How a physician quickly and easily determines which antibiotic would be the correct one to use for the patient. Introduction: Antibiotics are drugs that are used to treat the infections caused by the bacteria. These are synthetic proteins that are usually synthesized from the bacteria by recombinant DNA technology. Every antibiotic is specific to particular bacteria that tend to prevent the bacterial infection. For example, the antibiotic penicillin inhibits the beta-lactamase enzyme of bacteria, thereby it prevents the growth of bacteria.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 1QC

Summary Introduction

To explain: How a physician quickly and easily determines which antibiotic would be the correct one to use for the patient.

Introduction: Antibiotics are drugs that are used to treat the infections caused by the bacteria. These are synthetic proteins that are usually synthesized from the bacteria by recombinant DNA technology. Every antibiotic is specific to particular bacteria that tend to prevent the bacterial infection. For example, the antibiotic penicillin inhibits the beta-lactamase enzyme of bacteria, thereby it prevents the growth of bacteria.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

In the case study, the physician examines that the patient has deep laceration to the left lateral thigh, and the wound is approximately 60 mm with the greenish pus discharge. In medical history, the patient was prescribed with both the antibiotics namely vancomycin and ciprofloxacin. The determination of the correct antibiotics needs the examination of bacteria in the growth medium. Since the medical center's diagnostic laboratory is closed, the physician prescribes ciprofloxacin drug because it acts on both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Vancomycin drug only inhibits gram-positive bacteria by inhibiting the cell wall. Thus, based on the mechanism of action of antibiotics, the physician determines the antibiotics to the patient.

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Question #3: In the KeyGene paper, the authors state that it would be useful if pollen from an apomict would transmit apomixis-inducing genes to the female in the cross (assuming the pollen is viable). Assuming there was just one gene conferring gametophytic obligate apomixis, and that the two parents are inbreds, what would be the consequences of such a cross if: a) The apomixis was a dominant trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the parental cross. b) The apomixis was a recessive trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the…

Question #5: Assume that two genes are identified that confer gametophytic facultative apomixis in soybean. The genes show independent assortment. Recessive alleles at both loci are required for the facultative apomixis. Facultative apomixis is triggered when the temperature at pollination is above 20 degrees C. At temperatures below 20 degrees C, all reproduction is sexual, independent of genotype. A facultative apomict male, capable of producing viable pollen, was crossed with a sexually reproducing female. Assuming the parents are completely inbred, what are the predicted phenotypic ratios (apomict: non-apomict) for the F1, F2, and DH (F1-derived) generations at each of the following temperatures*: a) 15°C? b) 25°C? *for full credit, show crosses and genotypes where appropriate. Remember to position the female first (left side) in the cross. Type your answer here:

a. What percentage of a drug is eliminated after 4 half-lives? Please round to the nearest percent. b. What will happen to elimination of the drug in the previous question if the system is saturated? explain and show any math involved

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 1QC

Summary Introduction

To explain: How a physician quickly and easily determines which antibiotic would be the correct one to use for the patient.

Introduction: Antibiotics are drugs that are used to treat the infections caused by the bacteria. These are synthetic proteins that are usually synthesized from the bacteria by recombinant DNA technology. Every antibiotic is specific to particular bacteria that tend to prevent the bacterial infection. For example, the antibiotic penicillin inhibits the beta-lactamase enzyme of bacteria, thereby it prevents the growth of bacteria.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

In the case study, the physician examines that the patient has deep laceration to the left lateral thigh, and the wound is approximately 60 mm with the greenish pus discharge. In medical history, the patient was prescribed with both the antibiotics namely vancomycin and ciprofloxacin. The determination of the correct antibiotics needs the examination of bacteria in the growth medium. Since the medical center's diagnostic laboratory is closed, the physician prescribes ciprofloxacin drug because it acts on both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Vancomycin drug only inhibits gram-positive bacteria by inhibiting the cell wall. Thus, based on the mechanism of action of antibiotics, the physician determines the antibiotics to the patient.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 1QC

Summary Introduction

To explain: How a physician quickly and easily determines which antibiotic would be the correct one to use for the patient.

Introduction: Antibiotics are drugs that are used to treat the infections caused by the bacteria. These are synthetic proteins that are usually synthesized from the bacteria by recombinant DNA technology. Every antibiotic is specific to particular bacteria that tend to prevent the bacterial infection. For example, the antibiotic penicillin inhibits the beta-lactamase enzyme of bacteria, thereby it prevents the growth of bacteria.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

In the case study, the physician examines that the patient has deep laceration to the left lateral thigh, and the wound is approximately 60 mm with the greenish pus discharge. In medical history, the patient was prescribed with both the antibiotics namely vancomycin and ciprofloxacin. The determination of the correct antibiotics needs the examination of bacteria in the growth medium. Since the medical center's diagnostic laboratory is closed, the physician prescribes ciprofloxacin drug because it acts on both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Vancomycin drug only inhibits gram-positive bacteria by inhibiting the cell wall. Thus, based on the mechanism of action of antibiotics, the physician determines the antibiotics to the patient.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 1QC

Summary Introduction

To explain: How a physician quickly and easily determines which antibiotic would be the correct one to use for the patient.

