Using the given values of bond energy, the electron affinity and the ionization energy of hydrogen to be calculated for the given reactions. Concept introduction: The change in energy for a given chemical equation is the sum of the bond energy, the ionization energy and the electron affinity values of the respective steps involved in the chemical reaction . To determine: The change in energy for the given reaction, H F ( g ) → H + ( g ) + F − ( g ) .
Using the given values of bond energy, the electron affinity and the ionization energy of hydrogen to be calculated for the given reactions. Concept introduction: The change in energy for a given chemical equation is the sum of the bond energy, the ionization energy and the electron affinity values of the respective steps involved in the chemical reaction . To determine: The change in energy for the given reaction, H F ( g ) → H + ( g ) + F − ( g ) .
Definition Definition Transformation of a chemical species into another chemical species. A chemical reaction consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new ones by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
Chapter 3, Problem 125AE
(a)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: Using the given values of bond energy, the electron affinity and the ionization energy of hydrogen to be calculated for the given reactions.
Concept introduction: The change in energy for a given chemical equation is the sum of the bond energy, the ionization energy and the electron affinity values of the respective steps involved in the chemical reaction.
To determine: The change in energy for the given reaction,
HF(g)→H+(g)+F−(g).
(a)
Expert Solution
Answer to Problem 125AE
The change in energy is
1549.2kJmol-1_
Explanation of Solution
Explanation:
The chemical reaction involved is,
HF(g)→H+(g)+F−(g)
The various steps included in the total process are,
HF(g)→H(g)+F(g), bond energy
=565kJmol−1
H(g)→H+(g)+e−, ionization energy
=1312kJmol−1
F(g)+e−→F−(g), electron affinity
=−327.8kJmol−1
The total energy change
=Bondenergy+Ionizationenergy+Electronaffinity=(565+1312−327.8)kJmol−1=1549.2kJmol-1_
Conclusion
The total energy change for a given chemical reaction is the sum of bond energy, the ionization energy and the electron affinity value of the respective steps involved in the reaction.
(b)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: Using the given values of bond energy, the electron affinity and the ionization energy of hydrogen to be calculated for the given reactions.
Concept introduction: The change in energy for a given chemical equation is the sum of the bond energy, the ionization energy and the electron affinity values of the respective steps involved in the chemical reaction.
To determine: The change in energy for the given reaction,
HCl(g)→H+(g)+Cl−(g).
(b)
Expert Solution
Answer to Problem 125AE
The change in energy is
1391kJmol-1_
Explanation of Solution
The chemical reaction involved is,
HCl(g)→H+(g)+Cl−(g)
The various steps included in the total process are,
HCl(g)→H(g)+Cl(g), bond energy
=427kJmol−1
H(g)→H+(g)+e−, ionization energy
=1312kJmol−1
Cl(g)+e−→Cl−(g), electron affinity
=−348kJmol−1
The total energy change
=Bondenergy+Ionizationenergy+Electronaffinity=(427+1312−348)kJmol−1=1391kJmol-1_
Conclusion
The total energy change for a given chemical reaction is the sum of bond energy, the ionization energy and the electron affinity value of the respective steps involved in the reaction.
(c)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: Using the given values of bond energy, the electron affinity and the ionization energy of hydrogen to be calculated for the given reactions.
Concept introduction: The change in energy for a given chemical equation is the sum of the bond energy, the ionization energy and the electron affinity values of the respective steps involved in the chemical reaction.
To determine: The change in energy for the given reaction,
HI(g)→H+(g)+I−(g).
(c)
Expert Solution
Answer to Problem 125AE
The change in energy is
1312kJmol-1_.
Explanation of Solution
The chemical reaction involved is,
HI(g)→H+(g)+I−(g)
The various steps included in the total process are,
HI(g)→H(g)+I(g), bond energy
=295kJmol−1
H(g)→H+(g)+e−, ionization energy
=1312kJmol−1
I(g)+e−→I−(g), electron affinity
=−295kJmol−1
The total energy change
=Bondenergy+Ionizationenergy+Electronaffinity=(295+1312−295)kJmol−1=1312kJmol-1_
Conclusion
The total energy change for a given chemical reaction is the sum of bond energy, the ionization energy and the electron affinity value of the respective steps involved in the reaction.
(d)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: Using the given values of bond energy, the electron affinity and the ionization energy of hydrogen to be calculated for the given reactions.
Concept introduction: The change in energy for a given chemical equation is the sum of the bond energy, the ionization energy and the electron affinity values of the respective steps involved in the chemical reaction.
To determine: The change in energy for the given reaction,
H2O(g)→H+(g)+OH−(g).
(d)
Expert Solution
Answer to Problem 125AE
The change in energy is
1599kJmol-1_.
Explanation of Solution
The chemical reaction involved is,
H2O(g)→H+(g)+OH−(g)
The various steps included in the total process are,
H2O(g)→H(g)+OH(g), bond energy
=467kJmol−1
H(g)→H+(g)+e−, ionization energy
=1312kJmol−1
OH(g)+e−→OH−(g), electron affinity
=−180kJmol−1
The total energy change
=Bondenergy+Ionizationenergy+Electronaffinity=(467+1312−180)kJmol−1=1599kJmol-1_
Conclusion
The total energy change for a given chemical reaction is the sum of bond energy, the ionization energy and the electron affinity value of the respective steps involved in the reaction.
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b) Certain cyclic compounds are known to be conformationally similar to carbohydrates, although they are not
themselves carbohydrates. One example is Compound C shown below, which could be imagined as adopting
four possible conformations. In reality, however, only one of these is particularly stable. Circle the conformation
you expect to be the most stable, and provide an explanation to justify your choice. For your explanation to be
both convincing and correct, it must contain not only words, but also "cartoon" orbital drawings contrasting the
four structures.
Compound C
Possible conformations (circle one):
Дет
Lab Data
The distance entered is out of the expected range.
Check your calculations and conversion factors.
Verify your distance. Will the gas cloud be closer to the cotton ball with HCI or NH3?
Did you report your data to the correct number of significant figures?
- X
Experimental Set-up
HCI-NH3
NH3-HCI
Longer Tube
Time elapsed (min)
5 (exact)
5 (exact)
Distance between cotton balls (cm)
24.30
24.40
Distance to cloud (cm)
9.70
14.16
Distance traveled by HCI (cm)
9.70
9.80
Distance traveled by NH3 (cm)
14.60
14.50
Diffusion rate of HCI (cm/hr)
116
118
Diffusion rate of NH3 (cm/hr)
175.2
175.2
How to measure distance and calculate rate
For the titration of a divalent metal ion (M2+) with EDTA, the stoichiometry of the reaction is typically:
1:1 (one mole of EDTA per mole of metal ion)
2:1 (two moles of EDTA per mole of metal ion)
1:2 (one mole of EDTA per two moles of metal ion)
None of the above
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