1 Atoms 2 Measurement, Problem Solving And The Mole Concept 3 The Quantum-Mechanical Model Of The Atom 4 Periodic Properties Of The Elements 5 Molecules And Compounds 6 Chemical Bonding I: Drawing Lewis Structures And Determining Molecular Shapes 7 Chemical Bonding II: Valence Bond Theory And Molecualr Orbital Theory 8 Chemical Reactions And Chemical Quantities 9 Introduction To Solutions And Aqueous Reactions 10 Thermochemistry 11 Gases 12 Liquids, Solids, And Intermolecular Forces 13 Phase Diagram And Crystalline Solids 14 Solutions 15 Chemical Kinetics 16 Chemical Equilibrium 17 Acids And Bases 18 Aqueous Ionic Equilibrium 19 Free Energy And Thermodynamics 20 Electrochemistry 21 Radioactivity And Nuclear Chemistry 22 Organic Chemistry 23 Transition Metals And Coordination Compounds A1 The Units Of Measurement A2 Significant Figure Guidliness expand_more
Chapter Questions expand_more
Problem 1SAQ: Which wavelength of light has the highest frequency? 10 nm 10 mm 1 mm 1 nm Problem 2SAQ: Which kind of electromagnetic radiation contains the greatest energy per photon? infrared gamma rays... Problem 3SAQ: How much energy (in J ) is contained in 1.00 mole of 552-nm photons? 2.17105J 3.601028J 5.981043J... Problem 4SAQ: Light from three different lasers (A, B, and C), each with a different wavelength, is shined onto... Problem 5SAQ: Calculate the wavelength of an electron traveling at 1.85107 m/s. 2.541013m 3.931014m 3.931011m... Problem 6SAQ: Which set of three quantum numbers does not specify an orbital in the hydrogen atom? n=2,l=0,m1=0... Problem 7SAQ: Calculate the wavelength of light emitted when an electron in the hydrogen atom makes a transition... Problem 8SAQ: Which electron transition produces light of the highest frequency in the hydrogen atom? 3p1s 2p1s... Problem 9SAQ: How much time (in seconds) does it take light to travel 1.00 billion km? 3.33103s 3.001020s 3.33s... Problem 10SAQ: Which figure represents a d orbital? None of the above Problem 1E: Why is the quantum-mechanical model of the atom important for understanding chemistry? Problem 2E: What is light? How fast does it travel in a vacuum? Problem 3E: Define the wavelength and amplitude of a wave. Problem 4E: Define the frequency of electromagnetic radiation. How is frequency related to wavelength? Problem 5E: What determines the color of light? Describe the difference between red light and blue light. Problem 6E: What determines the color of a colored object? Explain why grass appears green. Problem 7E: Give an approximate range of wavelengths for each type of electromagnetic radiation and summarize... Problem 8E: Explain the wave behavior known as interference. Explain the difference between constructive and... Problem 9E: Explain the wave behavior known as diffraction. Draw the diffraction pattern that occurs when light... Problem 10E: Describe the photoelectric effect. How did experimental observations of this phenomenon differ from... Problem 11E: How did the photoelectric effect lead Einstein to propose that light is quantized? Problem 12E: What is a photon? How is the energy of a photon related to its wavelength? Its frequency? Problem 13E: What is an emission spectrum? How does an emission spectrum of a gas in a discharge tube differ from... Problem 14E: Describe the Bohr model for the atom. How did the Bohr model account for the emission spectra of... Problem 15E: Explain electron diffraction. Problem 16E: What is the de Broglie wavelength of an electron? What determines the value of the de Broglie... Problem 17E: What are complementary properties? How does electron diffraction demonstrate the complementarity of... Problem 18E: Explain Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. What paradox is at least partially solved by the... Problem 19E: What is a trajectory? What kind of information do you need to predict the trajectory of a particle? Problem 20E: Why does the uncertainty principle make it impossible to predict a trajectory for the electron? Problem 21E: Newton’s laws of motion are deterministic. Explain this statement. Problem 22E: An electron behaves in ways that are at least partially indeterminate. Explain this statement. Problem 23E: What is a probability distribution map? Problem 24E: For each solution to the Schrödinger equation, which quantity can be precisely specified: the... Problem 25E: What is a quantum-mechanical orbital? Problem 26E: What is the Schrödinger equation? What is a wave function? How is a wave function related to an... Problem 27E: What are the possible values of the principal quantum number n? What does the principal quantum... Problem 28E: What are the possible values of the angular momentum quantum number l? What does the angular... Problem 29E: What are the possible values of the magnetic quantum number m1? What does the magnetic quantum... Problem 30E Problem 31E: Explain the difference between a plot showing the probability density for an orbital and one showing... Problem 32E: Sketch the general shapes of the s, p, and d orbitals. Problem 33E: List the four different sublevels. Given that only a maximum of two electrons can occupy an orbital,... Problem 34E: Why are atoms usually portrayed as spheres when most orbitals are not spherically shaped? Problem 35E: The distance from the sun to Earth is 1.496108 km. How long does it take light to travel from the... Problem 36E: The nearest star to our sun is Proxima Centauri, at a distance of 4.3 light-years from the sun. A... Problem 37E: List these types of electromagnetic radiation in order of (i) increasing wavelength and (ii)... Problem 38E: List these types of electromagnetic radiation in order of (i) increasing frequency and (ii)... Problem 39E: Calculate the frequency of each wavelength of electromagnetic radiation: 632.3 nm (wavelength of red... Problem 40E: Calculate the wavelength of each frequency of electromagnetic radiation: 100.2 MHz (typical... Problem 41E: Calculate the energy of a photon of electromagnetic radiation at each of the wavelengths indicated... Problem 42E: Calculate the energy of a photon of electromagnetic radiation at each of the frequencies indicated... Problem 43E: A laser pulse with wavelength 532 nm contains 3.85 mJ of energy. How many photons are in the laser... Problem 44E: A heat lamp produces 32.8 watts of power at a wavelength of 6.5 µm. How many photons are emitted per... Problem 45E: Determine the energy of 1 mol of photons for each kind of light. (Assume three significant figures.)