Introduction: Antibiotics are drugs that are used to treat the infections caused by the bacteria. These are synthetic proteins that are usually synthesized from the bacteria by recombinant DNA technology. Every antibiotic is specific to particular bacteria that tend to prevent the bacterial infection. For example, the antibiotic penicillin inhibits the beta-lactamase enzyme of bacteria, thereby it prevents the growth of bacteria.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

In the case study, the physician examines that the patient has deep laceration to the left lateral thigh, and the wound is approximately 60 mm with the greenish pus discharge. In medical history, the patient was prescribed with both the antibiotics namely vancomycin and ciprofloxacin. The determination of the correct antibiotics needs the examination of bacteria in the growth medium. Since the medical center's diagnostic laboratory is closed, the physician prescribes ciprofloxacin drug because it acts on both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Vancomycin drug only inhibits gram-positive bacteria by inhibiting the cell wall. Thus, based on the mechanism of action of antibiotics, the physician determines the antibiotics to the patient.

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Answer 5

Chapter 3, Problem 1QC

Summary Introduction

To explain: How a physician quickly and easily determines which antibiotic would be the correct one to use for the patient.

Introduction: Antibiotics are drugs that are used to treat the infections caused by the bacteria. These are synthetic proteins that are usually synthesized from the bacteria by recombinant DNA technology. Every antibiotic is specific to particular bacteria that tend to prevent the bacterial infection. For example, the antibiotic penicillin inhibits the beta-lactamase enzyme of bacteria, thereby it prevents the growth of bacteria.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

In the case study, the physician examines that the patient has deep laceration to the left lateral thigh, and the wound is approximately 60 mm with the greenish pus discharge. In medical history, the patient was prescribed with both the antibiotics namely vancomycin and ciprofloxacin. The determination of the correct antibiotics needs the examination of bacteria in the growth medium. Since the medical center's diagnostic laboratory is closed, the physician prescribes ciprofloxacin drug because it acts on both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Vancomycin drug only inhibits gram-positive bacteria by inhibiting the cell wall. Thus, based on the mechanism of action of antibiotics, the physician determines the antibiotics to the patient.

Answer 6

Chapter 3, Problem 1QC

Summary Introduction

To explain: How a physician quickly and easily determines which antibiotic would be the correct one to use for the patient.

Introduction: Antibiotics are drugs that are used to treat the infections caused by the bacteria. These are synthetic proteins that are usually synthesized from the bacteria by recombinant DNA technology. Every antibiotic is specific to particular bacteria that tend to prevent the bacterial infection. For example, the antibiotic penicillin inhibits the beta-lactamase enzyme of bacteria, thereby it prevents the growth of bacteria.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

In the case study, the physician examines that the patient has deep laceration to the left lateral thigh, and the wound is approximately 60 mm with the greenish pus discharge. In medical history, the patient was prescribed with both the antibiotics namely vancomycin and ciprofloxacin. The determination of the correct antibiotics needs the examination of bacteria in the growth medium. Since the medical center's diagnostic laboratory is closed, the physician prescribes ciprofloxacin drug because it acts on both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Vancomycin drug only inhibits gram-positive bacteria by inhibiting the cell wall. Thus, based on the mechanism of action of antibiotics, the physician determines the antibiotics to the patient.

Answer 7

Chapter 3, Problem 1QC

Summary Introduction

To explain: How a physician quickly and easily determines which antibiotic would be the correct one to use for the patient.

Introduction: Antibiotics are drugs that are used to treat the infections caused by the bacteria. These are synthetic proteins that are usually synthesized from the bacteria by recombinant DNA technology. Every antibiotic is specific to particular bacteria that tend to prevent the bacterial infection. For example, the antibiotic penicillin inhibits the beta-lactamase enzyme of bacteria, thereby it prevents the growth of bacteria.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

In the case study, the physician examines that the patient has deep laceration to the left lateral thigh, and the wound is approximately 60 mm with the greenish pus discharge. In medical history, the patient was prescribed with both the antibiotics namely vancomycin and ciprofloxacin. The determination of the correct antibiotics needs the examination of bacteria in the growth medium. Since the medical center's diagnostic laboratory is closed, the physician prescribes ciprofloxacin drug because it acts on both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Vancomycin drug only inhibits gram-positive bacteria by inhibiting the cell wall. Thus, based on the mechanism of action of antibiotics, the physician determines the antibiotics to the patient.