Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations and Connections
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781133939146
Author: Katz, Debora M.
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 28, Problem 3PQ
To determine
The copper penny which is the better conductor.
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A wire with a radius of 7.72mm is made of a conducting
material that has an atomic mass of 49.4 grams/mole and
a mass density of 7.78x10³ kg/m³. You can assume that
each atom of the material has one free electron
associated with it. What is the drift velocity in a 17.6 cm
long section of wire that is carrying 704 Amps? Assume
3 significant digits and units of mm/s. Watch out for
units!
Copper has a density of 8.96 x 10³ kg/m³ and a resistivity of 1.70 x 10-³ 2-m.
a) On the basis of the classical free-electron gas model, assuming that each Cu atom
contributes one electron to the electron gas, calculate the average time between
collisions of the electrons.
b) Calculate the mean free path from the mean free time and the electron's thermal
velocity.
c) How does the mean free path compare with the spacing between atoms in the lattice of
Cu?
Conduc-Thor-s. Thor has two square prism conductors that are made of the same ohmic material and with properties indicated below.
Conductor Length | Cross-Section Side Length
Alpha
L
Beta
L/2
s/4
Suppose both conductors are subject to the same potential difference AV across their length while keeping their temperatures fixed. Which of the following is the correct relation between the electric currents, Ia and IB,
through Alpha and Beta?
O A. Ia = 8IB
O B. 8Ia = Ig
O. Ia = 4I8
O D. 4Ig = Ig
Clear my choice
Chapter 28 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations and Connections
Ch. 28.1 - Prob. 28.1CECh. 28.2 - Prob. 28.2CECh. 28.3 - Prob. 28.3CECh. 28.5 - When a lightbulb burns out, its filament breaks so...Ch. 28.6 - A battery with terminal potential is connected to...Ch. 28.7 - A battery of terminal potential is connected to a...Ch. 28 - Prob. 1PQCh. 28 - Prob. 2PQCh. 28 - Prob. 3PQCh. 28 - Prob. 4PQ
Ch. 28 - Prob. 5PQCh. 28 - Prob. 6PQCh. 28 - Prob. 7PQCh. 28 - Prob. 8PQCh. 28 - Prob. 9PQCh. 28 - Prob. 10PQCh. 28 - Prob. 11PQCh. 28 - Prob. 12PQCh. 28 - Prob. 13PQCh. 28 - Prob. 14PQCh. 28 - The current in a wire varies with time (measured...Ch. 28 - Prob. 16PQCh. 28 - The amount of charge that flows through a copper...Ch. 28 - Prob. 18PQCh. 28 - Prob. 19PQCh. 28 - Prob. 20PQCh. 28 - Prob. 21PQCh. 28 - Prob. 22PQCh. 28 - A copper wire that is 2.00 mm in radius with...Ch. 28 - Prob. 24PQCh. 28 - Prob. 25PQCh. 28 - Prob. 26PQCh. 28 - What is the electric field in an aluminum wire if...Ch. 28 - Prob. 28PQCh. 28 - Prob. 29PQCh. 28 - Prob. 30PQCh. 28 - Prob. 31PQCh. 28 - Prob. 32PQCh. 28 - Two concentric, metal spherical shells of radii a...Ch. 28 - Prob. 34PQCh. 28 - Prob. 35PQCh. 28 - Prob. 36PQCh. 28 - Prob. 37PQCh. 28 - A lightbulb is connected to a variable power...Ch. 28 - Prob. 39PQCh. 28 - Prob. 40PQCh. 28 - Prob. 41PQCh. 28 - Prob. 42PQCh. 28 - Prob. 43PQCh. 28 - A Two wires with different resistivities, 1 and 2,...Ch. 28 - A copper and a gold wire are supposed to have the...Ch. 28 - Gold bricks are formed with the dimensions 7358134...Ch. 28 - Prob. 47PQCh. 28 - Prob. 48PQCh. 28 - Prob. 49PQCh. 28 - Prob. 50PQCh. 28 - Prob. 51PQCh. 28 - Prob. 52PQCh. 28 - Prob. 53PQCh. 28 - Prob. 54PQCh. 28 - A two-slice bread toaster consumes 850.0 W of...Ch. 28 - Prob. 56PQCh. 28 - Prob. 57PQCh. 28 - Prob. 58PQCh. 28 - Prob. 59PQCh. 28 - Prob. 60PQCh. 28 - Prob. 61PQCh. 28 - Prob. 62PQCh. 28 - Prob. 63PQCh. 28 - Prob. 64PQCh. 28 - Prob. 65PQCh. 28 - Prob. 66PQCh. 28 - Prob. 67PQCh. 28 - Prob. 68PQCh. 28 - Prob. 69PQCh. 28 - Prob. 70PQCh. 28 - Prob. 71PQCh. 28 - Prob. 72PQCh. 28 - Prob. 73PQCh. 28 - Prob. 74PQCh. 28 - Review When a metal rod is heated, its resistance...Ch. 28 - Prob. 76PQCh. 28 - Prob. 77PQCh. 28 - Prob. 78PQCh. 28 - Prob. 79PQCh. 28 - Prob. 80PQCh. 28 - Prob. 81PQCh. 28 - A conducting material with resistivity is shaped...
