
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
A balanced chemical equation for a reaction between hydrogen sulphide and oxygen to form sulphur dioxide and water vapour is to be written.
Concept introduction:
A balanced chemical equation obeys the law of conservation of mass since the total mass of reactants and products are equal in a balanced chemical equation.
Following are the steps to write a balanced chemical equation.
Step 1: Translate the chemical statement into a skeleton equation. The reactants are the chemical substances that undergo a change, thus, write the reactants on the left side of the yield arrow. The products are the chemical substances that are produced during the chemical change, thus, write the products on the right side of the yield arrow. Put a blank before each formula while beginning the balancing process.
Step 2: Identify the most complex substance and choose an element such that the element must be present only in one reactant and one product. Place the stoichiometric coefficient before the element/elements such that the number of atoms of that element(s) is the same on both sides.
Step 3: Balance the remaining atoms by placing the
Step 4: In a balanced
Step 5: Check whether the chemical equation is balanced or not by counting the number of atoms of each element on both sides.
Step 6: Specify the
(a)

Answer to Problem 3.109P
A balanced chemical equation is as follows:
Explanation of Solution
The chemical formulas for hydrogen sulphide and oxygen are
The chemical equation corresponding to the given reaction between hydrogen sulphide and oxygen to form sulphur dioxide and water vapour is :
Observe there are 2 O atoms in
There are 4H atoms in
There are 2S atoms as in
Now O atoms on both sides of the equation are no longer equal. There is a total of 6 O atoms on the right ( 4 in
Check whether the equation is balanced or not as follows:
Reactants
A balanced chemical equation always follows the Law of conservation of mass.
(b)
Interpretation:
A balanced chemical equation for a reaction when potassium chlorate is heated forming potassium chloride and potassium perchlorate is to be written.
Concept introduction:
A balanced chemical equation obeys the law of conservation of mass since the total mass of reactants and products are equal in a balanced chemical equation.
Following are the steps to write a balanced chemical equation.
Step 1: Translate the chemical statement into a skeleton equation. The reactants are the chemical substances that undergo a change, thus, write the reactants on the left side of the yield arrow. The products are the chemical substances that are produced during the chemical change, thus, write the products on the right side of the yield arrow. Put a blank before each formula while beginning the balancing process.
Step 2: Identify the most complex substance and choose an element such that the element must be present only in one reactant and one product. Place the stoichiometric coefficient before the element/elements such that the number of atoms of that element(s) is the same on both sides.
Step 3: Balance the remaining atoms by placing the stoichiometric coefficients before the element/elements such that the number of atoms of that element(s) is the same on both sides. Identify the least complex substance and end with it.
Step 4: In a balanced chemical reaction, the smallest whole number coefficients are most preferred. Hence, adjust the coefficients in such a way that the smallest whole number coefficients are obtained for each element.
Step 5: Check whether the chemical equation is balanced or not by counting the number of atoms of each element on both sides.
Step 6: Specify the states of matter of each chemical substance present in the balanced chemical equation.
(b)

Answer to Problem 3.109P
The balanced chemical equation is as follows:
Explanation of Solution
The chemical formulas for potassium chlorate, potassium chloride, and potassium perchlorate are
The chemical equation corresponding to the given reaction when potassium chlorate is heated forming potassium chloride and potassium perchlorate is:
Observe that there are 3 O atoms in
Now observe that there are 12 O atoms on both sides of the equation now. Also, there are 4
A balanced chemical equation always follows the Law of conservation of mass.
(c)
Interpretation:
A balanced chemical equation for a reaction between hydrogen gas and
Concept introduction:
A balanced chemical equation obeys the law of conservation of mass since the total mass of reactants and products are equal in a balanced chemical equation.
Following are the steps to write a balanced chemical equation.
Step 1: Translate the chemical statement into a skeleton equation. The reactants are the chemical substances that undergo a change, thus, write the reactants on the left side of the yield arrow. The products are the chemical substances that are produced during the chemical change, thus, write the products on the right side of the yield arrow. Put a blank before each formula while beginning the balancing process.
Step 2: Identify the most complex substance and choose an element such that the element must be present only in one reactant and one product. Place the stoichiometric coefficient before the element/elements such that the number of atoms of that element(s) is the same on both sides.
Step 3: Balance the remaining atoms by placing the stoichiometric coefficients before the element/elements such that the number of atoms of that element(s) is the same on both sides. Identify the least complex substance and end with it.
Step 4: In a balanced chemical reaction, the smallest whole number coefficients are most preferred. Hence, adjust the coefficients in such a way that the smallest whole number coefficients are obtained for each element.
Step 5: Check whether the chemical equation is balanced or not by counting the number of atoms of each element on both sides.
Step 6: Specify the states of matter of each chemical substance present in the balanced chemical equation.
(c)

