Human Anatomy & Physiology Plus Mastering A&P with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (11th Edition) (What's New in Anatomy & Physiology)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134756363
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 29, Problem 11RQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The pedigree and display the
Introduction:
Syndactyly refers to the condition in which two more digits are united together and is observed in mammals like siamang. This condition is an unusual condition in humans. This condition can be either complex or simple. In simple one, the neighboring fingers are connected soft tissue while in complex one, the bones of the nearby digits are joined. This condition is seen in Paul, his three brothers, his father, and his paternal grandmother.
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A couple enters your genetic counseling clinic for some family planning advice. The woman’s father was color blind, but her own vision is normal. The man has no family history of color blindness. Neither the man nor woman have any known history of hemophilia, but their first child (a boy) has hemophilia. They ask you to calculate the chance that their nextchild will be affected by one or both conditions. You remember from your genetics training that these are both X-linked recessive conditions and that they are closely linked: in fact, their genetic loci are separated by only 10cM! During the interview with this couple, you draw the following pedigree to represent their information. Given what you know, determine for this couple what chance they have of each of the following (in the table).
1. Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating X-linked recessive disease that causes muscle wasting and is eventually fatal. Meredith’s brother Craig has DMD but Meredith is healthy.
You may find it beneficial to draw the family pedigree.
a) What is the simple probability (as a percentage) that Meredith is a carrier of a mutation causing DMD?
b) Meredith herself has two healthy children, a boy and a girl. Is this anterior (ancestral) or posterior (modifying) information?
c) If Meredith IS a carrier for DMD (i.e. scenario A is correct), what is the probability (as a percentage) of her having these two healthy children?
In human beings, the gene for red‑green colorblindness (r) is sex‑linked and recessive to its allele for normal vision (R), while the gene for freckles (F) is autosomal and dominant over its allele for nonfreckled (f). A nonfreckled, normal‑visioned woman whose father was freckled and colorblind, marries a freckled, colorblind man whose mother was nonfreckled.
What is the genotype of the woman's father?
What is the probability that the couple's first child will be a non-freckled, normal visioned girl?
What is the probability that the first two children born to the couple will be freckled and colorblind girls?
Chapter 29 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology Plus Mastering A&P with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (11th Edition) (What's New in Anatomy & Physiology)
Ch. 29 - Match each of the following key terms (ai) with...Ch. 29 - 2. Match the following types of inheritance (key...Ch. 29 - Prob. 3RQCh. 29 - 4. The ability to taste PTC (phenylthiocarbamide)...Ch. 29 - Most children with cystic fibrosis are born to...Ch. 29 - 6. A woman with blood type A has two children. One...Ch. 29 - 7. In skin color inheritance, what will be the...Ch. 29 - 8. Compare and contrast amniocentesis and...Ch. 29 - Prob. 10RQCh. 29 - Prob. 11RQ
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- Pedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. It can also be used to help identify individuals within a family who may be at risk for the trait. Adam and Sarah, a young couple of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, went to a genetic counselor because they were planning a family and wanted to know what their chances were for having a child with a genetic condition. The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. If Sarah carries the mutant cancer allele and Adam carries the mutant heart disease allele, what is the chance that they would have a child who is free of both diseases? Are these good odds?arrow_forwardPedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. It can also be used to help identify individuals within a family who may be at risk for the trait. Adam and Sarah, a young couple of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, went to a genetic counselor because they were planning a family and wanted to know what their chances were for having a child with a genetic condition. The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. Would you want to know the results of the cancer, heart disease, and TSD tests if you were Sarah and Adam? Is it their responsibility as potential parents to gather this type of information before they decide to have a child?arrow_forwardPedigree analysis is a fundamental tool for investigating whether or not a trait is following a Mendelian pattern of inheritance. It can also be used to help identify individuals within a family who may be at risk for the trait. Adam and Sarah, a young couple of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, went to a genetic counselor because they were planning a family and wanted to know what their chances were for having a child with a genetic condition. The genetic counselor took a detailed family history from both of them and discovered several traits in their respective families. Sarahs maternal family history is suggestive of an autosomal dominant pattern of cancer predisposition to breast and ovarian cancer because of the young ages at which her mother and grandmother were diagnosed with their cancers. If a mutant allele that predisposed to breast and ovarian cancer was inherited in Sarahs family, she, her sister, and any of her own future children could be at risk for inheriting this mutation. The counselor told her that genetic testing is available that may help determine if this mutant allele is present in her family members. Adams paternal family history has a very strong pattern of early onset heart disease. An autosomal dominant condition known as familial hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the large number of deaths from heart