EBK CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS
2nd Edition
ISBN: 8220101459299
Author: Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 27.1, Problem 2CC
Summary Introduction
To explain:
Whether the sponges are less successful or “highly evolved” than other animal groups.
Concept introduction:
Sponges belong to phylum “Porifera”. They are considered as basal animals as they were the first animal to have evolved on earth.
They are the most primitive animals with cellular level of organisation. They lack true tissues, but contain specialized cells for carrying out various activities. They are filter feeders.
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. WHAT IF? Suppose ctenophores are basal metazoansand sponges are the sister group of all remaining animals.Under this hypothesis, redraw Figure 32.11 and discusswhether animals with tissues would form a clade.
Matching:
(23-27) Match the specialized cell/organ to its function:
23
Colloblast
24.
Choanocyte
25
Spicule
26.
Osculum
27)
Cnidocyte
A. structural support
B. water exits sponge
here
C. stinging cell with poison barb
D. sticky cell to capture food
E. filters food out of water in sponges
How humans learn and remember things is still one of the major unsolvedbiological mysteries. Much of what is currently understood about learning andmemory and the biological basis of behaviour comes from the study ofinvertebrates, including the gastropod molluscs. Describe the types ofexperiments that have been performed on gastropods and the extent to whicheach has increased our understanding of how animals learn.
Chapter 27 Solutions
EBK CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS
Ch. 27.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 27.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 27.2 - What is the Cambrian explosion? Why is it...Ch. 27.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 27.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 27.3 - WHAT IF? Would it be accurate to describe the...Ch. 27.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 27.4 - Describe two key adaptations of aquatic...Ch. 27.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS The radiation of bilaterians in...Ch. 27.5 - Describe two adaptations that have enabled insects...
Ch. 27.5 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Compare and contrast how the...Ch. 27.6 - Describe three key amniote adaptations for life on...Ch. 27.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 27.6 - WHAT IF? Which came first, the chicken or the egg?...Ch. 27.7 - Describe how ocean communities changed in the...Ch. 27.7 - Prob. 2CCCh. 27.7 - Prob. 3CCCh. 27 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 27 - Fossil steroid and molecular clock evidence...Ch. 27 - Which of the following was probably the least...Ch. 27 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 27 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 27 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 27 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 27 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION In Figure 27.29, circle the...Ch. 27 - FOCUS ON ORGANIZATION Early tetrapods had a...Ch. 27 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Collectively, do these...
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- Test Your Understanding 1.Which of the following is not a shared derived character of echinoderms? (a) water vascular system (b) notochord (c) tube feet (d) pentaradial symmetry in adult (e) endoskeleton of calcium carbonate plates and spinesarrow_forwardconnect What is the significance of choanocytes in terms of the evolution of sponges? Explain their function in sponges.arrow_forwardanimals in which of the following classes possess adductor muscles, labial palps, and use their gills for both respiration and feeding? -Bivalvia -Cephalopoda -Polyplacophora -Anthozoa -Gastropodaarrow_forward
- How then do sponges, cnidarians,ctenophores, and placozoans function, andwhat are the consequences of their anatomical organization for diversity and ecology?arrow_forwardThe distinction between sponges and other animal phyla is based mainly on the absence versus the presence of (A) a body cavity. (B) a complete digestive tract. (C) mesoderm. (D) tissues.arrow_forwardEvol question: If the common ancestor of Cnidarians were an open-ocean jellyfish, what would you infer regarding the evolutionary trends in the relative importance of the polyp and medusa stages?arrow_forward
- Porifera (sponges) Choanocytes! What do these cells do? Where are these creatures typically found? Spicules. What are these. How do they differ between the different classifications of sponges? What does it mean to be the basal group of Animalia?arrow_forwardTest Your Understanding 2.Which of the following is/are found in tunicates? (a) dorsal, tubular nerve cord (b) tube feet (c) anal gill slits (d) two pairs of appendages (e) vertebral columnarrow_forwardAnswer according to phylogenetic tree for animal phyla 1. Which phyla are radically symmetrical? 2. Which phyla are coelomates? 3. Which phyla are triploblastic? Explain what triplobastic means. 4. Which phyla have segmented bodies and a closed blood system? 5. a) Differentiate between an exoskeleton and endoskeleton. b) Which phyla have these skeletons? c) Give one advantage and disadvantage of each of this skeletons 6. Which phylum did not hive rise to any other group of animals? 7. Name one feature of the chordates that make them different from the other phyla 8. What was the common ancestor of all animals?arrow_forward
- Imagine you come across a gelatinous structure. Determine whether it is a cnidarian or ctenophore? Give two distinct differences between the two without naming the same structure/invisible features of each animal (e.g animal x has 2 wings, animal y has 4 wings are not distinct differences)arrow_forwardGrantia Sponge Are the radial canals and the spongeocoel connected or seprate? IS the spongeocel a true coelom, a pseudocoelm, or neither? What is the direction of water flow in the sponge and are they multicellular? What functions do each of the different kinds of cells have? Are they diploblastic,triploblastic, or neither?arrow_forwardThe phylogenetic tree in Exercise 1 above shows an outdated relationship between Brachiopoda, Bryozoa, and Mollusca. We now know that: (1) Brachiopoda is more closely related to Mollusca; and (2) Bryozoa forms the sister-group to the clade formed by Brachiopoda+Mollusca. In the space below draw a phylogenetic tree showing the correct interrelationships among the 5 clades listed: Bryozoa: Brachiopoda: Linguliformea: Craniiformea: Rhynchonelliformea: Please include mollusca. Should be 6 classes totalarrow_forward
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