BIO Predict/Calculate Diopter Change in Diving Cormorants Double-crested cormorants ( Phalacrocorax auritus) are extraordinary birds—they can focus on objects in the air, just like we can, but they can also focus underwater as they pursue their prey. To do so, they have one of the largest accommodation ranges in nature—that is, they can change the focal length of their eyes by amounts that are greater than is possible in other animals. When a cormorant plunges into the ocean to catch a fish, it can change the refractive power of its eyes by about 45 diopters, as compared to only 16 diopters of change possible in the human eye (a) Should this change of 45 diopters be an increase or a decrease? Explain. (b) If the focal length of the cormorant s eyes is 4.2 mm before it enters the water what is the focal length after the refractive power changes by 45 diopters?
BIO Predict/Calculate Diopter Change in Diving Cormorants Double-crested cormorants ( Phalacrocorax auritus) are extraordinary birds—they can focus on objects in the air, just like we can, but they can also focus underwater as they pursue their prey. To do so, they have one of the largest accommodation ranges in nature—that is, they can change the focal length of their eyes by amounts that are greater than is possible in other animals. When a cormorant plunges into the ocean to catch a fish, it can change the refractive power of its eyes by about 45 diopters, as compared to only 16 diopters of change possible in the human eye (a) Should this change of 45 diopters be an increase or a decrease? Explain. (b) If the focal length of the cormorant s eyes is 4.2 mm before it enters the water what is the focal length after the refractive power changes by 45 diopters?
BIO Predict/Calculate Diopter Change in Diving Cormorants Double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) are extraordinary birds—they can focus on objects in the air, just like we can, but they can also focus underwater as they pursue their prey. To do so, they have one of the largest accommodation ranges in nature—that is, they can change the focal length of their eyes by amounts that are greater than is possible in other animals. When a cormorant plunges into the ocean to catch a fish, it can change the refractive power of its eyes by about 45 diopters, as compared to only 16 diopters of change possible in the human eye (a) Should this change of 45 diopters be an increase or a decrease? Explain. (b) If the focal length of the cormorant s eyes is 4.2 mm before it enters the water what is the focal length after the refractive power changes by 45 diopters?
You want to fabricate a soft microfluidic chip like the one below. How would you go about
fabricating this chip knowing that you are targeting a channel with a square cross-sectional
profile of 200 μm by 200 μm. What materials and steps would you use and why? Disregard the
process to form the inlet and outlet.
Square Cross Section
1. What are the key steps involved in the fabrication of a semiconductor device.
2. You are hired by a chip manufacturing company, and you are asked to prepare a silicon wafer
with the pattern below. Describe the process you would use.
High Aspect
Ratio
Trenches
Undoped Si Wafer
P-doped Si
3. You would like to deposit material within a high aspect ratio trench. What approach would you
use and why?
4. A person is setting up a small clean room space to carry out an outreach activity to educate high
school students about patterning using photolithography. They obtained a positive photoresist, a
used spin coater, a high energy light lamp for exposure and ordered a plastic transparency mask
with a pattern on it to reduce cost. Upon trying this set up multiple times they find that the full
resist gets developed, and they are unable to transfer the pattern onto the resist. Help them
troubleshoot and find out why pattern of transfer has not been successful.
5. You are given a composite…
Two complex values are z1=8 + 8i, z2=15 + 7 i. z1∗ and z2∗ are the complex conjugate values.
Any complex value can be expessed in the form of a+bi=reiθ. Find r and θ for (z1-z∗2)/z1+z2∗. Find r and θ for (z1−z2∗)z1z2∗ Please show all steps
Chapter 27 Solutions
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