The given reaction has to be identified as electro cyclic reaction, a cycloaddition reaction or a sigma tropic reaction. Concept introduction: Pericyclic reactions are “ any concerted reaction in which bonds are formed or broken in a cyclic transition state”. There is a single transition state from start to finish, in contrast to a stepwise reaction. There are mainly three types of pericyclic reactions, 1) Electrocyclic reactions 2) Cycloaddition reactions 3) Sigmatropic reactions In an electrocyclic reaction “one new sigma- bond is formed or broken.” In a cycloaddition reaction “ two new sigma-bonds are formed or broken” In a sigmatropic rearrangement reaction “ one new sigma-bond is formed as another breaks.”

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 28.1, Problem 1P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reaction has to be identified as electro cyclic reaction, a cycloaddition reaction or a sigma tropic reaction.

Concept introduction:

Pericyclic reactions are “ any concerted reaction in which bonds are formed or broken in a cyclic transition state”. There is a single transition state from start to finish, in contrast to a stepwise reaction.

There are mainly three types of pericyclic reactions,

1) Electrocyclic reactions

2) Cycloaddition reactions

3) Sigmatropic reactions

In an electrocyclic reaction “one new sigma- bond is formed or broken.”

In a cycloaddition reaction “ two new sigma-bonds are formed or broken”

In a sigmatropic rearrangement reaction “ one new sigma-bond is formed as another breaks.”

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given reaction has to be identified as electro cyclic reaction, a cycloaddition reaction or a sigma tropic reaction.

Concept introduction:

Pericyclic reactions are “ any concerted reaction in which bonds are formed or broken in a cyclic transition state”. There is a single transition state from start to finish, in contrast to a stepwise reaction.

There are mainly three types of pericyclic reactions,

1) Electrocyclic reactions

2) Cycloaddition reactions

3) Sigmatropic reactions

In an electrocyclic reaction “one new sigma- bond is formed or broken.”

In a cycloaddition reaction “ two new sigma-bonds are formed or broken”

In a sigmatropic rearrangement reaction “ one new sigma-bond is formed as another breaks.”

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given reaction has to be identified as electro cyclic reaction, a cycloaddition reaction or a sigma tropic reaction.

Concept introduction:

Pericyclic reactions are “ any concerted reaction in which bonds are formed or broken in a cyclic transition state”. There is a single transition state from start to finish, in contrast to a stepwise reaction.

There are mainly three types of pericyclic reactions,

1) Electrocyclic reactions

2) Cycloaddition reactions

3) Sigmatropic reactions

In an electrocyclic reaction “one new sigma- bond is formed or broken.”

In a cycloaddition reaction “ two new sigma-bonds are formed or broken”

In a sigmatropic rearrangement reaction “ one new sigma-bond is formed as another breaks.”

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given reaction has to be identified as electro cyclic reaction, a cycloaddition reaction or a sigma tropic reaction.

Concept introduction:

Pericyclic reactions are “ any concerted reaction in which bonds are formed or broken in a cyclic transition state”. There is a single transition state from start to finish, in contrast to a stepwise reaction.

There are mainly three types of pericyclic reactions,

1) Electrocyclic reactions

2) Cycloaddition reactions

3) Sigmatropic reactions

In an electrocyclic reaction “one new sigma- bond is formed or broken.”

In a cycloaddition reaction “ two new sigma-bonds are formed or broken”

In a sigmatropic rearrangement reaction “ one new sigma-bond is formed as another breaks.”

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The table includes macrostates characterized by 4 energy levels (&) that are equally spaced but with different degrees of occupation. a) Calculate the energy of all the macrostates (in joules). See if they all have the same energy and number of particles. b) Calculate the macrostate that is most likely to exist. For this macrostate, show that the population of the levels is consistent with the Boltzmann distribution. macrostate 1 macrostate 2 macrostate 3 ε/k (K) Populations Populations Populations 300 5 3 4 200 7 9 8 100 15 17 16 0 33 31 32 DATO: k = 1,38×10-23 J K-1

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 28.1, Problem 1P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reaction has to be identified as electro cyclic reaction, a cycloaddition reaction or a sigma tropic reaction.

Concept introduction:

Pericyclic reactions are “ any concerted reaction in which bonds are formed or broken in a cyclic transition state”. There is a single transition state from start to finish, in contrast to a stepwise reaction.

