Campbell Biology (10th Edition)
Campbell Biology (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321775658
Author: Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 3, Problem 3.1CR

DRAW IT Ø Label a hydrogen bond and a polar covalent bond in the diagram of live water molecules. Is a hydrogen bond a covalent bond? Explain.

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Summary Introduction

To label: The hydrogen bond and covalent bonds in water molecules.

Introduction:

Water is a polar molecule consisting of an oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms.

Explanation of Solution

Water (H2O) consists of an oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms. Hydrogen and oxygen share their valence electrons to form a strong bond that known as a covalent bond (Fig.1). As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, the shared electrons in the H-O bond tend to be pulled towards the oxygen atom. There are two regions of partial negative charge on oxygen and a partial positive charge on each hydrogen atom. Thus, the covalent bond between H-O in the water molecule is a polar bond.

Water is a polar molecule due to the difference in electronegativity between O and H atoms. The partial negatively charged oxygen atom of a water molecule is attracted to the partial positively charged hydrogen atom of an adjacent water molecule (Fig.1). This forms the hydrogen bond among different water molecules.

Pictorial representation:

Campbell Biology (10th Edition), Chapter 3, Problem 3.1CR

Fig. 1 Interactions among water molecules

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Summary Introduction

To explain: The hydrogen bonds are not covalent bonds.

Introduction: Covalent bonds are formed by the sharing of valence electrons between two atoms. Hydrogen bonds are formed due to the attraction between two adjacent atoms due to partial charges.

Explanation of Solution

Covalent bonds are strong bonds, formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms. Hydrogen bonds do not involve the sharing of valence electrons. They are formed on the basis of attraction due to partial charges on neighboring atoms, and are hence very weak bonds. Therefore, a hydrogen bond is not a covalent bond.

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