(a) Interpretation: The given reaction is to be completed. Concept Introduction: Sodium cyanoborohydride is a strong reducing agent. It will reduce the imine formed into the corresponding amine group. The hydride ion of sodium cyano borohydride acts as a nucleophile.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 27, Problem 27.70AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

Sodium cyanoborohydride is a strong reducing agent. It will reduce the imine formed into the corresponding amine group. The hydride ion of sodium cyano borohydride acts as a nucleophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

Acyl nucleophilic substitution reaction takes place at the acyl carbon of the anhydride. The lone pair of the nitrogen atom of amino group of the side chain of lysine acts as nucleophile. The carbonyl carbon of the succinic anhydride acts as the electrophilic centre.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

The cysteine residue of the amino acid contains side chain -SH group. The -SH group gets ionized in the pH>5. The thionate group thus formed will act as nucleophile. The electrophilic conjugate addition reaction takes place at the maleimide carbon-carbon double bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

The carbonyl carbon of Carboxylic acid acts as the electrophilic centre. The glycine nitrogen posses lone pair which acts as nucleophile. The nucleophilic substitution reaction takes place between both groups.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

The reaction of amine group with the sodium nitrite results in the formation of dizonium salt. The diazonium salt gives electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The tyrosine residue contains phenol -OH group which activating group so the reaction takes place at ortho or para position.

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Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 27, Problem 27.70AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

Sodium cyanoborohydride is a strong reducing agent. It will reduce the imine formed into the corresponding amine group. The hydride ion of sodium cyano borohydride acts as a nucleophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

Acyl nucleophilic substitution reaction takes place at the acyl carbon of the anhydride. The lone pair of the nitrogen atom of amino group of the side chain of lysine acts as nucleophile. The carbonyl carbon of the succinic anhydride acts as the electrophilic centre.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

The cysteine residue of the amino acid contains side chain -SH group. The -SH group gets ionized in the pH>5. The thionate group thus formed will act as nucleophile. The electrophilic conjugate addition reaction takes place at the maleimide carbon-carbon double bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

The carbonyl carbon of Carboxylic acid acts as the electrophilic centre. The glycine nitrogen posses lone pair which acts as nucleophile. The nucleophilic substitution reaction takes place between both groups.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

The reaction of amine group with the sodium nitrite results in the formation of dizonium salt. The diazonium salt gives electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The tyrosine residue contains phenol -OH group which activating group so the reaction takes place at ortho or para position.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 27, Problem 27.70AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

Sodium cyanoborohydride is a strong reducing agent. It will reduce the imine formed into the corresponding amine group. The hydride ion of sodium cyano borohydride acts as a nucleophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

Acyl nucleophilic substitution reaction takes place at the acyl carbon of the anhydride. The lone pair of the nitrogen atom of amino group of the side chain of lysine acts as nucleophile. The carbonyl carbon of the succinic anhydride acts as the electrophilic centre.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

The cysteine residue of the amino acid contains side chain -SH group. The -SH group gets ionized in the pH>5. The thionate group thus formed will act as nucleophile. The electrophilic conjugate addition reaction takes place at the maleimide carbon-carbon double bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

The carbonyl carbon of Carboxylic acid acts as the electrophilic centre. The glycine nitrogen posses lone pair which acts as nucleophile. The nucleophilic substitution reaction takes place between both groups.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

The reaction of amine group with the sodium nitrite results in the formation of dizonium salt. The diazonium salt gives electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The tyrosine residue contains phenol -OH group which activating group so the reaction takes place at ortho or para position.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 27, Problem 27.70AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

Sodium cyanoborohydride is a strong reducing agent. It will reduce the imine formed into the corresponding amine group. The hydride ion of sodium cyano borohydride acts as a nucleophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

Acyl nucleophilic substitution reaction takes place at the acyl carbon of the anhydride. The lone pair of the nitrogen atom of amino group of the side chain of lysine acts as nucleophile. The carbonyl carbon of the succinic anhydride acts as the electrophilic centre.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

The cysteine residue of the amino acid contains side chain -SH group. The -SH group gets ionized in the pH>5. The thionate group thus formed will act as nucleophile. The electrophilic conjugate addition reaction takes place at the maleimide carbon-carbon double bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

The carbonyl carbon of Carboxylic acid acts as the electrophilic centre. The glycine nitrogen posses lone pair which acts as nucleophile. The nucleophilic substitution reaction takes place between both groups.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

The reaction of amine group with the sodium nitrite results in the formation of dizonium salt. The diazonium salt gives electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The tyrosine residue contains phenol -OH group which activating group so the reaction takes place at ortho or para position.

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Answer 5

Chapter 27, Problem 27.70AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

Sodium cyanoborohydride is a strong reducing agent. It will reduce the imine formed into the corresponding amine group. The hydride ion of sodium cyano borohydride acts as a nucleophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

Acyl nucleophilic substitution reaction takes place at the acyl carbon of the anhydride. The lone pair of the nitrogen atom of amino group of the side chain of lysine acts as nucleophile. The carbonyl carbon of the succinic anhydride acts as the electrophilic centre.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

The cysteine residue of the amino acid contains side chain -SH group. The -SH group gets ionized in the pH>5. The thionate group thus formed will act as nucleophile. The electrophilic conjugate addition reaction takes place at the maleimide carbon-carbon double bond.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

The carbonyl carbon of Carboxylic acid acts as the electrophilic centre. The glycine nitrogen posses lone pair which acts as nucleophile. The nucleophilic substitution reaction takes place between both groups.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

The reaction of amine group with the sodium nitrite results in the formation of dizonium salt. The diazonium salt gives electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The tyrosine residue contains phenol -OH group which activating group so the reaction takes place at ortho or para position.

