EBK CHEMISTRY: AN ATOMS FIRST APPROACH
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780100552234
Author: ZUMDAHL
Publisher: YUZU
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Textbook Question
Chapter 3, Problem 26Q
Combustion reactions of fossil fuels provide most of the energy needs of the world. Why do the combustion reactions of fossil fuels produce so much energy?
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10. You're preparing for a camping trip. you see two different stoves you can pack for your trip to do
all your cooking. Which fuel would you prefer to carry?
One stove uses fuel propane.
The other stove uses naphtha (hexane) fuel.
Start by writing a balanced combustion equation for both of these reactions. Use either standard
enthalpies of formation or bond energies to determine the enthalpy changes for the combustion of
these two fuels. Then suggest which stove, the one that uses propane or the one that uses naphtha,
would you recommend to pack for your camping trip? Explain. (You may need more space for
your response).
Use the References to access important values if needed for this question.
Use average bond enthalpies (linked above) to calculate the enthalpy change for the following gas-phase reaction.
2HBr(g) + Cl₂(g) → 2HCI(g) + Br₂(0)
To analyze the reaction, first draw Lewis structures for all reactant and product molecules.
Draw the reaction using separate sketchers for each species.
• Separate multiple reactants and/or products using the + sign from the drop-down arrow.
. Separate reactants from products using the symbol from the drop-down menu.
Remember to include nonbonding valence electrons in your Lewis structures.
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When a firecracker explodes, energy is obviously released. The compounds in the firecracker can be viewed as being “energy rich.” What does this mean? Explain the source of the energy in terms of chemical bonds.
Chapter 3 Solutions
EBK CHEMISTRY: AN ATOMS FIRST APPROACH
Ch. 3 - Distinguish between the terms electronegativity...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2RQCh. 3 - When an element forms an anion, what happens to...Ch. 3 - Define the term lattice energy. Why,...Ch. 3 - Explain how bond energies can be used to estimate...Ch. 3 - Prob. 6RQCh. 3 - Prob. 7RQCh. 3 - Explain the terms resonance and delocalized...Ch. 3 - Define formal charge and explain how to calculate...Ch. 3 - The compounds AlCl3, CrCl3, and ICl3 have similar...
Ch. 3 - How would you name HBrO4, KIO3, NaBrO2, and HIO?...Ch. 3 - Explain the electronegativity trends across a row...Ch. 3 - The ionic compound AB is formed. The charges on...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3ALQCh. 3 - The bond energy for a CH bond is about 413 kJ/mol...Ch. 3 - Prob. 5ALQCh. 3 - Which has the greater bond lengths: NO2 or NO3?...Ch. 3 - Prob. 7ALQCh. 3 - The second electron affinity values for both...Ch. 3 - What is meant by a chemical bond? Why do atoms...Ch. 3 - Why are some bonds ionic and some covalent?Ch. 3 - Prob. 11ALQCh. 3 - Prob. 12ALQCh. 3 - Prob. 13ALQCh. 3 - Why do we call Ba(NO3)2 barium nitrate, but we...Ch. 3 - Prob. 15ALQCh. 3 - Prob. 16ALQCh. 3 - Compare and contrast the bonding found in the...Ch. 3 - Describe the type of bonding that exists in the...Ch. 3 - Some of the important properties of ionic...Ch. 3 - Prob. 21QCh. 3 - Distinguish between the following terms. a....Ch. 3 - What is the electronegativity trend? Where does...Ch. 3 - Prob. 24QCh. 3 - In general the higher the charge on the ions in an...Ch. 3 - Combustion reactions of fossil fuels provide most...Ch. 3 - Which of the following statements is/are true?...Ch. 3 - Three resonance structures can be drawn for CO2...Ch. 3 - Prob. 29QCh. 3 - Prob. 30QCh. 3 - Without using Fig. 3-4, predict the order of...Ch. 3 - Without using Fig. 3-4, predict the order of...Ch. 3 - Without using Fig. 3-4, predict which bond in each...Ch. 3 - Without using Fig. 3-4, predict which bond in each...Ch. 3 - Prob. 35ECh. 3 - Prob. 36ECh. 3 - Which of the following incorrectly shows the bond...Ch. 3 - Indicate the bond polarity (show the partial...Ch. 3 - Predict the type of bond (ionic, covalent, or...Ch. 3 - List all the possible bonds that can occur between...Ch. 3 - Hydrogen has an electronegativity value between...Ch. 3 - Rank the following bonds in order of increasing...Ch. 3 - Would you expect each of the following atoms to...Ch. 3 - Prob. 44ECh. 3 - Prob. 45ECh. 3 - Prob. 46ECh. 3 - Predict the