Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 27.4, Problem 1CR
Q Which Ig chains are used to construct a complete antigen-binding site? Which domains? Which CDRs? Calculate the total number of germ-line-encoded VH and VL domains that can be constructed from the available Ig genes.
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a. What are the number of total chromosomes that carries the genes encoding heavy and light chain polypeptides in a single B cell (in human)?
b. From the total number of chromosomes carrying genes for immunoglobulin peptides from question a, how many encode the heavy and light chains actually expressed by a single B cell?
Match the following terms of B-cell development with the best definition.
Surrogate light chain
Allelic exclusion
Checkpoint 2
Checkpoint 1
Receptor editing
Choose...
Choose...
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expression of only one heavy chain allele and one light chain allele
Presence of completed BCR with mu heavy chain and kappa or lambda light chain
Presence of mu heavy chain and presence of pre-B-cell receptor
VpreB and lambda5 which combine with the heavy chain to form pre-B-cell receptor
Successive rearrangement of light chain genes after negative selection
What marker proteins does BRCA1 directly and indirectly interact with ? Is RAD51 and p53 a marker protein ?
Chapter 27 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 27.1 - Prob. 1MQCh. 27.1 - Prob. 2MQCh. 27.1 - Distinguish between clonal deletion and clonal...Ch. 27.1 - QWhy is it necessary that all three defining...Ch. 27.2 - Identify the intrinsic and extrinsic properties of...Ch. 27.2 - Describe an epitope recognized by an antibody, and...Ch. 27.2 - Give an example for each: natural and artificial...Ch. 27.2 - QWhat properties are required for a vaccine to...Ch. 27.3 - Summarize antibody production starting with...Ch. 27.3 - Differentiate among antibody classes using...
Ch. 27.3 - Prob. 3MQCh. 27.3 - QDescribe the structural and functional...Ch. 27.4 - Draw a complete Ig molecule and identify...Ch. 27.4 - Describe antigen binding to the CDR1, 2, and 3...Ch. 27.4 - Describe the recombination events that produce a...Ch. 27.4 - QWhich Ig chains are used to construct a complete...Ch. 27.5 - Identify the cells that display MHC class I and...Ch. 27.5 - Compare the MHC I and MHC II protein structures...Ch. 27.5 - Define the sequence of events for processing and...Ch. 27.5 - QDescribe the basic structure of class I and class...Ch. 27.6 - Define polymorphism and polygeny as they apply to...Ch. 27.6 - How does a single MHC protein present many...Ch. 27.6 - QPolymorphism implies that each different MHC...Ch. 27.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 27.7 - Identify diversity-generating mechanisms unique to...Ch. 27.7 - Describe and compare the structural features of Ig...Ch. 27.7 - QWhat diversity-generating mechanisms function to...Ch. 27.8 - Describe the mechanism used by Tc cells to...Ch. 27.8 - Describe the effector system (the cell-killing...Ch. 27.8 - Compare and contrast the roles and activities of...Ch. 27.8 - QWhat mechanism do Tc cells use to identify and...Ch. 27.9 - Discriminate between immediate hypersensitivity...Ch. 27.9 - Provide examples and mechanisms for an...Ch. 27.9 - QHow do immediate and delayed-type...Ch. 27.10 - Describe the binding site for superantigens on T...Ch. 27.10 - Compare and contrast the immunodeficiency observed...Ch. 27.10 - Prob. 3MQCh. 27.10 - Prob. 1CRCh. 27 - Antibodies of the IgA class are probably more...Ch. 27 - Prob. 2AQCh. 27 - Polymorphism implies that each different MHC...Ch. 27 - What problems would arise if a person had a...
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- Briefly describe three ways that antibody diversity is increased.arrow_forwardWhat diversity-generating mechanisms function toproduce the nearly unlimited variety of antigen-specificTCRs? What structural and functional features arecommon to proteins classified within the Ig genesuperfamily?arrow_forward1. Transgenic mice are generated that are capable of expressing the poly-immunoglobulin receptor. Secretion of whic of the following antibody isotypes will be altered in these mice (a) IgA (b) IgD (c) IgE (d) IgGarrow_forward
- Describe examples that explain the molecular mechanismsof epistasis, complementation, gene modifier effects, andgene redundancy.arrow_forwardAntibody diversity is generated by multiple mechanisms, each of which contributes to the generation of antibodies with up to 1011 different amino acid sequences in their antigen-binding sites. Several of these mechanisms involve changes in the DNA sequences encoding the antibody heavy and light chain proteins. One mechanism that does not rely on changes to the DNA within the immunoglobulin heavy and light chain gene loci is, instead, dependent on: The contributions of amino acids from both the heavy chain and the light chain to form the antigen-binding site The random usage of V, D, and J gene segments to form the heavy chain V region sequence The random usage of k light chains versus l light chains to pair with the heavy chain The activity of TdT to add random nucleotides at the junctions between the V, J, and D region sequences The fact that heavy chain V regions contain an extra gene segment encoded by the D region compared to light chain V regionsarrow_forwardIn the table below, T cell proliferation was measured after 4 days of incubation of T cells, APCs, +/- SEB. If one isolated the T cells at the end of the incubation for the six conditions in which robust proliferation was seen (Rows 2, 3, 5–8), and stained the T cells with each antibody (separately) from a panel of antibodies that recognize each of the mouse Vb domains (i.e., an antibody to Vb1, an antibody to Vb2, etc), what result would be expected?arrow_forward
- Describe the major chromosomal translocation that results in deregulated oncogenic signaling and Occurs in 80% of Burkitt's lymphoma isolates.arrow_forwardThe expression of MHC class II molecules is restricted to a small number of cell types. A. What are these cell types? B. Which of these cell types populate the thymus or circulate through it, and what role do they play in mediating positive and/or negative selection? C. Can you explain why it would be detrimental for noncirculating cells that populate tissues and glands to express MHC class II molecules?arrow_forward1 It was stated that the Rh antigens are so sparsely scattered on the red cell surface that IgG molecules bound to the Rh antigens are too far apart to fix C1q. Therefore, complement-mediated hemolysis cannot be invoked to explain hemolytic disease of the newborn. By what mechanism are the red cells destroyed?arrow_forward
- Explain why transplanting skin graft from the black mouse to white mouse results in rejection (A) Why (A) is it called a primary response?arrow_forwardPlease answer fastarrow_forwardSurprisingly, humans as well as mice deficient in the complement protein, C3, have greatly reduced antibody responses to T cell-dependent antigens, and are impaired in their ability to control HSV infections. When C3-deficient mice are infected with HSV, once at day 0 and then a second time 4 weeks later, their antibody response is altered compared to wild-type mice, as shown in the figure #3 below. a) What is a likely explanation for the altered antibody response in the absence of complement C3? For fugure #4: For this experiment, mice are infected with varying doses of the HSV-rd virus, and peak IgG responses to the viral surface glycoproteins are measured. The results are shown in the fugure #4. b) What is the most likely explanation for these data? Do these results impact your answer to the part above (a)? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forward
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