There are mainly three types of pericyclic reactions,

1) Electrocyclic reactions

2) Cycloaddition reactions

3) Sigmatropic reactions

In an electrocyclic reaction “one new sigma- bond is formed or broken.”

In a cycloaddition reaction “ two new sigma-bonds are formed or broken”

In a sigmatropic rearrangement reaction “ one new sigma-bond is formed as another breaks.”

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given reaction has to be identified as electro cyclic reaction, a cycloaddition reaction or a sigma tropic reaction.

Concept introduction:

Pericyclic reactions are “ any concerted reaction in which bonds are formed or broken in a cyclic transition state”. There is a single transition state from start to finish, in contrast to a stepwise reaction.

There are mainly three types of pericyclic reactions,

1) Electrocyclic reactions

2) Cycloaddition reactions

3) Sigmatropic reactions

In an electrocyclic reaction “one new sigma- bond is formed or broken.”

In a cycloaddition reaction “ two new sigma-bonds are formed or broken”

In a sigmatropic rearrangement reaction “ one new sigma-bond is formed as another breaks.”

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given reaction has to be identified as electro cyclic reaction, a cycloaddition reaction or a sigma tropic reaction.

Concept introduction:

Pericyclic reactions are “ any concerted reaction in which bonds are formed or broken in a cyclic transition state”. There is a single transition state from start to finish, in contrast to a stepwise reaction.

There are mainly three types of pericyclic reactions,

1) Electrocyclic reactions

2) Cycloaddition reactions

3) Sigmatropic reactions

In an electrocyclic reaction “one new sigma- bond is formed or broken.”

In a cycloaddition reaction “ two new sigma-bonds are formed or broken”

In a sigmatropic rearrangement reaction “ one new sigma-bond is formed as another breaks.”

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given reaction has to be identified as electro cyclic reaction, a cycloaddition reaction or a sigma tropic reaction.

Concept introduction:

Pericyclic reactions are “ any concerted reaction in which bonds are formed or broken in a cyclic transition state”. There is a single transition state from start to finish, in contrast to a stepwise reaction.

There are mainly three types of pericyclic reactions,

1) Electrocyclic reactions

2) Cycloaddition reactions

3) Sigmatropic reactions

In an electrocyclic reaction “one new sigma- bond is formed or broken.”

In a cycloaddition reaction “ two new sigma-bonds are formed or broken”

In a sigmatropic rearrangement reaction “ one new sigma-bond is formed as another breaks.”

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 28.1, Problem 1P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reaction has to be identified as electro cyclic reaction, a cycloaddition reaction or a sigma tropic reaction.

Concept introduction:

Pericyclic reactions are “ any concerted reaction in which bonds are formed or broken in a cyclic transition state”. There is a single transition state from start to finish, in contrast to a stepwise reaction.

There are mainly three types of pericyclic reactions,

1) Electrocyclic reactions

2) Cycloaddition reactions

3) Sigmatropic reactions

In an electrocyclic reaction “one new sigma- bond is formed or broken.”

In a cycloaddition reaction “ two new sigma-bonds are formed or broken”

In a sigmatropic rearrangement reaction “ one new sigma-bond is formed as another breaks.”

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given reaction has to be identified as electro cyclic reaction, a cycloaddition reaction or a sigma tropic reaction.

Concept introduction:

Pericyclic reactions are “ any concerted reaction in which bonds are formed or broken in a cyclic transition state”. There is a single transition state from start to finish, in contrast to a stepwise reaction.

There are mainly three types of pericyclic reactions,

1) Electrocyclic reactions

2) Cycloaddition reactions

3) Sigmatropic reactions

In an electrocyclic reaction “one new sigma- bond is formed or broken.”

In a cycloaddition reaction “ two new sigma-bonds are formed or broken”

In a sigmatropic rearrangement reaction “ one new sigma-bond is formed as another breaks.”

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given reaction has to be identified as electro cyclic reaction, a cycloaddition reaction or a sigma tropic reaction.

Concept introduction:

Pericyclic reactions are “ any concerted reaction in which bonds are formed or broken in a cyclic transition state”. There is a single transition state from start to finish, in contrast to a stepwise reaction.