empirical formulas of the ionic...Ch. 3 - Prob. 48ECh. 3 - Write electron configurations for a. the cations...Ch. 3 - Write electron configurations for a. the cations...Ch. 3 - Which of the following ions have noble gas...Ch. 3 - What noble gas has the same electron configuration...Ch. 3 - Give the formula of a negative ion that would have...Ch. 3 - Prob. 54ECh. 3 - Give three ions that are isoelectronic with neon....Ch. 3 - Consider the ions Sc3+, Cl, K+, Ca2+, and S2....Ch. 3 - Prob. 57ECh. 3 - Prob. 58ECh. 3 - Which compound in each of the following pairs of...Ch. 3 - Which compound in each of the following pairs of...Ch. 3 - Use the following data for potassium chloride to...Ch. 3 - Prob. 62ECh. 3 - Consider the following energy changes: E(kJ/mol)...Ch. 3 - Prob. 64ECh. 3 - Consider the following:...Ch. 3 - Prob. 66ECh. 3 - Rationalize the following lattice energy values:...Ch. 3 - The lattice energies of FeCl3, FeCl2, and Fe2O3...Ch. 3 - Prob. 69ECh. 3 - Prob. 70ECh. 3 - Prob. 71ECh. 3 - Acetic acid is responsible for the sour taste of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 73ECh. 3 - The major industrial source of hydrogen gas is by...Ch. 3 - Prob. 75ECh. 3 - Prob. 76ECh. 3 - Prob. 77ECh. 3 - Prob. 78ECh. 3 - Write Lewis structures that obey the octet rule...Ch. 3 - Write Lewis structures that obey the octet rule...Ch. 3 - Write Lewis structures that obey the octet rule...Ch. 3 - Write Lewis structures that obey the octet rule...Ch. 3 - Prob. 83ECh. 3 - Lewis structures can be used to understand why...Ch. 3 - The most common exceptions to the octet rule are...Ch. 3 - Prob. 86ECh. 3 - Write Lewis structures for the following. Show all...Ch. 3 - Prob. 88ECh. 3 - Benzene (C6H6) consists of a six-membered ring of...Ch. 3 - Borazine (B3N3H6) has often been called inorganic...Ch. 3 - An important observation supporting the concept of...Ch. 3 - Consider the following bond lengths: CO143pmC9O123...Ch. 3 - A toxic cloud covered Bhopal, India, in December...Ch. 3 - Peroxyacetyl nitrate, or PAN, is present in...Ch. 3 - Order the following species with respect to...Ch. 3 - Place the species below in order of the shortest...Ch. 3 - Prob. 97ECh. 3 - Prob. 98ECh. 3 - Write Lewis structures that obey the octet rule...Ch. 3 - Write Lewis structures for the species in Exercise...Ch. 3 - A common trait of simple organic compounds is to...Ch. 3 - Prob. 102ECh. 3 - Oxidation of the cyanide ion produces the stable...Ch. 3 - Prob. 104ECh. 3 - Name the compounds in parts ad and write the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 106ECh. 3 - Prob. 107ECh. 3 - Prob. 108ECh. 3 - Prob. 109ECh. 3 - Prob. 110ECh. 3 - Prob. 111ECh. 3 - Prob. 112ECh. 3 - Prob. 113ECh. 3 - Prob. 114ECh. 3 - Prob. 115ECh. 3 - Prob. 116ECh. 3 - Prob. 117ECh. 3 - Write the formula for each of the following...Ch. 3 - Prob. 119ECh. 3 - Write the formula for each of the following...Ch. 3 - Prob. 121ECh. 3 - Prob. 122ECh. 3 - Arrange the following in order of increasing...Ch. 3 - For each of the following, write an equation that...Ch. 3 - Prob. 125AECh. 3 - Write Lewis structures for CO32, HCO3, and H2CO3....Ch. 3 - Which member of the following pairs would you...Ch. 3 - What do each of the following sets of...Ch. 3 - Although both Br3 and I3 ions are known, the F3...Ch. 3 - Prob. 130AECh. 3 - Prob. 131AECh. 3 - Identify each of the following elements: a. a...Ch. 3 - Prob. 133AECh. 3 - Prob. 134AECh. 3 - When molten sulfur reacts with chlorine gas, a...Ch. 3 - The study of carbon-containing compounds and their...Ch. 3 - Prob. 137CWPCh. 3 - Prob. 138CWPCh. 3 - Complete the following table to predict whether...Ch. 3 - Prob. 140CWPCh. 3 - Prob. 141CWPCh. 3 - List the bonds PCl, PF, OF, and SiF from least...Ch. 3 - Arrange the atoms and/or ions in the following...Ch. 3 - Prob. 144CWPCh. 3 - Prob. 145CWPCh. 3 - Which of the following compounds or ions exhibit...Ch. 3 - Prob. 147CPCh. 3 - Prob. 148CPCh. 3 - Given the following information: Energy of...Ch. 3 - Think of forming an ionic compound as three steps...Ch. 3 - Use data in this chapter (and Chapter 2) to...Ch. 3 - Three processes that have been used for the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 153CPCh. 3 - Prob. 154CPCh. 3 - Draw a Lewis structure for the N,...Ch. 3 - Cholesterol (C27H46O) has the following structure:...Ch. 3 - Consider the following computer-generated model of...Ch. 3 - For each of the following ions, indicate the total...Ch. 3 - Prob. 159IPCh. 3 - A polyatomic ion is composed of C, N, and an...