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- A close analogy exists between the flow of energy by heat because of a temperature difference (see Section 19.6) and the flow of electric charge because of a potential difference. In a metal, energy dQ and electrical charge dq are both transported by free electrons. Consequently, a good electrical conductor is usually a good thermal conductor as well. Consider a thin conducting slab of thickness dx, area A, and electrical conductivity , with a potential difference dV between opposite faces. (a) Show that the current I = dq/dt is given by the equation on the left: ChargeconductionThermalconductiondqdt=A|dVdx|dQdt=kA|dTdx| In the analogous thermal conduction equation on the right (Eq. 19.17), the rate dQ/dt of energy flow by heat (in SI units of joules per second) is due to a temperature gradient dT/dx in a material of thermal conductivity k. (b) State analogous rules relating the direction of the electric current to the change in potential and relating the direction of energy flow to the change in temperature.arrow_forwardProblem 3: A 1.2 g wire has a density of 2.7 g/cm3 and a resistivity of 2.7 × 10−8 Ωm. The wire has a resistance of 15 Ω. a) How long is the wire? b) The wire is made up of atoms with valence 1 and molar mass 26.98 g/mol. What is the drift speed of the electrons when there is a voltage drop of 30 V across the wire?arrow_forwardA close analogy exists between the flow of energy by heat because of a temperature difference (see Section 19.6) and the flow of electric charge because of a potential difference. In a metal, energy dQ and electrical charge dq are both transported by free electrons. Consequently, a good electri- cal conductor is usually a good thermal conductor as well. Consider a thin conducting slab of thickness dx, area A, and electrical conductivity ơ, with a potential difference dV between opposite faces. (a) Show that the current I = dq/dt is given by the equation on the left: Charge conduction Thermal conduction dq = oA dt dT kA dt dQ AP dx dx In the analogous thermal conduction equation on the right (Eq. 19.17), the rate dQ/dt of energy flow by heat (in SI units of joules per second) is due to a temperature gradient dT/dx in a material of thermal conductivity k. (b) State anal- ogous rules relating the direction of the electric current to the change in potential and relating the direction of…arrow_forward
- A block in the shape of a rectangular solid has a cross-sectional area of 4.00 cm^2 across its width, a front-to-rear length of 5.00 cm, and a material conductivity of 10^6 Ω x m^-1. The block’s material contains 5.00x10^22 conduction electrons/m^3. A potential difference of 35.0 V is maintained between its front and rear faces. Find: (a) the resistivity of the block material(b) the resistance of the block(c) the current through the block(d) the magnitude of the current density if it is uniform(e) the drift velocity of the conduction electrons (f) the magnitude of the electric field through the blockarrow_forward13arrow_forwardz Q. The ends of the cylinder are made of conducting discs and the space between these discs are filled with an inhomogeneous ohmic medium whose conductivity o = L/z'. Where L is the separation distance of the L discs. A d-c voltage Vo is applied across the discs as shown on the right. Determine V. a) The total resistance between the discs b) The surface charge densities on the discs c) The volume charge density and the total amount of charge between the discs y Narrow_forward