Answer to Problem 3.109P
The balanced chemical equation is as follows:
Explanation of Solution
The chemical formulas for hydrogen gas,
The chemical equation corresponding to the given reaction is:
Put a coefficient of 2 in front of iron metal on the left side of the equation as there are 2
Next, observe that there are 3 oxygen atoms on the left so place a coefficient of 3 in front of
Now there are 6 hydrogen atoms on the right so place a coefficient of 3 in front of
Now check whether there is an equal number of each of the three atoms on both sides:
Reactants
A balanced chemical equation always follows the Law of conservation of mass.
(d)
Interpretation:
The chemical equation for the combustion reaction of gaseous ethane to form carbon dioxide and water vapor is to be balanced.
Concept introduction:
A balanced chemical equation obeys the law of conservation of mass since the total
mass of reactants and products are equal in a balanced chemical equation.
Following are the steps to write a balanced chemical equation.
Step 1: Translate the chemical statement into a skeleton equation. The reactants are the chemical substances that undergo a change, thus, write the reactants on the left side of the yield arrow. The products are the chemical substances that are produced during the chemical change, thus, write the products on the right side of the yield arrow. Put a blank before each formula while beginning the balancing process.
Step 2: Identify the most complex substance and choose an element such that the element must be present only in one reactant and one product. Place the stoichiometric coefficient before the element/elements such that the number of atoms of that element(s) is the same on both sides.
Step 3: Balance the remaining atoms by placing the stoichiometric coefficients before the element/elements such that the number of atoms of that element(s) is the same on both sides. Identify the least complex substance and end with it.
Step 4: In a balanced chemical reaction, the smallest whole number coefficients are most preferred. Hence, adjust the coefficients in such a way that the smallest whole number coefficients are obtained for each element.
Step 5: Check whether the chemical equation is balanced or not by counting the number of atoms of each element on both sides.
Step 6: Specify the states of matter of each chemical substance present in the balanced chemical equation.
(d)

Answer to Problem 3.109P
The balanced chemical equation is as follows:
Explanation of Solution
The chemical formulas for ethane, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor would be
First write the reaction corresponding to the given combustion reaction as:
There are two carbon atoms on the left side so place 2 as the coefficient for
Next, observe that there are 6 hydrogen atoms so place 3 as a coefficient in front of
Now in the right side, there are a total of 7 oxygen atoms (4 in
Finally in order to have only whole numbers as coefficients multiply both sides of equation (1) by 2 and equation would be:
A balanced chemical equation always follows the Law of conservation of mass.
(e)
Interpretation:
The chemical equation for the reaction when
Concept introduction:
A balanced chemical equation obeys the law of conservation of mass since the total
mass of reactants and products are equal in a balanced chemical equation.
Following are the steps to write a balanced chemical equation.
Step 1: Translate the chemical statement into a skeleton equation. The reactants are the chemical substances that undergo a change, thus, write the reactants on the left side of the yield arrow. The products are the chemical substances that are produced during the chemical change, thus, write the products on the right side of the yield arrow. Put a blank before each formula while beginning the balancing process.
Step 2: Identify the most complex substance and choose an element such that the element must be present only in one reactant and one product. Place the stoichiometric coefficient before the element/elements such that the number of atoms of that element(s) is the same on both sides.
Step 3: Balance the remaining atoms by placing the stoichiometric coefficients before the element/elements such that the number of atoms of that element(s) is the same on both sides. Identify the least complex substance and end with it.
Step 4: In a balanced chemical reaction, the smallest whole number coefficients are most preferred. Hence, adjust the coefficients in such a way that the smallest whole number coefficients are obtained for each element.
Step 5: Check whether the chemical equation is balanced or not by counting the number of atoms of each element on both sides.
Step 6: Specify the states of matter of each chemical substance present in the balanced chemical equation.
(e)

Answer to Problem 3.109P
The balanced chemical equation is as follows:
Explanation of Solution
The chemical formulas for
First, write the reaction corresponding to the given reaction when
Observe that there are 3
Next, observe that there are a total of 6 fluorine atoms (1 in
Now on the left side, 2
Now in order to have 6 chlorine atoms on the right side change the coefficient of
Finally check that there are 2
A balanced chemical equation always follows the Law of conservation of mass.
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Chapter 3 Solutions
Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change
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