Human Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780805382952
Author: Erin C. Amerman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 3, Problem 15CYR
Each of the following statements about protein synthesis is false. Correct each to make a true statement.
a. In a gene, each
b. A transcription factor must bind to the promoter region of a gene before the enzyme DNA synthetase is able to bind and begin transcription.
c. The enzyme RNA polymerase builds a strand of transfer RNA, whose codons are complementary to DNA’s triplets.
d. Proteins destined for secretion from the cell enter the nucleus after translation, to be folded and modified.
e. During translation, amino acids are delivered by the messenger RNA transcript.
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For each of the following, identify the type of RNA involved (mRNA, rRNA, or tRNA). a. Transports the correct amino acid to the ribosome, using the information encoded in the mRNA. b. Is a major component of ribosomes. c. Specifies the order of amino acids in a protein, using a series of three-base codons, where different amino acids are specified by particular codons. d. Contains a three-base anticodon that pairs with a complementary codon revealed in the mRNA. e. Assists in making the bonds that link amino acids together to make a protein.
Hydrogen bonds are important in DNA replication and transcription. They are relatively weak chemical bonds. Why is this a desirable feature for DNA?
Describe the effect (s) of changing (mutating) the promoter on the transcription of the DNA strand/gene the promoter controls.
What happens to protein synthesis if a nonsense codon is inserted into the gene?
Explain why a point mutation does not necessarily change the original amino acid sequence. (Explain silent mutations)
Choose any pentapeptide composed of five different amino acids. List the amino acids. Present one messenger RNA codon for each amino acids and the sequence of nucleotides on the DNA that originally coded for your pentapeptide.
Please consider the figure below.
a. Give the name of the process illustrated in the figure.
b. If this is part of the elongation stage, explain what is going to happen next. Use the labels, A, B and/or C to answer the question.
c. What type of enzyme is involved in the process described in (b)?
d. What terminus of the protein is represented by label A?
Chapter 3 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 3.1 - What are the general functions of cells?
Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 2QCCh. 3.1 - Where are intracellular and extracellular fluids...Ch. 3.2 - How do the phospholipids arrange themselves in the...Ch. 3.2 - 2. How is the plasma membrane described according...Ch. 3.2 - List five functions of membrane proteins.Ch. 3.2 - What roles do cholesterol, glycoproteins, and...Ch. 3.3 - The energy for passive processes comes from the...Ch. 3.3 - Mark each of the following statements as true or...Ch. 3.3 - Simple diffusion is a passive process, but...
Ch. 3.3 - Mark each of the following statements as true or...Ch. 3.3 - Mark each of the following statements as true or...Ch. 3.3 - How does the process of primary active transport...Ch. 3.3 - What is the main primary active transport pump in...Ch. 3.3 - Describe the process of secondary active...Ch. 3.3 - What are the three types of endocytosis, and how...Ch. 3.3 - Explain the basic process of exocytosis.Ch. 3.4 - 1. Identify the properties listed in the next...Ch. 3.4 - Identify the following properties as belonging to...Ch. 3.4 - To what destinations can products from the Golgi...Ch. 3.5 - Prob. 1QCCh. 3.5 - Prob. 2QCCh. 3.5 - Prob. 3QCCh. 3.6 - 1. What are the main components of the nucleus?...Ch. 3.6 - What is chromatin? How are chromatin and...Ch. 3.6 - 3. What is a nucleolus, and what is its...Ch. 3.7 - How is a codon related to a triplet?Ch. 3.7 - 2. Describe the basic steps of transcription.
Ch. 3.7 - Explain how tRNA acts as the translator of the...Ch. 3.7 - Describe the basic steps of translation.Ch. 3.7 - 5. Why is posttranslational modification...Ch. 3.7 - 6. Why is it important to regulate gene...Ch. 3.8 - What happens during each stage of the cell cycle?Ch. 3.8 - What does semiconservative replication mean?Ch. 3.8 - Describe the changes in the cell that take place...Ch. 3.8 - What are four external factors that play a role in...Ch. 3 - Which of the following is not a basic function...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2CYRCh. 3 - What are the two fluid compartments in the body,...Ch. 3 - 4. Which of the following best describes the...Ch. 3 - Mark the following statements about the plasma...Ch. 3 - 6. What is the primary difference between active...Ch. 3 - 7. Match the term with its appropriate...Ch. 3 - 8. Fill in the blanks: A hypotonic solution will...Ch. 3 - 9. Match the following terms with the correct...Ch. 3 - Prob. 10CYRCh. 3 - Mark the following statements about the...Ch. 3 - 12. Our somatic cells’ DNA is distributed among...Ch. 3 - Explain how and why chromatin is condensed in the...Ch. 3 - Which of the following statements correctly...Ch. 3 - Each of the following statements about protein...Ch. 3 - Number the following steps of protein synthesis in...Ch. 3 - Which of the following is not a phase of mitosis?...Ch. 3 - 18. Why is regulation of the cell cycle...Ch. 3 - 19. Mark the following statements about the cell...Ch. 3 - 20. Match the following terms with the correct...Ch. 3 - 1. Write a single sentence, using no more than 25...Ch. 3 - 2. Certain diseases are transmitted via...Ch. 3 - 3. Explain how the form of each of the following...Ch. 3 - Certain types of cancerous lung tumors can secrete...Ch. 3 - Why do you think the rate of cell division is...Ch. 3 - 1. A patient is admitted to the hospital and...Ch. 3 - A popular science fiction program once had an...