Concept explainers
To summarize:
Glycolysis, including where it occurs in a cell if it requires oxygen, the substrate and final product, and the formation of energy containing molecules (ATP, NADH, FADH2).
Concept introduction:
Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen and energy is released in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). It occurs in two steps; glycolysis and Kreb’s cycle. In glycolysis, glucose is broken down into pyruvate. This pyruvate is fully oxidized in the mitochondria during Kreb’s cycle. The process of glycolysis was given and described by Embden, Meyerhof, and Parnas. It involves the splitting of one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid or pyruvate. In this process, the energy produced is in the form of ATP and NADH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 3 Solutions
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY: AN INTEGRATIVE A
- Discuss, with reference to the biological roles of glucose and oxygen, the full process of aerobic respiration. Show clear detail of all the steps of aerobic respiration, the key products as well as the specific locations of the stages in the cell. Use key terminology and good detail.arrow_forwardCompare the three modes of ATP synthesis: Oxidative phosphorylation, Photophosphorylation, Substrate level phosphorylation. Including description of how each works, the different components and how they interact to synthesize ATP, the major molecules involved, and any energy transformations and their uses.arrow_forwardExplain what occurs during glycolysis, the Krebs (citric acid) cycle, and electron transport chain by describing the following. The location of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain Energy investment and products of glycolysis The cyclic nature of the reactions in the Krebs cycle and the function of energy molecules and electron carriers The movement of electrons in the electron transport chain, the role of oxygen, and chemiosomotic production of ATParrow_forward
- Briefly describe the steps in catabolism of glucose; showing the location where each step happens in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.arrow_forwardSeveral general characteristics of metabolic reactions or reaction pathways are listed. Classify them into the appropriate metabolic category. utilize ATP Anabolism convert NAD+ to NADH convert small compounds to larger compounds Answer Bank convert NADPH to NADP+ generally exergonic (spontaneous) Catabolism convert large compounds to smaller compoundsarrow_forwardClassify the following into either activation processes or inhibitions processes. Process Phosphorylation of a transport protein (i.e. pump) The binding of a substrate molecule at the active site of an enzyme The binding of a molecule at the active site of an enzyme, but in place of the substrate The allosteric binding of ATP to the phosphofructokinase (an enzyme part of glycolysis)arrow_forward
- Describe in detail.arrow_forwardDraw all the steps in glycolysis, including: names and structures of all metabolites, names of enzyme(s) responsible for each step, and an indication of whether each step is reversible or not.arrow_forwardCellular Respiration and Fermentation cellular respiration can occur with (aerobic) or without (anaerobic) the presence of oxygen. Briefly differentiate between the two processes, including the reactants and products of both and the relative energy yield. Under what condition might our own cells use anaerobic respiration and why? Describe an example where humans commercially utilize anaerobic respiration; be specific about the purpose, the organisms used and the products.arrow_forward
- Review your understanding of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation by classifying each characteristic below according to its pathway for cellular energy transfer. Enzyme location: Mitochondrial matrix Final product: Pyruvate (under aerobic conditions) Entering substrates: Acetyl coenzyme A and some amino acid intermediates ATP production: 3 ATP from each NADH + H+ and 2 ATP from each FADH2 Entering substrates: glucose and other monosaccharides Final product 2 CO2 for each acetyl coenzyme A Final product: Intermediates used for amino acid/organic molecule synthesis Enzyme location: Cytosol Coenzyme production: 3 NADH + 3H- and 1 FADH2 Coenzyme production: 2 NADH + 2 H (under aerobic conditions) ATP production: 2 per glucose molecule ATP production: 1 GTP formed directly can be converted to ATP Entering substrates Hydrogen ions and molecular oxygen Final product H2O - one molecule for each pair of hydrogen ions Enzyme location: Inner mitochondrial membrane Final…arrow_forwardDiscuss with reference to the biological role of glucose and oxygen, the process of aerobic cellular respiration. Add details regarding the 4 stages. Glycolysis, link reaction, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain. Also add the significance of the role of oxygen.arrow_forwardReview the following statements and discuss whether each one is correct, incorrect or partially correct: Con In the presence of oxygen glycolysis can yield a net production of 6 molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose. In the presence of oxygen glycolysis can yield a net production of 8 molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose. In the absence of oxygen glycolysis can yield a net production of 2 molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose. In the absence of oxygen glycolysis can yield a net production of 4 molecules of ATP per molecule of glucosearrow_forward
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education