Chapter 27, Problem 27.35AP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The severity of DNA mutation that produced in the given changes in mRNA codons has to be compared.

Concept Introduction:

Mutation: Mutation is the error occurred in the base sequence of a DNA which is passed along when DNA replication takes place.

Codons are the sequence of three bases in mRNA that specifies the amino acid to be incorporated into a protein.

Some amino acids and their corresponding mRNA codons are listed below,

$\begin{array}{cc}\text{Amino}\text{acid}& \text{mRNA}\text{codons}\\ \underset{\_}{\text{Ala}}\text{nine}& \text{GCU,GCC,GCA,GCG}\\ \underset{\_}{Thr}eonine& ACU,ACC,ACA,ACT\\ \underset{\_}{\text{Val}}\text{ine}& \text{GUU,GUC,GUA,GUG}\\ \underset{\_}{I}so\underset{\_}{le}ucine& ATT,ATC,ATA\\ \underset{\_}{\text{Ser}}\text{ine}& \text{UCU,UCC,UCA,UCG}\\ \underset{\_}{\text{Cys}}\text{teine}& \text{UGU,UGC}\\ \underset{\_}{\text{Pro}}\text{line}& \text{CCU,CCC,CCA,CCG}\end{array}$

Start codon is a codon that specifies the start of RNA translation.

Stop codon is a codon that specifies the end of RNA translation. There are mainly three stop codons UGA, UAA and UAG.