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3AYKACh. 3 - Prob. 4AYKACh. 3 - 5. Explain how buffer systems in the body work if...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Please consider the figure below. a. Give the name of the process illustrated in the figure. b. If this is part of the elongation stage, explain what is going to happen next. Use the labels, A, B, C and/or D to answer the question. C. What terminus of the protein is represented by the amino acid represented by label D?arrow_forwardNumber the following steps of protein synthesis in the order in which they occur, starting with 1 and ending with 9.a. _____ The stop codon is reached, and the polypeptide is released.b. _____ The small ribosomal subunit finds the start codon, and the large ribosomal subunit joins.c. _____ The end of the gene is reached, and the pre-mRNA is released and then edited.d. _____ The transcription factor binds the promoter.e. _____ The protein is folded and modified to become functional.f. _____ RNA polymerase builds the mRNA transcript.g. _____ mRNA and initiator tRNA bind the small ribosomal subunit.h. _____ New tRNA molecules are brought into the A site successively, and the peptide chain of the tRNA in the P site is joined to the amino acid of the tRNA in the A site.i. _____ mRNA exits the nucleus via a nuclear pore.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are NOT true? A. Replication is the process of making DNA and takes place in the nucleus of prokaryotic cells. B. Translation produces a polypeptide that may require additional processing to become a functional protein C. Transcription starts at the promoter of eukaryotic cells and scans until reaches the start codon. D. Splicing results in exons being put together and introns being removedarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements are accurate descriptions of the genetic code? MARK ALL THAT APPLY Select one or more: a. The genetic code is made up of triplet nucleotides that specify an amino acid. b. The genetic code is unambiguous because codons only specific a single amino acid. C. The genetic code is read in an overlapping manner. d. The genetic code is redundant because a single codon can specify more than one amino acid. e. Some amino acids are encoded by more than one codon. f. All codons of the genetic code specify amino acids.arrow_forwardStudents are modeling MRNA during the process of protein synthesis. Which answer choice correctly describes the model of the MRNA strand being transcribed? The MRNA strand is complimentary to the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of adenine is paired with thymine. O The MRNA strand is complimentary to the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of thymine is paired with adenine. O The MRNA strand is an exact copy the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of adenine is paired with thymine. The MRNA strand is an exact copy the DNA template strand; however, uracil instead of thymine is paired with adenine. a |理 2 Type here to searcharrow_forwardIndicate the phase of protein synthesis during which each of the following processes occurs: a. A ribosomal subunit binds to a messenger RNA. b. The polypeptide is actually synthesized. c. The ribosome moves along the codon sequence. d. The ribosome dissociates into its subunits.arrow_forward
- The addition of the poly-A tail adds more than 200 units of adenine to the strand of mRNA, yet no protein has a continuous line of more than 200 phenylalanines in its structure. Why is this so? A. RNA splicing occurs and removes the noncoding sequences. B. The poly-A tail and 5' GTP cap do not translate into proteins. C. The adenines are reabsorbed by the cell and help to form other forms of RNA. D. The tRNA does not recognize the poly-A tail.arrow_forwardConsider the following DNA sequence:CATGTGTAGTCTAAAa. Write the sequence of the DNA strand that would be repli-cated from this one.b. Write the sequence of the RNA molecule that would betranscribed from the DNA strand.c. State how many codons the sequence specifies.d. State how many amino acids the sequence specifiesarrow_forwardIn your own wordsarrow_forward
- Put the events of translation in order. A. Ribosome reads the start codon and initites transcription B. The ribosome recruits the correct tRNA to its binding site. C. Peptide bond occurs betweeen two amino acids D. The "empty" tRNA leaves the ribosomesarrow_forwardDuring translation, when a stop codon is read on the mRNA strand at the ribosome... a the mRNA is digested by a protease complex b a repressor attached to the ribosome that inhibits the movement of the ribosome along the mRNA c the enzyme helicase binds to terminate the polypeptide d a release factor enters the A site of the ribosome and stimulates the disassembly of the translation complex Codons are... a triplets coding for a single amino acid. b redundant in their coding for various amino acids. c matched with anticodons during translation d triplets found on transfer RNA Question 6 (1 point) In order to produce many copies of the same protein in a short period of time, the cell uses... a intron self-splicing. b many RNA polymerase molecules to produce multiple mRNA transcripts at the same time. c single-unit ribosomes for high speed translation. d codon-anticodon reciprocal…arrow_forwardAccording to the adaptor hypothesis, is each of the following statements true or false? A. The sequence of anticodons in tRNA directly recognizes codon sequences in mRNA, with some room for wobble. B. The amino acid attached to the tRNA directly recognizes codon sequences in mRNA. C. The amino acid attached to the tRNA affects the binding of the tRNA to a codon sequence in mRNA.arrow_forward
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