Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134396026
Author: Frederic H. Martini, Judi L. Nath, Edwin F. Bartholomew
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 29, Problem 21CP
What is the difference between colostrum and breast milk?
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Kinetics: One-Compartment First-Order Absorption
1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple routes of administration provides greater insight than a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250-g rats following bolus IV, oral (PO), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.
Using this data and set of graphs, determine:(calculate for each variable)
(a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data
(b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data
c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data
(d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip
(e)absolute ip bioavailability, Fip
(f) absolute po bioavailability, Fpo
3. A promising new drug is being evaluated in human trials. Based on preliminary human tests, this drug is most effective when plasma levels exceed 30 mg/L. Measurements from preliminary tests indicate the following human pharmacokinetic parameter values: t1/2,elim = 4.6hr, t1/2,abs = 0.34hr, VD = 0.29 L/kg, Foral = 72%. Based on these parameters, estimate the following if a 49 kg woman were to receive a 1000mg oral dose of this drug:
(a) Estimate the plasma concentration of the drug at 1hr, 6 hr, and 20hr after taking the drug ( Concentration estimate)
(b) Estimate the time for maximum plasma concentration (tmax).
(c) Estimate the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax).
(d) Estimate the time at which the plasma level first rises above 30 mg/L. (Note this is a trial and error problem where you must guess a time, plug it into the concentration equation, and determine if it is close to 30 mg/L. Hint: based on part (a) it should be apparent that the answer is less than 1hr.)
(e)…
Chapter 29 Solutions
Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 29 - Define differentiation.Ch. 29 - What event marks the onset of development?Ch. 29 - Define inheritance.Ch. 29 - Prob. 4CPCh. 29 - Prob. 5CPCh. 29 - Define gestation.Ch. 29 - Characterize the key features of each trimester.Ch. 29 - What is the developmental fate of the inner cell...Ch. 29 - Improper development of which of the...Ch. 29 - Prob. 10CP
Ch. 29 - Prob. 11CPCh. 29 - Prob. 12CPCh. 29 - Prob. 13CPCh. 29 - Prob. 14CPCh. 29 - Prob. 15CPCh. 29 - Prob. 16CPCh. 29 - Prob. 17CPCh. 29 - Prob. 18CPCh. 29 - Prob. 19CPCh. 29 - Prob. 20CPCh. 29 - What is the difference between colostrum and...Ch. 29 - Prob. 22CPCh. 29 - Describe the relationship between genotype and...Ch. 29 - Prob. 24CPCh. 29 - Prob. 25CPCh. 29 - Prob. 26CPCh. 29 - The chorionic villi (a) form the umbilical cord,...Ch. 29 - Identify the two extra-embryonic membranes and the...Ch. 29 - The hormone that is the basis for a pregnancy test...Ch. 29 - Recessive X-linked traits (a) are passed from...Ch. 29 - Prob. 5RQCh. 29 - Prob. 6RQCh. 29 - Prob. 7RQCh. 29 - If an allele must be present on both the maternal...Ch. 29 - Prob. 9RQCh. 29 - (a) What are the four extra-embryonic membranes?...Ch. 29 - Prob. 11RQCh. 29 - List the factors involved in initialing labor...Ch. 29 - Identify the three life stages that occur between...Ch. 29 - What hormonal events are responsible for puberty?...Ch. 29 - A normally pigmented woman whose father was an...Ch. 29 - Prob. 16RQCh. 29 - Prob. 17RQCh. 29 - After implantation, how does the developing embryo...Ch. 29 - Name the primary placental hormones and their...Ch. 29 - Prob. 20RQCh. 29 - During true labor, what physiological mechanisms...Ch. 29 - What physiological adjustments must an infant make...Ch. 29 - Distinguish between the following paired terms:...Ch. 29 - Indicate the type of inheritance involved in each...Ch. 29 - Hemophilia A, a condition in which blood does not...Ch. 29 - Joe and Jane desperately want to have children,...Ch. 29 - Alina has just given birth to a little girl. When...Ch. 29 - Prob. 28RQCh. 29 - Prob. 1CCCh. 29 - Are Hans and Willem monozygotic twins or dizygotic...
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- Select a diet and give a summary of the main components. Do a web search of the diet and choose one link that provides misinformation. Explain why the site itself and/or the information on the site is not credible. This should be a report. This site should be different from U.S News and World Report. For full credit, you must include the following information and elaborate in detail: The diet name The main components of the diet The misinformation website and link What misinformation is being provided in the other website and how did you determine it was not credible?arrow_forward1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple different routes of administration provides greater insight than just a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250 g rats following bolus iv, oral (po), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.Using this data and set of graphs, determine: (a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data (b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data (c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data (d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip (e) absolute po bioavailability, (f)Fpo absolute ip bioavailability, Fip MAKE SURE ANSWERS HAVE UNITS if appropriate. SHOW ALL WORK, including equation used, variables used and each step to your solution.arrow_forward2. Drug quantification from plasma is commonly performed by using techniques such as HPLC or LC/MS. However, these methods do have limitations, and investigators may choose to use a radiolabeled analog of a drug instead. Radioligands are molecules that contain radioactive isotopes, commonly 3H or 14C. This technique allows investigators to quantify drug concentration from radiation measurements. The following measurements were made in 250 g rats following oral administration of 18.2 µCi of a 14C-labeled drug of interest: Time (min) Plasma Radiation Levels (µCi/L) 0 0.0 2 9.7 4 19.2 7 25.3 9 37.8 12 39.6 14 45.8 17 48.8 20 52.0 25 56.4 30 59.2 35 60.1 40 61.1 45 62.1 50 62.8 60 63.1 70 62.1 80 60.1 90 57.3 100 55.5 110 53.7 120 52.2 150 48.0 180 45.0 240 39.0 Note that a µCi is a measure of the amount of radioactivity and hence is a measure of the amount of drug present. Given that the oral bioavailability of this drug is known to be essentially 100%, estimate the following from this…arrow_forward
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