Concept explainers
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(a)
Interpretation:
The mRNA code for the peptide, Phe−Arg−Gly−His−Trp is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The term DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. Deoxyribonucleic acid is the most important
Answer to Problem 27.20P
The mRNA the codes for Phe are 5'−UUU−3' and 5'−UUC−3'. The codes for Arg are 5'−CGU−3', 5'−CGC−3', 5'−CGA−3', and 5'−CGG−3'. The codes for Gly are 5'−GGU−3', 5'−GGC−3', 5'−GGA−3', and 5'−GGG−3'. The codes for His are 5'−CAU−3' and 5'−CAC−3'. The codes for Trp are 5'−UGG−3'.
Explanation of Solution
The given peptide chain is shown below.
Phe−Arg−Gly−His−Trp
The triplet codon for the amino acid Phe that codes at 5' end is U.
The triplet codon for the amino acid Phe that codes at the middle is U.
The triplet codon for the amino acid Phe that codes at 3' end are U, C.
Therefore, the codes for Phe are 5'−UUU−3' and 5'−UUC−3'.
The next amino acid is Arg that is arginine.
The triplet codon for the amino acid Arg that codes at 5' end is C.
The triplet codon for the amino acid Arg that codes at the middle is G.
The triplet codon for the amino acid Arg that codes at 3' end are U, C, A, G.
Therefore, the codes for Arg are 5'−CGU−3', 5'−CGC−3' 5'−CGA−3', and 5'−CGG−3'.
The next amino acid is Gly that is glycine.
The triplet codon for the amino acid Gly that codes at 5' end is G.
The triplet codon for the amino acid Gly that codes at the middle is G.
The triplet codon for the amino acid Gly that codes at 3' end are U, C, A, G.
Therefore, the codes for Gly are 5'−GGU−3', 5'−GGC−3', 5'−GGA−3', and 5'−GGG−3'.
The next amino acid is His that is histidine.
The triplet codon for the amino acid His that codes at 5' end is C.
The triplet codon for the amino acid His that codes at the middle is A.
The triplet codon for the amino acid His that codes at 3' end are U, C.
Therefore, the codes for His are 5'−CAU−3' and 5'−CAC−3'.
The next amino acid is Trp that is tryptophan.
The triplet codon for the amino acid Trp that codes at 5' end is U.
The triplet codon for the amino acid Trp that codes at the middle is G.
The triplet codon for the amino acid Trp that codes at 3' end is G.
Therefore, the codes for Trp are 5'−UGG−3'.
The mRNA code for the given peptide. The codes for Phe are 5'−UUU−3' and 5'−UUC−3'. The codes for Arg are 5'−CGU−3', 5'−CGC−3' 5'−CGA−3', and 5'−CGG−3'. The codes for Gly are 5'−GGU−3', 5'−GGC−3', 5'−GGA−3', and 5'−GGG−3'. The codes for His are 5'−CAU−3' and 5'−CAC−3'. The codes for Trp are 5'−UGG−3'.
(b)
Interpretation:
The DNA code for the peptide, Phe−Arg−Gly−His−Trp is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The term DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. Deoxyribonucleic acid is the most important biomolecule that stores genetic information of a living organism. In other words, DNA is the blueprint of all organisms. The DNA first synthesizes RNA by the process of transcription and then the RNA synthesizes the proteins by the process of translation.
Answer to Problem 27.20P
The DNA codes for Phe are 5'−TTT−3' and 5'−TTC−3'. The codes for Arg are 5'−CGT−3', 5'−CGC−3' 5'−CGA−3', and 5'−CGG−3'. The codes for Gly are 5'−GGT−3', 5'−GGC−3', 5'−GGA−3', and 5'−GGG−3'. The codes for His are 5'−CAT−3' and 5'−CAC−3'. The codes for Trp are 5'−TGG−3'.
Explanation of Solution
In the case of DNA, thymine base is present instead of uracil base rest remains the same. The given peptide chain is shown below.
Phe−Arg−Gly−His−Trp
The triplet codon for the amino acid Phe that codes at 5' end is T.
The triplet codon for the amino acid Phe that codes at the middle is T.
The triplet codon for the amino acid Phe that codes at 3' end are T, C.
Therefore, the codes for Phe are 5'−TTT−3' and 5'−TTC−3'.
The next amino acid is Arg that is arginine.
The triplet codon for the amino acid Arg that codes at 5' end is C.
The triplet codon for the amino acid Arg that codes at the middle is G.
The triplet codon for the amino acid Arg that codes at 3' end are T, C, A, G.
Therefore, the codes for Arg are 5'−CGT−3', 5'−CGC−3' 5'−CGA−3', and 5'−CGG−3'.
The next amino acid is Gly that is glycine.
The triplet codon for the amino acid Gly that codes at 5' end is G.
The triplet codon for the amino acid Gly that codes at the middle is G.
The triplet codon for the amino acid Gly that codes at 3' end are T, C, A, G.
Therefore, the codes for Gly are 5'−GGT−3', 5'−GGC−3', 5'−GGA−3', and 5'−GGG−3'.
The next amino acid is His that is histidine.
The triplet codon for the amino acid His that codes at 5' end is C.
The triplet codon for the amino acid His that codes at the middle is A.
The triplet codon for the amino acid His that codes at 3' end are T, C.
Therefore, the codes for His are 5'−CAT−3' and 5'−CAC−3'.
The next amino acid is Trp that is tryptophan.
The triplet codon for the amino acid Trp that codes at 5' end is T.
The triplet codon for the amino acid Trp that codes at the middle is G.
The triplet codon for the amino acid Trp that codes at 3' end is G.
Therefore, the codes for Trp are 5'−TGG−3'.
The DNA code for the same peptide. The codes for Phe are 5'−TTT−3' and 5'−TTC−3'. The codes for Arg are 5'−CGT−3', 5'−CGC−3' 5'−CGA−3', and 5'−CGG−3'. The codes for Gly are 5'−GGT−3', 5'−GGC−3', 5'−GGA−3', and 5'−GGG−3'. The codes for His are 5'−CAT−3' and 5'−CAC−3'. The codes for Trp are 5'−TGG−3'.
(c)
Interpretation:
The anticodon sequence for Trp residue in the tRNA is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The tRNA is used in the synthesis of protein. The tRNA has a cloverleaf shape structure. It contains two specific sites, one is anticodon loop that attaches to mRNA and other is 3' terminal that attaches to the specific amino acid. The anticodon is a three-base sequence on tRNA. The anticodon loop has three bases that are complementary to the base sequence present in mRNA codon.
Answer to Problem 27.20P
The anticodon sequence for Trp residue in the tRNA is 3'−ACC−5'.
Explanation of Solution
The triplet codon for the amino acid Trp that codes at 5' end is T.
The triplet codon for the amino acid Trp that codes at the middle is G.
The triplet codon for the amino acid Trp that codes at 3' end is G.
Therefore, the codes for Trp are 5'−TGG−3'. The anticodon for Trp is complementary nucleotide base which codes for it. This means the nucleotide base T complements to A base and nucleotide base G complements to C. Therefore, the anticodon for Trp in tRNA is 3'−ACC−5'.
The anticodon sequence for Trp residue in the tRNA is 3'−ACC−5'.
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Chapter 27 Solutions
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