Connect With Learnsmart Labs Online Access For Prescott's Microbiology
Connect With Learnsmart Labs Online Access For Prescott's Microbiology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781260408997
Author: Joanne Willey
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Higher Education (us)
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Chapter 28.1, Problem 2.1CC
Summary Introduction

The growth or development of all the living organisms depends upon the obtainability of mineral nutrients. Nitrogen is a mineral and also a crucial constituent of the bodies of all the living organisms as the nitrogen atoms are present in DNA and all proteins. In the atmosphere, nitrogen exists as nitrogen (N2) gas. During nitrogen fixation, bacteria transform N2 into ammonia. Ammonia is a form of nitrogen, which can be readily used by plants.

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Soil microorganisms, collectively referred to as dizotrophs, fix 90% of the inert nitrogen gas to ammonium and nitrate. There are two-main types of nitrogen-fixing bacteria: free-living (nonsymbiotic) and mutualistic (symbiotic). Describe the mutualistic relationship between Rhizobium and legumes. What is the advantage of using legumes as a cover crop in agricultural systems? A point of interest is that the nitrogenase enzyme complex is highly sensitive to oxygen. This is a major problem for free-living aerobic species such as cyanobacteria and species of the genera Azotobacter and Beiigrinckia. Describe two ways the bacteria can overcome to levels of oxygen in their cells.
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