Chapter 27, Problem 4E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The type of the following organic reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophilic substitution reaction is an organic reaction that includes the attack of a nucleophile on electrophilic center along with the removal of the leaving group.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The type of the following organic reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Oxidation reaction is defined as the addition of oxygen atom to the reactant molecule that causes the increase of the oxidation state of the reactant molecule.

Pyridinium chlorochromate(PCC) is a derivative of chromic acid but it is milder in nature. It is employed in the oxidation reaction of primary and secondary alcohol. The primary alcohol is oxidized to form aldehyde and secondary alcohol is oxidized to form ketone.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The type of the following organic reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Alkenes react with bromine molecule in the presence of ${\text{CCl}}_{\text{4}}$ to form an alkene. The bromination takes place in an anti manner and therefore the bromine atom will be attached opposite side. If one bromine atom will attack from above the plane then the other will attack from below the plane and vice-versa. The general reaction is as follows:

Where, R is an alkyl group.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The type of following organic reaction should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Elimination reaction is the type of reaction in which two substituents are removed from the reactant molecule to form the product Elimination reaction is of two types:

1. $\text{E1}$ reactions

2. $\text{E2}$ reactions