There are mainly three types of pericyclic reactions,

1) Electrocyclic reactions

2) Cycloaddition reactions

3) Sigmatropic reactions

In an electrocyclic reaction “one new sigma- bond is formed or broken.”

In a cycloaddition reaction “ two new sigma-bonds are formed or broken”

In a sigmatropic rearrangement reaction “ one new sigma-bond is formed as another breaks.”

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given reaction has to be identified as electro cyclic reaction, a cycloaddition reaction or a sigma tropic reaction.

Concept introduction:

Pericyclic reactions are “ any concerted reaction in which bonds are formed or broken in a cyclic transition state”. There is a single transition state from start to finish, in contrast to a stepwise reaction.

There are mainly three types of pericyclic reactions,

1) Electrocyclic reactions

2) Cycloaddition reactions

3) Sigmatropic reactions

In an electrocyclic reaction “one new sigma- bond is formed or broken.”

In a cycloaddition reaction “ two new sigma-bonds are formed or broken”

In a sigmatropic rearrangement reaction “ one new sigma-bond is formed as another breaks.”

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 28.1, Problem 1P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reaction has to be identified as electro cyclic reaction, a cycloaddition reaction or a sigma tropic reaction.

Concept introduction:

Pericyclic reactions are “ any concerted reaction in which bonds are formed or broken in a cyclic transition state”. There is a single transition state from start to finish, in contrast to a stepwise reaction.

There are mainly three types of pericyclic reactions,

1) Electrocyclic reactions

2) Cycloaddition reactions

3) Sigmatropic reactions

In an electrocyclic reaction “one new sigma- bond is formed or broken.”

In a cycloaddition reaction “ two new sigma-bonds are formed or broken”

In a sigmatropic rearrangement reaction “ one new sigma-bond is formed as another breaks.”

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given reaction has to be identified as electro cyclic reaction, a cycloaddition reaction or a sigma tropic reaction.

Concept introduction:

Pericyclic reactions are “ any concerted reaction in which bonds are formed or broken in a cyclic transition state”. There is a single transition state from start to finish, in contrast to a stepwise reaction.

There are mainly three types of pericyclic reactions,

1) Electrocyclic reactions

2) Cycloaddition reactions

3) Sigmatropic reactions

In an electrocyclic reaction “one new sigma- bond is formed or broken.”

In a cycloaddition reaction “ two new sigma-bonds are formed or broken”

In a sigmatropic rearrangement reaction “ one new sigma-bond is formed as another breaks.”

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given reaction has to be identified as electro cyclic reaction, a cycloaddition reaction or a sigma tropic reaction.

Concept introduction:

Pericyclic reactions are “ any concerted reaction in which bonds are formed or broken in a cyclic transition state”. There is a single transition state from start to finish, in contrast to a stepwise reaction.

There are mainly three types of pericyclic reactions,

1) Electrocyclic reactions

2) Cycloaddition reactions

3) Sigmatropic reactions

In an electrocyclic reaction “one new sigma- bond is formed or broken.”

In a cycloaddition reaction “ two new sigma-bonds are formed or broken”

In a sigmatropic rearrangement reaction “ one new sigma-bond is formed as another breaks.”

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given reaction has to be identified as electro cyclic reaction, a cycloaddition reaction or a sigma tropic reaction.

Concept introduction:

Pericyclic reactions are “ any concerted reaction in which bonds are formed or broken in a cyclic transition state”. There is a single transition state from start to finish, in contrast to a stepwise reaction.

There are mainly three types of pericyclic reactions,

1) Electrocyclic reactions

2) Cycloaddition reactions

3) Sigmatropic reactions

In an electrocyclic reaction “one new sigma- bond is formed or broken.”

In a cycloaddition reaction “ two new sigma-bonds are formed or broken”

In a sigmatropic rearrangement reaction “ one new sigma-bond is formed as another breaks.”

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 28.1, Problem 1P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reaction has to be identified as electro cyclic reaction, a cycloaddition reaction or a sigma tropic reaction.

Concept introduction:

Pericyclic reactions are “ any concerted reaction in which bonds are formed or broken in a cyclic transition state”. There is a single transition state from start to finish, in contrast to a stepwise reaction.

