Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134765037
Author: Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 3, Problem 17IMT
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The theme of biology exemplified in the given statement and how the theme is related to the statement which is: A person’s genetic legacy is contained within the sequence of
Introduction:
The information for all the physical features and functions are stored in the chromosomes as genes. These get transferred from the parents to the offspring during reproduction through gametes that fuse to give rise to the offspring.
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What is the basic flow of genetic information in all cellular life ? Include in your answer a the steps in the flow of genetic information and a brief definition for each .
Beadle and Tatum's experiments led to the "one gene - one enzyme (protein)" hypothesis. In subsequent years, many exceptions to this hypothesis were noted. A molecule of hemoglobin fails to support this hypothesis for which of the following reasons?
n eukaryotes, one gene can code form multiple isoforms of a polypeptide.
The functional hemoglobin protein is made from multiple polypeptides.
Not all enzymes are proteins.
Not all genes encode proteins.
Match the following Characteristic to their proper Mutation:
Question 4 options:
CHOICES:
1.
Missense Mutations
2.
Silent Mutations
3.
Nonsense Mutations
4.
None of the Above
DNA base pair that results in the substitution of one amino acid for another in the protein made by a gene.
Also known as Nonsynonymous Mutation
Mutation results in a shortened protein that may function improperly or not at all.
Do not affect the structure or function of the protein because there is no effect on the amino acid sequence.
Takes full advantage of the Wobble Hypothesis
Altered DNA sequence prematurely signals the cell to stop building a protein.
RNA processing is disrupted and the transcript is degraded before it even leaves the nucleus.
DNA bases changes a gene’s reading frame.
Also known as Synonymous Mutation
Chapter 3 Solutions
Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
Ch. 3 - One isomer of methamphetamine is the addictive...Ch. 3 - Monomers are joined together to form larger...Ch. 3 - Polymers are broken down into monomers through the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 4SQCh. 3 - When two molecules of glucose (C6H12O6) are joined...Ch. 3 - One molecule of dietary fat is made by joining...Ch. 3 - Prob. 7SQCh. 3 - Prob. 8SQCh. 3 - Prob. 9SQCh. 3 - Most proteins can easily dissolve in water. Where...
Ch. 3 - Prob. 11SQCh. 3 - A glucose molecule is to _____ as a nucleotide is...Ch. 3 - Name three similarities between DNA and RNA. Name...Ch. 3 - Prob. 14SQCh. 3 - For each statement, identify which major theme is...Ch. 3 - For each statement, identify which major theme is...Ch. 3 - Prob. 17IMTCh. 3 - Scientists at the U.S. Food and Drug...Ch. 3 - Imagine that you have produced several versions of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 20PSCh. 3 - Prob. 21BSCh. 3 - Heart disease is the leading cause of death among...Ch. 3 - Each year, industrial chemists develop and test...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Match the key learning to the process or investigation statement. a. one-gene/one-enzyme hypothesis b. a protein has a particular sequence of amino acids f. triplet hypothesis g. translation c. messenger RNA hypothesis d. stop code e. the genetic code is redundant h. RNA i. Transcription j. Start code 53. Only nucleotide variations adding or removing three nucleotides produced a functional protein. 54. ribosomes in the cytoplasm organize MRNA and tRNA to combine amino acids into a polypeptide 55. nucleotides are made of ribose, phosphate and one of the nitrogenous bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine and uracil 56. Jacob and Monod proposed that DNA's genetic message was copied on complementary RNA.arrow_forwardExplain why structural changes in genes located on chromosomes may affect proteins and may result in harmful, beneficial, or nuetral effects to the structure and function of the organismarrow_forwardProvide a brief discussion in support of the following statement: “RNA is believed to have played an important role during the origin of life.”arrow_forward
- Many diseases, cancers and even normal human variations can be caused by mutations and variations in the DNA nucleotide sequence. The most likely immediate result of DNA having a different nucleotide sequence is that Group of answer choices a, no direct result of change in the protein molecule would occur if DNA is mutated b, the protein resulting from the DNA mutation would be denatured and nonfunctional c, the primary structure of amino acid sequence in a protein would be altered. d the peptide bonds in the protein would by hydrolyzed and the protein would fall apartarrow_forwardDiagram the central dogma of molecular biology (biological information flow) and include RNA processing in your diagram.arrow_forwardExplain how DNA serves as the genetic material of an organism and how it can be used to create RNA and proteins. Outline the flow of information from DNA to protein (the central dogma of biology).arrow_forward
- Mutations involve changes to the sequence of an organism’s genetic code. As you have learned, viruses typically mutate more rapidly than human cells do. This is because human cells have mechanisms to proofread the genome and also mechanisms to repair a sequence if an error is detected. Mutations can vary in severity from having zero consequence to majorly altering a protein and its function. Mutations can involve the substitution of one DNA base to another, a G for an A for instance. Or mutations can involve the insertion of additional DNA bases or the deletion of existing DNA bases. Once a mutation occurs, if it changes the function of a resulting protein, a virus or organism is then changed. Because cells and viruses interact with the environment or surrounding cells, this change is either going to give the mutated cell or virus an advantage, allowing it to thrive more easily in its environment, or will make it disadvantaged, making it more difficult to survive. This is a process…arrow_forwarddescribe the process of reading a gene and turning it into a protein in a eukaryote.Your first paragraph should summarize transcription and your second paragraph should summarize translation. USE THE FOLLOWING 12 TERMS IN YOUR DECRIPTION: transcription, messenger RNA (mRNA), RNA polymerase, nucleus, ribosome, RNA splicing, exon, intron, translation, cytoplasm, transfer RNA (tRNA), codon.arrow_forwardDetermine the effect of the following mutations on the DNA sequence. In each case, the mutation is described after the sequence (REFER TO THE SUPPLEMENTAL DOCUMENT FOR GUIDANCE TO THIS QUESTION). Adenine nucleotide (A shown in red below) was inserted into the DNA sequence at the position indicated by the arrow). Write out the sequence of the mutated DNA and the protein made from it. What is the effect of this mutation on the protein? (For example, how will the mutation affect the length and sequence of the protein? What about the function of the protein?)arrow_forward
- List and describe the processes that make up the central dogma of biology which provides the path for the flow of genetic information from DNA to the proteins that are synthesized and carry out the functions needed by the cell.arrow_forwardExplain the application of protein engineering in medicine? Please answer at your own words, please.arrow_forwardFor questions 1-4, fill in the DNA, mRNA and/or protein sequence.... For questions 1-4, fill in the DNA, mRNA and/or protein sequence. Fill in the DNA and mRNA three nucleotides (one codon) at a time. Fill in the protein sequence by typing in the amino acid found in the genetic code table. Type in the three letter abbreviation. For example, type in "Met" instead of "Methioine". For the stop codon, type in "stop". Capitalization doesn't matter when filling in the sequences of the amino acids. You will need to have a copy of the genetic code handy when completing this activity. Remember The two DNA strands must be complementary. That is, A pairs with T and C pairs with G. The template strand of DNA is transcribed into mRNA using our base-pairing rules. When making RNA, U is used in place of T. This means that if there is an A in the template DNA strand, there will be a U in the mRNA strand. Each codon (3 nucleotides) of the mRNA is translated into an amino acid to build a protein. Look…arrow_forward
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