Answer 6

Chapter 27, Problem 27.70AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

Sodium cyanoborohydride is a strong reducing agent. It will reduce the imine formed into the corresponding amine group. The hydride ion of sodium cyano borohydride acts as a nucleophile.

Answer 7

Chapter 27, Problem 27.70AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

Sodium cyanoborohydride is a strong reducing agent. It will reduce the imine formed into the corresponding amine group. The hydride ion of sodium cyano borohydride acts as a nucleophile.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

Acyl nucleophilic substitution reaction takes place at the acyl carbon of the anhydride. The lone pair of the nitrogen atom of amino group of the side chain of lysine acts as nucleophile. The carbonyl carbon of the succinic anhydride acts as the electrophilic centre.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

Acyl nucleophilic substitution reaction takes place at the acyl carbon of the anhydride. The lone pair of the nitrogen atom of amino group of the side chain of lysine acts as nucleophile. The carbonyl carbon of the succinic anhydride acts as the electrophilic centre.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

The cysteine residue of the amino acid contains side chain -SH group. The -SH group gets ionized in the pH>5. The thionate group thus formed will act as nucleophile. The electrophilic conjugate addition reaction takes place at the maleimide carbon-carbon double bond.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

The cysteine residue of the amino acid contains side chain -SH group. The -SH group gets ionized in the pH>5. The thionate group thus formed will act as nucleophile. The electrophilic conjugate addition reaction takes place at the maleimide carbon-carbon double bond.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

The carbonyl carbon of Carboxylic acid acts as the electrophilic centre. The glycine nitrogen posses lone pair which acts as nucleophile. The nucleophilic substitution reaction takes place between both groups.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

The carbonyl carbon of Carboxylic acid acts as the electrophilic centre. The glycine nitrogen posses lone pair which acts as nucleophile. The nucleophilic substitution reaction takes place between both groups.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

The reaction of amine group with the sodium nitrite results in the formation of dizonium salt. The diazonium salt gives electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The tyrosine residue contains phenol -OH group which activating group so the reaction takes place at ortho or para position.

Answer 15

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

The reaction of amine group with the sodium nitrite results in the formation of dizonium salt. The diazonium salt gives electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The tyrosine residue contains phenol -OH group which activating group so the reaction takes place at ortho or para position.

Answer 16

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Answer 17

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 18

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Answer 19

Ch. 27 - Prob. 27.1P Ch. 27 - Prob. 27.2P Ch. 27 - Prob. 27.3P Ch. 27 - Prob. 27.4P Ch. 27 - Prob. 27.5P Ch. 27 - Prob. 27.6P Ch. 27 - Prob. 27.8P Ch. 27 - Prob. 27.9P Ch. 27 - Prob. 27.10P Ch. 27 - Prob. 27.11P

(a) Interpretation: The given reaction is to be completed. Concept Introduction: Sodium cyanoborohydride is a strong reducing agent. It will reduce the imine formed into the corresponding amine group. The hydride ion of sodium cyano borohydride acts as a nucleophile.

Solution Summary: The author explains that sodium cyanoborohydride reduces the imine formed into the corresponding amine group. Acyl nucleophilic substitution reaction occurs at the amino group of lysine.

Concept explainers

Videos

(a)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

Sodium cyanoborohydride is a strong reducing agent. It will reduce the imine formed into the corresponding amine group. The hydride ion of sodium cyano borohydride acts as a nucleophile.

(d)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

The carbonyl carbon of Carboxylic acid acts as the electrophilic centre. The glycine nitrogen posses lone pair which acts as nucleophile. The nucleophilic substitution reaction takes place between both groups.

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Chapter 27 Solutions

(a) Interpretation: The given reaction is to be completed. Concept Introduction: Sodium cyanoborohydride is a strong reducing agent. It will reduce the imine formed into the corresponding amine group. The hydride ion of sodium cyano borohydride acts as a nucleophile.

Solution Summary: The author explains that sodium cyanoborohydride reduces the imine formed into the corresponding amine group. Acyl nucleophilic substitution reaction occurs at the amino group of lysine.

Concept explainers

Videos

(a) Interpretation: The given reaction is to be completed. Concept Introduction: Sodium cyanoborohydride is a strong reducing agent. It will reduce the imine formed into the corresponding amine group. The hydride ion of sodium cyano borohydride acts as a nucleophile.

(d) Interpretation: The given reaction is to be completed. Concept Introduction: The carbonyl carbon of Carboxylic acid acts as the electrophilic centre. The glycine nitrogen posses lone pair which acts as nucleophile. The nucleophilic substitution reaction takes place between both groups.

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Chapter 27 Solutions

(a)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

Sodium cyanoborohydride is a strong reducing agent. It will reduce the imine formed into the corresponding amine group. The hydride ion of sodium cyano borohydride acts as a nucleophile.

(d)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

The carbonyl carbon of Carboxylic acid acts as the electrophilic centre. The glycine nitrogen posses lone pair which acts as nucleophile. The nucleophilic substitution reaction takes place between both groups.