There are mainly three types of pericyclic reactions,

1) Electrocyclic reactions

2) Cycloaddition reactions

3) Sigmatropic reactions

In an electrocyclic reaction “one new sigma- bond is formed or broken.”

In a cycloaddition reaction “ two new sigma-bonds are formed or broken”

In a sigmatropic rearrangement reaction “ one new sigma-bond is formed as another breaks.”

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given reaction has to be identified as electro cyclic reaction, a cycloaddition reaction or a sigma tropic reaction.

Concept introduction:

Pericyclic reactions are “ any concerted reaction in which bonds are formed or broken in a cyclic transition state”. There is a single transition state from start to finish, in contrast to a stepwise reaction.

There are mainly three types of pericyclic reactions,

1) Electrocyclic reactions

2) Cycloaddition reactions

3) Sigmatropic reactions

In an electrocyclic reaction “one new sigma- bond is formed or broken.”

In a cycloaddition reaction “ two new sigma-bonds are formed or broken”

In a sigmatropic rearrangement reaction “ one new sigma-bond is formed as another breaks.”

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given reaction has to be identified as electro cyclic reaction, a cycloaddition reaction or a sigma tropic reaction.

Concept introduction:

Pericyclic reactions are “ any concerted reaction in which bonds are formed or broken in a cyclic transition state”. There is a single transition state from start to finish, in contrast to a stepwise reaction.

There are mainly three types of pericyclic reactions,

1) Electrocyclic reactions

2) Cycloaddition reactions

3) Sigmatropic reactions

In an electrocyclic reaction “one new sigma- bond is formed or broken.”

In a cycloaddition reaction “ two new sigma-bonds are formed or broken”

In a sigmatropic rearrangement reaction “ one new sigma-bond is formed as another breaks.”

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given reaction has to be identified as electro cyclic reaction, a cycloaddition reaction or a sigma tropic reaction.

Concept introduction:

Pericyclic reactions are “ any concerted reaction in which bonds are formed or broken in a cyclic transition state”. There is a single transition state from start to finish, in contrast to a stepwise reaction.

There are mainly three types of pericyclic reactions,

1) Electrocyclic reactions

2) Cycloaddition reactions

3) Sigmatropic reactions

In an electrocyclic reaction “one new sigma- bond is formed or broken.”

In a cycloaddition reaction “ two new sigma-bonds are formed or broken”

In a sigmatropic rearrangement reaction “ one new sigma-bond is formed as another breaks.”

Answer 6

Chapter 28.1, Problem 1P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reaction has to be identified as electro cyclic reaction, a cycloaddition reaction or a sigma tropic reaction.

Concept introduction:

Pericyclic reactions are “ any concerted reaction in which bonds are formed or broken in a cyclic transition state”. There is a single transition state from start to finish, in contrast to a stepwise reaction.

There are mainly three types of pericyclic reactions,

1) Electrocyclic reactions

2) Cycloaddition reactions

3) Sigmatropic reactions

In an electrocyclic reaction “one new sigma- bond is formed or broken.”

In a cycloaddition reaction “ two new sigma-bonds are formed or broken”

In a sigmatropic rearrangement reaction “ one new sigma-bond is formed as another breaks.”

Answer 7

Chapter 28.1, Problem 1P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reaction has to be identified as electro cyclic reaction, a cycloaddition reaction or a sigma tropic reaction.

Concept introduction:

Pericyclic reactions are “ any concerted reaction in which bonds are formed or broken in a cyclic transition state”. There is a single transition state from start to finish, in contrast to a stepwise reaction.

There are mainly three types of pericyclic reactions,

1) Electrocyclic reactions

2) Cycloaddition reactions

3) Sigmatropic reactions

In an electrocyclic reaction “one new sigma- bond is formed or broken.”

In a cycloaddition reaction “ two new sigma-bonds are formed or broken”

In a sigmatropic rearrangement reaction “ one new sigma-bond is formed as another breaks.”

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given reaction has to be identified as electro cyclic reaction, a cycloaddition reaction or a sigma tropic reaction.

Concept introduction:

Pericyclic reactions are “ any concerted reaction in which bonds are formed or broken in a cyclic transition state”. There is a single transition state from start to finish, in contrast to a stepwise reaction.

