only two $2p$ electrons is carbon and its symbol is $\text{C}$ respectively.

Explanation of Solution

Electronic configuration tells about the arrangement of the electrons in each subshell and each orbit of an atom.

The electronic configuration for an element that contains only two $2p$ electrons would be $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^2$. Therefore, the atomic number of an element is $6$ that is carbon. The symbol used for carbon is $\text{C}$.

Conclusion

The name of the element that contains only two $2p$ electrons is carbon and its symbol is $\text{C}$ respectively.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The symbol and name for the element contains an unpaired $3s$ electron is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The elements in a modern periodic table are arranged in increasing order of their atomic number. In the modern periodic table, the horizontal rows are known as periods and vertical columns are known as groups. There are $7$ periods and $18$ groups in modern periodic table.

Answer to Problem 3.28E

The name of the element that contains an unpaired $3s$ electron is sodium and its symbol is $\text{Na}$ respectively.

Explanation of Solution

Electronic configuration tells about the arrangement of the electrons in each subshell and each orbit of an atom.

The electronic configuration for an element that contains an unpaired $3s$ electron would be $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^1$. Therefore, the atomic number of an element is $11$ that is sodium. The symbol used for sodium is $\text{Na}$.

Conclusion

The name of the element that contains an unpaired $3s$ electron is sodium and its symbol is $\text{Na}$ respectively.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The symbol and name for the element contains two unpaired $3p$ electrons is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The elements in a modern periodic table are arranged in increasing order of their atomic number. In the modern periodic table, the horizontal rows are known as periods and vertical columns are known as groups. There are $7$ periods and $18$ groups in modern periodic table.

Answer to Problem 3.28E

The name of the elements that contain two unpaired $3p$ electrons are sulfur and silicon and their symbols are $\text{S}$ and $\text{Si}$ respectively.

Explanation of Solution

Electronic configuration tells about the arrangement of the electrons in each subshell and each orbit of an atom.

The electronic configuration for an element that contains two unpaired $3p$ electrons would be $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^4$ and $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^2$.

The element having electronic configuration $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^4$ is sulfur. The symbol used for sulfur is $\text{S}$. The arrangement of electrons in silicon is shown below.

Figure 1

The element having electronic configuration $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^2$ is silicon. The symbol used for silicon is $\text{Si}$. The arrangement of electrons in silicon is shown below.

Figure 2

Hence, sulfur and silicon elements contain two unpaired $3p$ electrons and their symbols are $\text{S}$ and $\text{Si}$ respectively.

Conclusion

The name of the elements that contain two unpaired $3p$ electrons are sulfur and silicon and their symbols are $\text{S}$ and $\text{Si}$ respectively.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The symbol and name for the element contains three $4d$ electrons is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The elements in a modern periodic table are arranged in increasing order of their atomic number. In the modern periodic table, the horizontal rows are known as periods and vertical columns are known as groups. There are $7$ periods and $18$ groups in modern periodic table.

Answer to Problem 3.28E

The name of the element that contains three $4d$ electrons is niobium and its symbol is $\text{Nb}$ respectively.

Explanation of Solution

Electronic configuration tells about the arrangement of the electrons in each subshell and each orbit of an atom.

The electronic configuration for an element that three $4d$ electrons would be $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{10}4p^{6}5s^{2}4d^3$. The $4s$ and $5s$ orbitals are filled first because the energy of $4s$ and $5s$ orbital is lower than the $3d$ and $4d$. Therefore, the atomic number of an element is $41$ that is niobium. The symbol used forniobium is $\text{Nb}$.

Conclusion

The name of the element that contains three $4d$ electrons is niobium and its symbol is $\text{Nb}$ respectively.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The symbol and name for the element contains three unpaired $3d$ electrons is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The elements in a modern periodic table are arranged in increasing order of their atomic number. In the modern periodic table, the horizontal rows are known as periods and vertical columns are known as groups. There are $7$ periods and $18$ groups in modern periodic table.

Answer to Problem 3.28E

The name of the element that contains three unpaired $3d$ electrons is vanadium and cobalt and their symbols are $\text{V}$ and $\text{Co}$ respectively.

Explanation of Solution

Electronic configuration tells about the arrangement of the electrons in each subshell and each orbit of an atom.

The electronic configuration for an element that contains three unpaired $3d$ electrons would be $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^3$ and $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^7$.

The element having electronic configuration $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^3$ is vanadium. The symbol used for vanadium is $\text{V}$. The arrangement of electrons in vanadium is shown below.

Figure 3

The element having electronic configuration $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^7$ is cobalt. The symbol used for cobalt is $\text{Co}$. The arrangement of electrons in cobalt is shown below.

Figure 4

Hence, vanadium and cobalt elements contain three unpaired $3d$ electrons and their symbols are $\text{V}$ and $\text{Co}$ respectively.

Conclusion

The name of the element that contains three unpaired $3d$ electrons is vanadium and cobalt and their symbols are $\text{V}$ and $\text{Co}$ respectively.