disease. As with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, genetic testing is available to see if Adam carries the mutant allele. Testing will give the couple more information about the chances that their children could inherit this mutation. Adam had a first cousin who died from Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a fatal autosomal recessive condition most commonly found in people of Eastern European Jewish descent. Because TSD is a recessively inherited disorder, both of his cousins parents must have been heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele. If that is the case, Adams father could be a carrier as well. If Adams father carries the mutant TSD allele, it is possible that Adam inherited this mutation. Because Sarah is also of Eastern European Jewish ancestry, she could also be a carrier of the gene, even though no one in her family has been affected with TSD. If Adam and Sarah are both carriers, each of their children would have a 25% chance of being afflicted with TSD. A simple blood test performed on both Sarah and Adam could determine whether they are carriers of this mutation. Would you decide to have a child if the test results said that you carry the mutation for breast and ovarian cancer? The heart disease mutation? The TSD mutation? The heart disease and the mutant alleles?arrow_forward
- A proband female with an unidentified disease seeks the advice of a genetic counselor before starting a family. Based on the following data, the counselor constructs a pedigree encompassing three generations: (1) The maternal grandfather of the proband has the disease. (2) The mother of the proband is unaffected and is the youngest of five children, the three oldest being male. (3) The proband has an affected older sister, but the youngest siblings are unaffected twins (boy and girl). (4) All the individuals who have the disease have been revealed. Duplicate the counselors featarrow_forwardThe following pedigree shows the pattern of inheritance of red-green color blindness in a family. Females are shown as circles and males as squares; the squares or circles of individuals affected by the trait are filled in black. What is the chance that a son of the third-generation female indicated by the arrow will be color blind if the father is not color blind? If he is color blind?arrow_forwardPedigree Analysis Is a Basic Method in Human Genetics Using the pedigree provided, answer the following questions. a. Is the proband male or female? b. Is the grandfather of the proband affected? c. How many siblings does the proband have, and where is he or she in the birth order?arrow_forward
- In human beings, the gene for red‑green colorblindness (r) is sex‑linked and recessive to its allele for normal vision (R), while the gene for freckles (F) is autosomal and dominant over its allele for nonfreckled (f). A nonfreckled, normal‑visioned woman whose father was freckled and colorblind, marries a freckled, colorblind man whose mother was nonfreckled. What is the probability that the first child born to the couple will either be a freckled, colorblind boy or a non‑freckled, normal visioned girl or a non-freckled, normal visioned boy? What is the probability that the first four children born to the couple will be freckled and normal visioned girls?arrow_forwardDuchenne muscular dystrophy is an X-linked, recessive disorder in which muscles waste away early in life, resulting in death in the teens or twenties. A man and woman in their late thirties have five children—three boys (ages 1, 3, and 10 years) and two girls (ages 5 and 7 years). The oldest, boy shows symptoms of the disease. What are the probabilities that their other children will develop the disease? Give only typing answer with explanation and conclusionarrow_forwardThree recessive mutations in Drosophila melanogaster, roughoid (ru, small rough eyes), javelin (jv, cylindrical bristles), and sepia eyes (se, dark brown eyes) are linked. A three-point cross was carried out and the following progeny obtained: jv+ ru+ se+ 37 jv+ ru+ se 2 jv+ ru se 14 jv+ ru se+ 146 jv ru se+ 2 jv ru se 35 jv ru+ se 154 jv ru+ se+ 10 a. Determine the order of the genes on the chromosome. b. Determine which progeny contain single crossovers and which contain double crossovers and indicate where among the genes the crossovers occurred. c. Calculate the map distances among the genes. d. Calculate the coefficient of coincidence and interference among the genesarrow_forward
- 1). Delilah has normal feet and married Jack, who never ever (ever) took his surf shoes off. Before Jack tragically died from blood loss following an encounter with a white shark in Southern California, Jack and Delilah had three children: 2 girls (1 with purple feet), and one boy with purple feet. Delilah's sister, brother, mother and father, all have normal feet. Construct three pedigrees for Delilah's family and provide genotypes to the best of your knowledge for each individual: a) autosomal recessive b) autosomal dominant c) sex-linked recessivearrow_forwardAn unaffected woman for a human disorder marries and unaffected man and they have children. This results in 3 affected sons, and one unaffected daughter, which ends up having children later on with an unaffected man and has 2 affected sons. A) Draw a simple pedigree diagram for this family, including a legend. B) What is the likely mode of inheritance of this trait: Please explain C) Provide the genotypes of the original mother and the daughter. Use a capital letter for the dominant allele and lowercase letter for the recessive allele. D) If one of the affected sons from the original marriage marries a 2nd cousin that is a carrier of this trait and has children, what is the probability that they will have 3 affected sons?arrow_forwardThe complete absence of one or more teeth (tooth agenesis) is a common trait in humans—indeed, more than 20% of humans lack one or more of their third molars. However, more severe tooth agenesis, defined as the absence of six or more teeth, is less common and is frequently an inherited condition. L. Lammi and colleagues examined tooth agenesis in the Finnish family shown in the pedigree below. Q.If IV-2 married a man who had a full set of teeth, what is the probability that their child would have tooth agenesis?arrow_forward
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