... Problem 46E: How much energy is contained in 1 mol of each? X-ray photons with a wavelength of 0.135 nm y-ray... Problem 47E: Sketch the interference pattern that results from the diffraction of electrons passing through two... Problem 48E: What happens to the interference pattern described in Problem 47 if the rate of electrons going... Problem 49E: The resolution limit of a microscope is roughly equal to the wavelength of light used in producing... Problem 50E: The smallest atoms can themselves exhibit quantum-mechanical behavior. Calculate the de Broglie... Problem 51E: What is the de Broglie wavelength of an electron traveling at [1.35 \times {10^5}\] m/s? Problem 52E: A proton in a linear accelerator has a de Broglie wavelength of 122 pm. What is the speed of the... Problem 53E Problem 54E: A 0.22-caliber handgun fires a 27-g bullet at a velocity of 765 m/s. Calculate the de Broglie... Problem 55E: An electron has an uncertainty in its position of 552 pm. What is the uncertainty in its velocity?... Problem 56E: An electron traveling at [1.35 \times {10^5}\] m/s has an uncertainty in its velocity of [1.88 times... Problem 57E: Which electron is, on average, closer to the nucleus: an electron in a 2s orbital or an electron in... Problem 58E: Which electron is, on average, further from the nucleus: an electron in a 3p orbital or an electron... Problem 59E: What are the possible values of I for each given value of n? 1 2 3 4 Problem 60E: What are the possible values of m1 for each given value of /? 0 1 2 3 Problem 61E: Which set of quantum numbers cannot occur together to specify an orbital? [n = 2,l = 1,{m_1} = - 1]... Problem 62E: Which combinations of n and I represent real orbitals, and which do not exist? 1s 2p 4s 2d Problem 63E Problem 64E: Sketch the 3d orbitals. How do the 4d orbitals differ from the 3d orbitals? Problem 65E: An electron in a hydrogen atom is excited with electrical energy to an excited state with [n = 2].... Problem 66E: Determine whether each transition in the hydrogen atom corresponds to absorption or emission of... Problem 67E: According to the quantum-mechanical model for the hydrogen atom, which electron transition produces... Problem 68E: According to the quantum-mechanical model for the hydrogen atom, which electron transition produces... Problem 69E: Calculate the wavelength of the light emitted when an electron in a hydrogen atom makes each... Problem 70E: Calculate the frequency of the light emitted when an electron in a hydrogen atom makes each... Problem 71E Problem 72E: An electron in a hydrogen atom relaxes to the [n = 4] level, emitting light of 114 THz. What is the... Problem 73E: Ultraviolet radiation and radiation of shorter wavelengths can damage biological molecules because... Problem 74E: The human eye contains a molecule called 11-cis-retinal that changes shape when struck with light of... Problem 75E: An argon ion laser puts out 5.0 W of continuous power at a wavelength of 532 nm. The diameter of the... Problem 76E: A green leaf has a surface area of 2.50 cm2. If solar radiation is 1000 W/m2, how many photons... Problem 77E Problem 78E: An X-ray photon of wavelength 0.989 nm strikes a surface. The emitted electron has a kinetic energy... Problem 79E Problem 80E: The energy required to ionize sodium is 496 kJ/mol. What minimum frequency of light is required to... Problem 81E Problem 82E: Suppose that, in an alternate universe, the possible values of m1are the integer values including 0... Problem 83E Problem 84E Problem 85E: The binding energy of electrons in a metal is 193 kJ/mol. Find the threshold frequency of the metal. Problem 86E: In order for a thermonuclear fusion reaction of two deuterons (H12+) to take place, the deuterons... Problem 87E Problem 88E Problem 89E: The iodine molecule can be photodissociated (broken apart with light) into iodine atoms in the gas... Problem 90E: A sample of naphthalene in hexane contains 5.00104 mol naphthalene. The naphthalene is excited with... Problem 91E Problem 92E Problem 93E Problem 94E: The energy of a vibrating molecule is quantized much like the energy of an electron in the hydrogen... Problem 95E: The wave functions for the 1s and 2s orbitals are as follows: 1s=(1/)1/2(1/a03/2)exp(r/a0)... Problem 96E: Before quantum mechanics was developed, Johannes Rydberg developed an equation that predicted the... Problem 97E: Find the velocity of an electron emitted by a metal whose threshold frequency is 2.25 x 1014 s-1... Problem 98E: Water is exposed to infrared radiation of wavelength 2.8104 . Assume that all the radiation is... Problem 99E Problem 100E: A metal with a threshold frequency of 6.711014s1 emits an electron with a velocity of 6.95105m/s m/s... Problem 101E: Find the longest wavelength of a wave that can travel around in a circular orbit of radius 1.8m. Problem 102E: The amount of heat to melt ice is 0.333 kJ/g. Find the number of photons of wavelength = 6.42106m... Problem 103E: Explain the difference between the Bohr model for the hydrogen atom and the quantum mechanical... Problem 104E: The light emitted from one of the following electronic transitions ( n = 4 n = 3 or n = 3 n = 2)... Problem 105E: Determine whether an interference pattern is observed on the other side of the slits in each... Problem 106E: Which transition in the hydrogen atom results in emitted light with the longest wavelength? n= 4 n... format_list_bulleted
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