Campbell Biology in Focus
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134710679
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Rebecca Orr
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 3, Problem 13TYU
FOCUS ON ORGANIZATION
Proteins, which have diverse functions in a cell, are all
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Amino acids are monomers from which proteins are constructed. Understanding the structure and
characteris-tics of amino acids and the peptide bond that covalently links them to form peptides will
aid in understanding larger, more complex protein structures. Proteins carry out a multitude of different
and important functions. The great variety in function is accomplished through a complex and variable
polymeric structure. Comprehending protein structure will give you a better understanding of how proteins
carry out their roles.
Why
Outcomes
1. Use the acid/base characteristics (pK, data) of the 20 amino acids found in proteins to determine the
charge of an amino acid at a given pH.
2. Determine the pI of a small peptide.
3. Identify the peptide bond and describe the structural features that characterize a peptide bond.
4. Use information processing skills to draw conclusions about chemical characteristics of complex
molecules.
Plan
1. Form teams as instructed.
2. The person whose…
Protein structure is directly related to function. Which of the following statements is true regarding this concept ?
Polypeptide backbone
-CH2 – CH, – CH2- CH2- NH3 0-c- CH -
CH2
lonic bond
Hydrogen !
bond
C- NH2
Disulfide
linkage
CH
CH2
HạC
CH3
CH3
H3C
CH
-CH2
Hydrophobic
interactions
A. The primary structure consists of the DNA sequence. The secondary and tertiary structures are dependent on interactions between the DNA and RNA polymerase. Mutations resulting in changes one or
more bases has the potential to destroy the structure, and therefore the function, of the protein.
B. The primary structure consists of the amino acid sequence. The secondary and tertiary structures are dependent on interactions between the amino acid side chains. Mutations resulting in changes one or more
amino acids has the potential to destroy the structure, and therefore the function, of the protein.
C. The primary structure consists of the DNA sequence. The secondary structure consists of the amino acid…
Identify and describe the polymer structures of a protein that constitutes its unique conformation.
(b) Enzymes function is dependent upon its shape. Identify ONE environmental factor and explain the way in which it affects its function.
refer to picture
Chapter 3 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus
Ch. 3.1 - How are gasoline and fat chemically similar?Ch. 3.1 - Which molecules in Figure 3.4a re isomers? For...Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 3.1 - Prob. 4CCCh. 3.2 - How many molecules of water are needed to...Ch. 3.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose you eat a serving of fish. What...Ch. 3.3 - Write the formula for a monosaccharide that has...Ch. 3.3 - A dehydration reaction joins two glucose molecules...Ch. 3.3 - WHAT IF? After a cow is given antibiotics to treat...Ch. 3.4 - Compare the structure of a fat (triglyceride) with...
Ch. 3.4 - Why are human sex hormones considered lipids?Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 3.5 - Why does a denatured protein no longer function...Ch. 3.5 - What parts of a polypeptide participate in the...Ch. 3.5 - WHAT IF? Where would you expect a polypeptide...Ch. 3.6 - DRAW IT Go to Figure 3.27a and, for the top three...Ch. 3.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 3.7 - How would sequencing the entire genome of an...Ch. 3.7 - Given the function of DNA, why would you expect...Ch. 3 - Which functional group is not present in this...Ch. 3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Which chemical group is most...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 3 - Which of the following statements concerning...Ch. 3 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 3 - The structural level of a protein least a fleeted...Ch. 3 - Enzymes that break down DNA catalyze the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 3 - The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6. What...Ch. 3 - Construct a table that organizes the following...Ch. 3 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 3 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 3 - FOCUS ON ORGANIZATION Proteins, which have diverse...Ch. 3 - Prob. 14TYUCh. 3 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Given that the function...
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- What life uses proteins for? (functions of proteins) Describe protein structures. Describe the alpha helix and the beta sheet structure of proteins. Which structure is the most important in the function of a protein? Describe what can affect the protein structure. Why the structure of a protein is important?arrow_forwardDescribe the four levels of protein structures. Include information about the bond between amino acids, and for the third level of protein structure, discuss the other types of bond found there. Make sure you include hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and an example of covalent bonding. Explain why not all proteins form a quaternary structure.arrow_forwardProvide the smallest molecular unit of most lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Keep in mind that lipids are a little tricky.arrow_forward
- Determine whether the following statements describing protein structures is correct or incorrect. CORRECT INCORRECT Proteins in a primary structure consist of a simple polypeptide chain. Interactions between the R groups in amino acids form tertiary structure. Secondary structures are formed by multiple polypeptide chains The two types of secondary structures are the alpha and beta pleated sheetsarrow_forwardSelect the true statements about protein secondary structure. In an a-helix, the side chains are located on the outside of the helix. The secondary level of protein structure refers to the spatial arrangements of short segments of the protein. In a B-pleated sheet, the side chains are located between adjacent segments. Peptide bonds stabilize secondary structure. The x-helix is held together by hydrogen bonds between the amide N-H and C=O groups. Incorrectarrow_forwardWhich statement about quaternary structure is TRUE? Quaternary structure is unaffected by acids or heat. Quaternary structure is determined by the same interaction that holds an α-helix together. Quaternary structure is how prosthetic groups are held in a protein. Quaternary structure is the position of subunits in the overall structure of a protein. All proteins have quaternary structurearrow_forward
- Explain Four Levels of Protein Structure with examples and talk about the importance of each structure (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary structure). With photos pleasearrow_forwardProtein structures have several different levels of organization. In the space below indicate the type of molecular bonds that can contribute to each level of organization: primary- secondary- tertiary- quarternary-arrow_forwardDiscuss using your own words and illustrations the organisation of a protein, from its linear amino acid sequence, to its final three–dimensional configuration, which may include one or more polypeptides. Include what types of bonds help to stabilise each structural level, from primary through quaternary structure.arrow_forward
- Can you help me to explain to me?arrow_forwardwhich of the following is correct about the structure of proteins? a- the number of peptide bonds is equivalent to the number of amino acid residues b- the secondary structure of proteins are mostly stabilized by hydrophobic interactions c- protiens mostly composed of polar amino acids will have an elongated (fibrous) tertiary structure d- the quaternary structure of a protein is formed between or among similar polypeptides onlyarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about protein is correct? (Choose three). * During polypeptide bond formation, the hydroxyl group is lost from its carboxyl group of one amino acid and a hydrogen atom is lost from its amino group of another amino acid Amino acid sequence of a protein determines its three-dimensional shape. pH change, organic solvents, heat, and chaperones are the factors responsible for the denaturation of proteins. Secondary protein structures such as alpha helices and beta pleated sheets are formed by multiple polypeptide chains. Different amino acids contain different side chains which make them unique.arrow_forward
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