There are mainly three types of pericyclic reactions,

1) Electrocyclic reactions

2) Cycloaddition reactions

3) Sigmatropic reactions

In an electrocyclic reaction “one new sigma- bond is formed or broken.”

In a cycloaddition reaction “ two new sigma-bonds are formed or broken”

In a sigmatropic rearrangement reaction “ one new sigma-bond is formed as another breaks.”

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given reaction has to be identified as electro cyclic reaction, a cycloaddition reaction or a sigma tropic reaction.

Concept introduction:

Pericyclic reactions are “ any concerted reaction in which bonds are formed or broken in a cyclic transition state”. There is a single transition state from start to finish, in contrast to a stepwise reaction.

There are mainly three types of pericyclic reactions,

1) Electrocyclic reactions

2) Cycloaddition reactions

3) Sigmatropic reactions

In an electrocyclic reaction “one new sigma- bond is formed or broken.”

In a cycloaddition reaction “ two new sigma-bonds are formed or broken”

In a sigmatropic rearrangement reaction “ one new sigma-bond is formed as another breaks.”

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given reaction has to be identified as electro cyclic reaction, a cycloaddition reaction or a sigma tropic reaction.

Concept introduction:

Pericyclic reactions are “ any concerted reaction in which bonds are formed or broken in a cyclic transition state”. There is a single transition state from start to finish, in contrast to a stepwise reaction.

There are mainly three types of pericyclic reactions,

1) Electrocyclic reactions

2) Cycloaddition reactions

3) Sigmatropic reactions

In an electrocyclic reaction “one new sigma- bond is formed or broken.”

In a cycloaddition reaction “ two new sigma-bonds are formed or broken”

In a sigmatropic rearrangement reaction “ one new sigma-bond is formed as another breaks.”

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given reaction has to be identified as electro cyclic reaction, a cycloaddition reaction or a sigma tropic reaction.

Concept introduction:

Pericyclic reactions are “ any concerted reaction in which bonds are formed or broken in a cyclic transition state”. There is a single transition state from start to finish, in contrast to a stepwise reaction.

There are mainly three types of pericyclic reactions,

1) Electrocyclic reactions

2) Cycloaddition reactions

3) Sigmatropic reactions

In an electrocyclic reaction “one new sigma- bond is formed or broken.”

In a cycloaddition reaction “ two new sigma-bonds are formed or broken”

In a sigmatropic rearrangement reaction “ one new sigma-bond is formed as another breaks.”

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given reaction has to be identified as electro cyclic reaction, a cycloaddition reaction or a sigma tropic reaction.

Concept introduction:

Pericyclic reactions are “ any concerted reaction in which bonds are formed or broken in a cyclic transition state”. There is a single transition state from start to finish, in contrast to a stepwise reaction.

There are mainly three types of pericyclic reactions,

1) Electrocyclic reactions

2) Cycloaddition reactions

3) Sigmatropic reactions

In an electrocyclic reaction “one new sigma- bond is formed or broken.”

In a cycloaddition reaction “ two new sigma-bonds are formed or broken”

In a sigmatropic rearrangement reaction “ one new sigma-bond is formed as another breaks.”

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given reaction has to be identified as electro cyclic reaction, a cycloaddition reaction or a sigma tropic reaction.

Concept introduction:

Pericyclic reactions are “ any concerted reaction in which bonds are formed or broken in a cyclic transition state”. There is a single transition state from start to finish, in contrast to a stepwise reaction.

There are mainly three types of pericyclic reactions,

1) Electrocyclic reactions

2) Cycloaddition reactions

3) Sigmatropic reactions

In an electrocyclic reaction “one new sigma- bond is formed or broken.”

In a cycloaddition reaction “ two new sigma-bonds are formed or broken”

In a sigmatropic rearrangement reaction “ one new sigma-bond is formed as another breaks.”

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 28.1 - Prob. 1P Ch. 28.2 - Prob. 2P Ch. 28.2 - Prob. 3P Ch. 28.2 - Give a molecular orbital description for each of...Ch. 28.3 - Prob. 5P Ch. 28.3 - Prob. 6P Ch. 28.3 - Prob. 7P Ch. 28.3 - Prob. 8P Ch. 28.4 - Prob. 10P Ch. 28.4 - Prob. 11P

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Chapter 28 Solutions