BIOLOGY: ESSENTIALS >LL< W/ CONNECT
BIOLOGY: ESSENTIALS >LL< W/ CONNECT
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781260635379
Author: Hoefnagels
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 29, Problem 1SL
Summary Introduction

To determine:

The two websites that support and refutes the statement “cancer-causing ingredients in vaccines harm children.”

Introduction:

Vaccines are the biological preparation that provides immunity against a particular disease. Vaccines mainly consist of the killed microbial agent, its toxin, or any of its surface protein, which causes the disease.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The two websites that support and refutes the statement “A parent’s choice not to vaccinate a child will not affect unrelated individuals.”

Introduction:

Vaccination is the process by which a child or an adult takes the vaccine to prevent serious disease caused by an organism in the future. The vaccine contains the inactive form of microbe against which the human body produces antibodies. These antibodies prevent the individual from the disease.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The two websites that support and refutes the statement “Memory cells derived from an actual illness are more powerful than memory cells derived from a vaccine”.

Introduction:

Memory cells produce the antibodies against the specific antigen on re-exposure of that antigen. The memory cells identify the antigen as foreign material and produce a large number of antibodies that prevent the body from the serious infection.

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A sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation?   The cell membranes are more resistant than normal.   An isotonic solution had been added instead of water.   A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water.   Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet.   The man had sickle-cell anaemia.
A sample of blood was taken from the above individual and prepared for haemoglobin analysis. However, when water was added the cells did not lyse and looked normal in size and shape. The technician suspected that they had may have made an error in the protocol – what is the most likely explanation?   The cell membranes are more resistant than normal.   An isotonic solution had been added instead of water.   A solution of 0.1 M NaCl had been added instead of water.   Not enough water had been added to the red blood cell pellet.   The man had sickle-cell anaemia.
With reference to their absorption spectra of the oxy haemoglobin intact line) and deoxyhemoglobin (broken line) shown in Figure 2 below, how would you best explain the reason why there are differences in the major peaks of the spectra? Figure 2. SPECTRA OF OXYGENATED AND DEOXYGENATED HAEMOGLOBIN OBTAINED WITH THE RECORDING SPECTROPHOTOMETER 1.4 Abs < 0.8 06 0.4 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 nm 1. The difference in the spectra is due to a pH change in the deoxy-haemoglobin due to uptake of CO2- 2. There is more oxygen-carrying plasma in the oxy-haemoglobin sample. 3. The change in Mr due to oxygen binding causes the oxy haemoglobin to have a higher absorbance peak. 4. Oxy-haemoglobin is contaminated by carbaminohemoglobin, and therefore has a higher absorbance peak 5. Oxy-haemoglobin absorbs more light of blue wavelengths and less of red wavelengths than deoxy-haemoglobin
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