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DRAW IT Ø Label a hydrogen bond and a polar covalent bond in the diagram of live water molecules. Is a hydrogen bond a covalent bond? Explain.
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To label: The hydrogen bond and covalent bonds in water molecules.
Introduction:
Water is a polar molecule consisting of an oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms.
Explanation of Solution
Water (H2O) consists of an oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms. Hydrogen and oxygen share their valence electrons to form a strong bond that known as a covalent bond (Fig.1). As oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, the shared electrons in the H-O bond tend to be pulled towards the oxygen atom. There are two regions of partial negative charge on oxygen and a partial positive charge on each hydrogen atom. Thus, the covalent bond between H-O in the water molecule is a polar bond.
Water is a polar molecule due to the difference in electronegativity between O and H atoms. The partial negatively charged oxygen atom of a water molecule is attracted to the partial positively charged hydrogen atom of an adjacent water molecule (Fig.1). This forms the hydrogen bond among different water molecules.
Pictorial representation:
Fig. 1 Interactions among water molecules
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To explain: The hydrogen bonds are not covalent bonds.
Introduction: Covalent bonds are formed by the sharing of valence electrons between two atoms. Hydrogen bonds are formed due to the attraction between two adjacent atoms due to partial charges.
Explanation of Solution
Covalent bonds are strong bonds, formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms. Hydrogen bonds do not involve the sharing of valence electrons. They are formed on the basis of attraction due to partial charges on neighboring atoms, and are hence very weak bonds. Therefore, a hydrogen bond is not a covalent bond.
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