Human Anatomy & Physiology Plus Modified Mastering A&P with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package 11th edition
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780135175040
Author: Marieb
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 3, Problem 12RQ
A physiologist observes that the concentration of sodium inside a cell is decidedly lower than that outside the cell. She also observes that there is a small leakage of sodium into the cell. What cellular process prevents the sodium concentration gradient from disappearing? (a) osmosis, (b) diffusion, (c) primary active transport, (d) secondary active transport.
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All of the following are passive membrane transport processes except: (a) diffusion. (b) facilitated diffusion. (c) vesicular transport. (d) osmosis.
Which of the following statements about the sodium-potassium pump is correct?
A) Both sodium and potassium move down their concentration gradient across the membrane
B) 2 sodium ions are pumped out of the cell against their concentration gradient
C) The sodium-potassium pump is a type of cotransport.
D) ATP is used as an energy source
A blood cell with a 2% internal solute concentration is placed in a solution that has a 0.2% solute concentration. The solute is impermeable to the plasma membrane.
How would you classify the solution compared to the cell – hypotonic, hypertonic or isotonic? Why? (2 pts.)
B) Will the solutes move across the membrane? Why or why not?
C) What type of transport would occur in this situation – diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, active transport or bulk transport. Explain.
D) What would happen if the cell began to produce a new membrane protein that allowed the solutes to freely move in across the membrane? ould this change your answer to Part C? Explain.
Chapter 3 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology Plus Modified Mastering A&P with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package 11th edition
Ch. 3 - Prob. 1RQCh. 3 - 2. The major types of lipid found in the plasma...Ch. 3 - 3. Membrane junctions that allow nutrients or ions...Ch. 3 - Prob. 4RQCh. 3 - A physiologist observes that the concentration of...Ch. 3 - 8. The endocytotic process in which a sampling of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 6RQCh. 3 - 11. The information sequence that determines the...Ch. 3 - 13. The phase of mitosis during which centrioles...Ch. 3 - 15. The RNA synthesized on one of the DNA strands...
Ch. 3 - 16. The RNA species that travels from the nucleus...Ch. 3 - 17. If DNA has a sequence of AAA, then a segment...Ch. 3 - 18. A nerve cell and a lymphocyte are presumed to...Ch. 3 - 19. A pancreas cell makes proteins (enzymes) that...Ch. 3 - 21. Contrast the roles of ER-bound ribosomes with...Ch. 3 - Prob. 11RQCh. 3 - 24. Comment on the role of the sodium-potassium...Ch. 3 - 25. Differentiate between primary and secondary...Ch. 3 - 26. Cell division typically yields two daughter...Ch. 3 - 2. A “red-hot” bacterial infection of the...Ch. 3 - 3. Two examples of chemotherapeutic drugs (drugs...Ch. 3 - 5. In their anatomy lab, many students are exposed...Ch. 3 - 6. Dynein is missing from the cilia and flagella...Ch. 3 - 7. Explain why alcoholics are likely to have much...Ch. 3 - 8. Fresh water is a precious natural resource in...
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- Which statements are consistent with the known facts about membrane transport? (a) Active transport moves a substance from a region in which its concentration is lower to one in which its concentration is higher. (b) Transport does not involve any pores or channels in membranes. (c) Transport proteins may be involved in bringing substances into cells.arrow_forwardIn terms of their effect on the rate of diffusion, which of the following is the odd one out? a) increasing surface area of the membrane b) increasing the permeability of the membrane c) increasing the concentration gradient of the diffusing molecule d) increasing the molecular weight of the diffusing moleculearrow_forwardFactors that affect the rate of diffusion through a membrane include all of the following EXCEPT: a)membrane surface area. b) molecular weight. c) availability of energy. d) steepness of concentration gradient.arrow_forward
- In terms of their effect on the rate of diffusion, which of the following is the odd one out? a) decreasing the surface area of the membrane b) decreasing membrane permeability c) decreasing lipid solubility of the diffusing molecule d) decreasing the concentration gradient of the diffusing molecule e) decreasing the thickness of the membranearrow_forwardA dehydrated runner drinks a lot of water after a race. His cells become rehydrated after drinking water because (a) The bloodstream is hypotonic compared to the contents of the digestive tract. (b) The contents of the digestive tract are hypotonic to the bloodstream. (c) The contents of the bloodstream and digestive tract are isotonic to each other. (d) Water will diffuse from a low concentration to a high concentration. (e) The contents of the digestive tract are hypertonic to the bloodstream. Explain your answerarrow_forwardWhich of the following is true of exocytosis, but not true of facilitated diffusion? Select all that apply. A) Involves transport vesicles B) May be used to move a hydrophilic substance to the other side of the membrane C) Requires energy D) Always moves a substance down its concentration gradient E) Always results in a substance exiting from the cell .arrow_forward
- Which of the following processes requires the cell to expend metabolic energy directly (e.g., from ATP)? (a) osmosis (b) facilitated diffusion (c) all forms of carrier-mediated transport (d) active transport (e) simple diffusionarrow_forwardIf a solute to be transported across the plasma membrane is a much larger molecule than an ion or glucose and more like a biopolymer or a dangerous digestive enzyme or a drop of proteins, cells use a completely different type of transport mechanism called ……………………………arrow_forward11. Which of the following would indicate that facilitated diffusion was taking place? A) A substance was moving from a region of low concentration into a region of higher concentration. B) Substances were moving against the diffusion gradient. C) A substance was slowing as it moved down its concentration gradient. D) ATP was being rapidly consumed as the substance moved. E) A substance was diffusing much faster than the physical condition indicated it should. 12. Osmosis, the diffusion of water is distinct from the diffusion of oxygen because water is a solvent. b. water is non-polar. water is a large molecule. d. oxygen is a dissolved gas. oxygen is highly polar. а. с. е. 13. Celery stalks that are immersed in fresh water for several hours become stiff and hard. Similar stalks left in a salt solution become limp and soft. From this we can deduce that the cells of the celery stalks are A) hypertonic to both fresh water and the salt solution. B) hypotonic to both fresh water and the…arrow_forward
- What do facilitated diffusion, primary active transport and secondary active transport have in common? a) their ability to transport molecules depends on a membrane protein b) they utilize energy in the form of ATP to move molecules c) they move small, lipophilic molecules across the membrane d) they can move molecules against a concentration gradientarrow_forwardIn cotransport (indirect active transport) (a) a uniporter moves a solute across a membrane against its concentration gradient (b) the movement of one solute down its concentration gradient provides energy for transport ofsome other solute up its concentration gradient (c) a channel protein moves ions by facilitated diffusion (d) osmosis powers the movement of ions against their concentration gradient (e) sodium is directly transported in one direction, and potassium is indirectly transported in the same directionarrow_forwardGlucose transport across cell membranes varies depending upon blood glucose levels. When glucose levels are high, glucose transport is accomplished via membrane transporters. When glucose concentrations are low, the transport of glucose across the membrane is dependent upon the sodium ion concentration. What types of transport is observed for glucose? A)simple diffusion at high [glucose], secondary active transport at low [glucose] B)facilitated diffusion at high [glucose], secondary active transport at low [glucose] C)simple diffusion at high [glucose], primary active transport at low [glucose] D)facilitated diffusion at high [glucose], primary active transport at low [glucose]arrow_forward
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