- Q. The ends of the cylinder are made of conducting discs and the space between these discs are filled with an inhomogeneous ohmic medium whose conductivity o = L/(z+1). Where L is the separation distance of the discs. A d-c voltage Vo is applied across the discs as shown on the right. Determine V. a) The total resistance between the discs b) The surface charge densities on the discs c) The volume charge density and the total amount of charge between the discsarrow_forwardProblem 5: Copper wire has a resistivity p = 1.7 x 10-8 2 m when at 20°C and it has a temperature coefficient a = 3.9 x 10-3 K-1. A solid cylinder of copper of length L = 75 cm and diameter D = 1.5 mm has one end held at T1 = 14°C and the other end is held at T2 = 240°C. The temperature increases linearly between the two ends of the cylinder. L T2 dx Part (a) Consider a thin slice of the copper cylinder of thickness dx that is located a distance x from the left end of the cylinder. Write an equation for the temperature of this slice in terms of the variables x, L, T1, and T2. Expression : T = Select from the variables below to write your expression. Note that all variables may not be required. a, B, 0, d, g, h, j, k, L, m, P, t, T1, T2, x Part (b) Determine the total resistance in milliohms. Numeric : A numeric value is expected and not an expression. R =arrow_forwardf1arrow_forward
- A copper wire is 10 cm long and has a cross-sectional area of 0.4 mm^2 and the resistance of the wire is 0.4 ohms. The wire is connected to a source with a voltage of 10 v, what is the movement, knowing that the density of conduction electrons for copper is 8.5 x 10^28 m^-3 8.5 x 10^4 63-5 For the same wire in the previous question, what is the fersi level if the atomic weight of copper is 0.5 x 10^(-5) 0.94 x 10^(-4) 7.03| ev 0.36 x 10^(-4) 7.01eV 7.05 eV 7.021 evarrow_forwardA close analogy exists between the flow of energy by heat because of a temperature difference (see Section 20.7) and the flow of electric charge because of a potential difference. In a metal, energy dQ and electrical charge dq are both transported by free electrons. Consequently, a good electrical conductor is usually a good thermal conductor as well. Consider a thin conducting slab of thickness dx, area A, and electrical conductivity o, with a potential difference dv between opposite faces. (a) Show that the current I = dq/dt is given by the equation on the left: Charge conduction Thermal conduction dq TA dt JdT| kA dt dQ | dx |AP| |dx In the analogous thermal conduction equation on the right (Eq. 20.15), the rate dQ/dt of energy flow by heat (in Sl units of joules per second) is due to a temperature gradient dT/dx in a material of thermal conductivity k. (b) State analogous rules relating the direction of the electric current to the change in potential and relating the direction of…arrow_forwardIn the classic model for electrical conduction, electron mobility u in a metal wire is defined as where v, is the drift velocity of the electrons and E is the electric field in the metal. This parameter is a measure of how freely electrons can travel through a metal when an electric field is applied, such as when the ends of a metal wire are connected to a potential difference. (a) Show that where a is the conductivity of the metal, n is the number density of the charge carriers, and q is the charge on each carrier. (Submit a file with a maximum size of 1 MB.) Choose File no file selected This answer has not been graded yet. (b) B = AVH is often written as AVH - R IB where R, is the Hall coefficient of the metal. Show that the following is true. (Submit a file with a maximum size of 1 MB.) Hyo -n (Choose File no file selected This answer has not been graded yet (c) The table below shows some measured values of Hall coefficients for some elemental materials. What is an average number…arrow_forward
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