EBK HUMAN BIOLOGY
11th Edition
ISBN: 8220100545931
Author: MCMILLAN
Publisher: Cengage Learning US
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 3, Problem 2CT
Jogging is considered aerobic exercise because the cardiovascular system (heart and blood vessels) can adjust to supply the oxygen needs of working cells. In contrast, sprinting the 100-meter dash might be called “anaerobic” (lacking oxygen) exercise, and golf “nonaerobic” exercise. Explain these last two observations.
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
Describe the position where wrist and finger are in full extension.
What sensation will be felt in this position? What explains this sensation that you felt when the wrist and fingers were positioned in extension?
*NOTE: Apply any of the following concepts to the explanation as deemed appropriate and connected to the situation above: Mucle Contraction, Concentric Contraction, Isometric Contraction, Eccentric Contraction, Force Velocity Curve, Stretch Reflex, Reciprocal Inhibition, Autogenic Inhibition, Length-Tension Relationship
The 100 meter dash is a quick and short run requiring explosive speed. On completion of the dash the runners will continue to breathe hard for several seconds to minutes even though they are no longer running. Which of the following is the best explanation for why this is so?
a.Slow oxidative fibers are recruited last and have only started to work at completion of the run.
b.The runners' fast oxidative muscles are so slow to utilize oxygen it only begins aerobic respiration by the time the run has finished.
c.The runners' use of stored oxygen, glucose and creatine phosphate is being replenished and this requires a prolonged increase of oxygen intake.
d. Since the exercise was mostly aerobic exercise, the runners' bodies have not yet realized
Acetylcholine (ACh) is the primary neurotransmitter responsible for muscle contraction.
The binding of ACh to receptors on muscle cells activates a signal transduction pathway
that causes the muscle to contract. Acetylcholinesterase, the digestive enzyme found on
the membranes of muscle cells, is responsible for the breakdown of ACh over time, ending
the activation of muscular contraction.
Certain chemical compounds, such as sarin gas, act as high-affinity inhibitors of
acetylcholinesterase.
Which of the following describes the most likely effect that exposure to sarin would have
on muscle cells?
A
B
с
D
complete inhibition of muscle contraction
slower transduction of the muscle contraction pathway
decrease in the frequency of muscle contraction
convulsions due to continuous muscle contraction
Chapter 3 Solutions
EBK HUMAN BIOLOGY
Ch. 3 - Describe the general functions of the following in...Ch. 3 - Which organelles are in the endomembrane system?Ch. 3 - Distinguish between the following pairs of terms:...Ch. 3 - What do enzymes do in metabolic reactions?Ch. 3 - In aerobic cellular respiration, which reactions...Ch. 3 - For the diagram of the aerobic pathway shown in...Ch. 3 - The plasma membrane __________. a. surrounds the...Ch. 3 - The _________ is responsible for a eukaryotic...Ch. 3 - Cell membranes consist mainly of a _________. a....Ch. 3 - Prob. 4SQ
Ch. 3 - The passive movement of a solute through a...Ch. 3 - Match each organelle with its correct function.Ch. 3 - Which of the following statements is not true?...Ch. 3 - Enzymes _______. a. enhance reaction rates b. are...Ch. 3 - Match each substance with its correct descriptionCh. 3 - Cellular respiration is completed in the ______....Ch. 3 - Prob. 11SQCh. 3 - In a mitochondrion, where are the electron...Ch. 3 - Prob. 1CTCh. 3 - Jogging is considered aerobic exercise because the...Ch. 3 - Section 3.17 mentions that arsenic poisons human...Ch. 3 - The cells of your body never use nucleic acids as...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Why do you think a person is able to perform anaerobic exercise (such as lifting and holding a heavy weight) only briefly but can sustain aerobic exercise (such as walking or swimming) for long periods? (Hint: Muscles have limited energy stores.)arrow_forwardIn the binding of oxygen to myoglobin, the relationship between the concentration of oxygen and the fraction of binding sites occupied can best be described as: hyperbolic linear with a negative slope linear with a positive slope random sigmoidalarrow_forward1) During physical exercise, our bodies' primary source of energy are: 2) A measure of the maximum volume of oxygen, in millimeters, that the cells of the body can remove from the bloodstream in one minute (per kilogram of body mass) while the body experiences maximum exertion is: 3) A dart hitting board would best be explained by Newton's what law of motion: 4) The function of the cartilage is to: 5) The major muscle responsible for leg flexion in a football kick 6) Which of the vitamins are water soluble? 7) The moment of inertia depends on: the moment of force the object's angular velocity angular acceleration the distribution of the mass in relation to the axis of rotation 8) The system producing most of the energy in a long workout: 9) Cross-section of the breastbone: 10) Which of the following is NOT a synovial joint gliding joint pivot joint…arrow_forward
- Imagine you are an oxygen molecule. Your job is to get inside the body and deliver oxygen to a working muscle. Create a word flowchart to identify all the structures you will encounter during your passage from the outside air to the inside of a muscle cell. Include a short description of how you will exchange places with carbon dioxide when you arrive at the cell.arrow_forwardA researcher is investigating the composition of muscle tissue in thegastrocnemius muscles (in the calf of the leg) of athletes. She takesa needle biopsy from the muscle and determines the concentration(or enzyme activity) of several substances. Describe the major differences this researcher sees when comparing the muscles of athletes whoperform in the following events: 100-meter dash, weight lifting, and10,000-meter runarrow_forwardWhen an animal dies, its limbs and body become stiff because its muscles go into rigor mortis (literally, rigor mortis means “stiffness of death”). Why would the loss of ATP following death cause this to happen?arrow_forward
- During rhythmic, moderately intense aerobic exercise, there is a redistribution of blood flow throughout the body. Which of the following statements is true? O beta-2 receptors cause dilation and increased blood flow to the exercising muscle there is a large increase in blood flow to the brain to keep you alert mean arterial pressure increases 5-8x due to a similar increase in total cardiac output blood flow to the kidneys and gut increases due to the presence of alpha-2 receptorsarrow_forwardWhich one of the following is key element to overall athletic performance? Select one: a. Increase available lactic acid to increase neural sensitivity. O b. Building up inorganic phosphate depos above 10 mM levels to increase muscle contractibility c. To maximize energy use without reaching the limitations of any of the energy supply systems. O d. Minimize tissue hydration in order to maximize osmolality of tissue.arrow_forwardWhen the alary muscles contract, the hemolymph is forced through the aorta into the head. Upon relaxation, the hemolymph enters the heart through the ostia. Once the hemolymph leaves the aorta, it fills the perineural and perivisceral sinuses, bathing the internal organs at the same time. Present your understanding of this concept through a diagram in the activity worksheet.arrow_forward
- Tetanus is a disease caused by Clostridium tetani characterized by muscle spasms. Just like the toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum, this toxin produced by C. tetani interferes with muscle contractions. Where botulina toxin causes paralysis, C. tetani toxin causes muscle spasms and painful contractions lasting minutes at a time. Additional symptoms include stiffness and rigidity of muscles. Using your knowledge of how muscles contract explain what steps within a muscle contraction are being interfered with to cause these symptoms?arrow_forwardExplain the following two statements: Muscles can only actively contract; muscle fibers lengthen passively.arrow_forwardHow best can you explain the difference between aerobic exercise, aerobic fitness and anaerobic exercise?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...
Biology
ISBN:9781285866932
Author:Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher:Cengage Learning
KINE 2310-Chapter 4: Philosophy of Physical Activity; Author: HBU Online Course Development;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Ky6t3nvP_4;License: Standard youtube license