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- hat does temperature measure? Are the molecules in a beaker of warm water moving at the same speed as the molecules in a beaker of cold water? Explain? What is heat? Is heat the same as temperature?arrow_forwardA commercial process for preparing ethanol (ethyl alcohol), C2H5OH, consists of passing ethylene gas. C2H4, and steam over an acid catalyst (to speed up the reaction). The gas-phase reaction is Use bond enthalpies (Table 9.5) to estimate the enthalpy change for this reaction when 37.0 g of ethyl alcohol is produced.arrow_forwardA scientist studies the bond energies of different compounds containing nitrogen (N). The scientist observes that the N–N bonds in one group of compounds have a bond energy of 209 kJ/mol, while the N–N bonds in another group of compounds have a bond energy of 418 kJ/mol. In one or two sentences, postulate a reason for this difference.arrow_forward
- Use the References to access important values if needed for this question. Use average bond enthalpies (linked above) to calculate the enthalpy change for the following gas-phase reaction. CH3OH(g) + HI(g) - CH31(g) + H₂O(g) To analyze the reaction, first draw Lewis structures for all reactant and product molecules. • Draw the reaction using separate sketchers for each species. ● Separate multiple reactants and/or products using the + sign from the drop-down arrow. ● Separate reactants from products using the → symbol from the drop-down menu. • Remember to include nonbonding valence electrons in your Lewis structures. ▾ ? ChemDoodle ▼ Sn [F removearrow_forwardSay which atom is the C and the O is bonded with for reactants and productsarrow_forwardEstimate the enthalpy change (AH) of the following reaction using the average bond energies in the table below. *Hint: Draw out the structures to see how the atoms bond!* Reaction: 2C2H6 + 702 → 4CO2 + 6H2O Bond Energies: 436 kJ/mol 431 kJ/mol 413 kJ/mol C=C C=C C=0 614 kJ/mol 839 kJ/mol 799 kJ/mol 495 kJ/mol 1072 kJ/mol 615 kJ/mol H-H С-Н H-CI C-C 348 kJ/mol 293 kJ/mol 358 kJ/mol HF 567 kJ/mol C-N N-H 391 kJ/mol C-O O=0 N-O 201 kJ/mol C-F C-CI 485 kJ/mol C=0 463 kJ/mol 328 kJ/mol C=N 146 kJ/mol C-S 259 k/mol N=N 418 kJ/mol F-F 155 kJ/mol CI-CI 242 kJ/mol N=N 941 kJ/mol 891 kJ/mol C=N - 9117 kJ - 2831 kJ 11968 kJ 2518 kJ 312 kJarrow_forward
- 14.arrow_forwardA particular chemical reaction has AH° = +250 kJ/mol. Which of the following statements are true concerning this reaction? Choose all that apply Heat moves from the system to the surroundings The reaction is endothermic Overall bond length has increased in the products The molecules in the system will slow down as the kinetic energy is converted to potential energy O The enthalpy of the products is lower than the enthalpy of the reactantsarrow_forward1. The atomic number of element X is smaller than 20. The first to eighth ionization enthalpies of X, in kJ mol-!, are listed below: 1300, 3400, 5300, 7500, 11000, 13000, 71000, 84000 A. What is the meaning of the first ionization enthalpy of an element? B. Write down the chemical equation for the second ionization of X. C. Explain why the successive ionization enthalpies of X increase. D. To which group of the Periodic Table does X belong? Explain your answer. e. Assume X is a period 2 element, i. Draw the electron-box diagram and write down the electronic configuration of X. ii. Deduce the type of chemical bonding and intermolecular force between the molecule formed between element X and oxygen ii. Draw a three-dimensional Lewis structure of neutral compound formed between element X and fluorine. State its shape and bond angle. iv. Finally, what is element X according to the periodic table? Briefly explain your choice.arrow_forward
- Use the bond enthaplies in this table to determine triangleH for the formafion of hydrazine, N2H4, according to this equation.arrow_forwardUse average bond energies together with the standard enthalpy of formation of C( g) (718.4 kJ/mol) to estimate the standard enthalpy of formation of gaseous benzene, C6H6( g). (Remember that average bond energies apply to the gas phase only.) Compare the value you obtain using average bond energies to the actual standard enthalpy of formation of gaseous benzene,82.9 kJ/mol. What does the difference between these two values tell you about the stability of benzene?arrow_forward28. Estimate the enthalpy (change in energy) of reaction for 2 SO(g) + O2(g) →2 SO2(g) using bond energies. Assume that sulfur in SO2 (g) has an expanded octet. -> Bond Energy (kJ/mol) 498 265 a. 498 kJ/mol c. -498 kJ/mol bь. 731 kJ/mol d. -32KJ/molarrow_forward
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