(a) Interpretation: The molecule which carries the phosphate groups in the catabolic pathway is to be predicted. Concept Introduction: The full form of ATP is adenosine triphosphate which contains three phosphate groups. The energy in human beings is stored as ATP. ATP is synthesized in mitochondria (called power house) by oxidative phosphorylation. It acts as a source of energy to carry out the biological process.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 27, Problem 27.15P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The molecule which carries the phosphate groups in the catabolic pathway is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

The full form of ATP is adenosine triphosphate which contains three phosphate groups. The energy in human beings is stored as ATP.

ATP is synthesized in mitochondria (called power house) by oxidative phosphorylation. It acts as a source of energy to carry out the biological process.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The coenzymes which transfer the hydrogen ions and electrons in the catabolic pathway are to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

The full form of FAD is flavin adenine dinucleotide. It consists of riboflavin and ADP which are bridged together by phosphate groups. The riboflavin is formed by the combination of flavin and ribitol. The phosphodiester bond exists between the ribitol and the phosphate group in FAD.

The full form of NAD+ is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. NAD+ is a coenzyme which is known as dinucleotide. The two nucleotides are linked through phosphate groups.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The kind of groups carried by the coenzyme A in the catabolic pathway is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

The acetyl-CoA enzyme is used for the oxidation of fatty acids and pyruvate. It is synthesized from vitamin B5 and extracted from the yeast. It contains pantothenic acid, phosphorylated ADP and mercaptoethylamine.

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(a 4 shows scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of extruded actions of packing bed for two capillary columns of different diameters, al 750 (bottom image) and b) 30-μm-i.d. Both columns are packed with the same stationary phase, spherical particles with 1-um diameter. A) When the columns were prepared, the figure shows that the column with the larger diameter has more packing irregularities. Explain this observation. B) Predict what affect this should have on band broadening and discuss your prediction using the van Deemter terms. C) Does this figure support your explanations in application question 33? Explain why or why not and make any changes in your answers in light of this figure. Figure 4 SEM images of sections of packed columns for a) 750 and b) 30-um-i.d. capillary columns.³

fcrip = ↓ bandwidth Il temp 32. What impact (increase, decrease, or no change) does each of the following conditions have on the individual components of the van Deemter equation and consequently, band broadening? Increase temperature Longer column Using a gas mobile phase instead of liquid Smaller particle stationary phase Multiple Paths Diffusion Mass Transfer

34. Figure 3 shows Van Deemter plots for a solute molecule using different column inner diameters (i.d.). A) Predict whether decreasing the column inner diameters increase or decrease bandwidth. B) Predict which van Deemter equation coefficient (A, B, or C) has the greatest effect on increasing or decreasing bandwidth as a function of i.d. and justify your answer. Figure 3 Van Deemter plots for hydroquinone using different column inner diameters (i.d. in μm). The data was obtained from liquid chromatography experiments using fused-silica capillary columns packed with 1.0-μm particles. 35 20 H(um) 큰 20 15 90 0+ 1500 100 75 550 01 02 594 05 μ(cm/sec) 30 15 10

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 27, Problem 27.15P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The molecule which carries the phosphate groups in the catabolic pathway is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

The full form of ATP is adenosine triphosphate which contains three phosphate groups. The energy in human beings is stored as ATP.

ATP is synthesized in mitochondria (called power house) by oxidative phosphorylation. It acts as a source of energy to carry out the biological process.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The coenzymes which transfer the hydrogen ions and electrons in the catabolic pathway are to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

The full form of FAD is flavin adenine dinucleotide. It consists of riboflavin and ADP which are bridged together by phosphate groups. The riboflavin is formed by the combination of flavin and ribitol. The phosphodiester bond exists between the ribitol and the phosphate group in FAD.

The full form of NAD+ is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. NAD+ is a coenzyme which is known as dinucleotide. The two nucleotides are linked through phosphate groups.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The kind of groups carried by the coenzyme A in the catabolic pathway is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

The acetyl-CoA enzyme is used for the oxidation of fatty acids and pyruvate. It is synthesized from vitamin B5 and extracted from the yeast. It contains pantothenic acid, phosphorylated ADP and mercaptoethylamine.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 27, Problem 27.15P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The molecule which carries the phosphate groups in the catabolic pathway is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

The full form of ATP is adenosine triphosphate which contains three phosphate groups. The energy in human beings is stored as ATP.

ATP is synthesized in mitochondria (called power house) by oxidative phosphorylation. It acts as a source of energy to carry out the biological process.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The coenzymes which transfer the hydrogen ions and electrons in the catabolic pathway are to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

The full form of FAD is flavin adenine dinucleotide. It consists of riboflavin and ADP which are bridged together by phosphate groups. The riboflavin is formed by the combination of flavin and ribitol. The phosphodiester bond exists between the ribitol and the phosphate group in FAD.

The full form of NAD+ is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. NAD+ is a coenzyme which is known as dinucleotide. The two nucleotides are linked through phosphate groups.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The kind of groups carried by the coenzyme A in the catabolic pathway is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

The acetyl-CoA enzyme is used for the oxidation of fatty acids and pyruvate. It is synthesized from vitamin B5 and extracted from the yeast. It contains pantothenic acid, phosphorylated ADP and mercaptoethylamine.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 27, Problem 27.15P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The molecule which carries the phosphate groups in the catabolic pathway is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

The full form of ATP is adenosine triphosphate which contains three phosphate groups. The energy in human beings is stored as ATP.

ATP is synthesized in mitochondria (called power house) by oxidative phosphorylation. It acts as a source of energy to carry out the biological process.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The coenzymes which transfer the hydrogen ions and electrons in the catabolic pathway are to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

The full form of FAD is flavin adenine dinucleotide. It consists of riboflavin and ADP which are bridged together by phosphate groups. The riboflavin is formed by the combination of flavin and ribitol. The phosphodiester bond exists between the ribitol and the phosphate group in FAD.

The full form of NAD+ is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. NAD+ is a coenzyme which is known as dinucleotide. The two nucleotides are linked through phosphate groups.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The kind of groups carried by the coenzyme A in the catabolic pathway is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

The acetyl-CoA enzyme is used for the oxidation of fatty acids and pyruvate. It is synthesized from vitamin B5 and extracted from the yeast. It contains pantothenic acid, phosphorylated ADP and mercaptoethylamine.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 27, Problem 27.15P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The molecule which carries the phosphate groups in the catabolic pathway is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

The full form of ATP is adenosine triphosphate which contains three phosphate groups. The energy in human beings is stored as ATP.

ATP is synthesized in mitochondria (called power house) by oxidative phosphorylation. It acts as a source of energy to carry out the biological process.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The coenzymes which transfer the hydrogen ions and electrons in the catabolic pathway are to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

The full form of FAD is flavin adenine dinucleotide. It consists of riboflavin and ADP which are bridged together by phosphate groups. The riboflavin is formed by the combination of flavin and ribitol. The phosphodiester bond exists between the ribitol and the phosphate group in FAD.

The full form of NAD+ is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. NAD+ is a coenzyme which is known as dinucleotide. The two nucleotides are linked through phosphate groups.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The kind of groups carried by the coenzyme A in the catabolic pathway is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

The acetyl-CoA enzyme is used for the oxidation of fatty acids and pyruvate. It is synthesized from vitamin B5 and extracted from the yeast. It contains pantothenic acid, phosphorylated ADP and mercaptoethylamine.

Answer 6

Chapter 27, Problem 27.15P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The molecule which carries the phosphate groups in the catabolic pathway is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

The full form of ATP is adenosine triphosphate which contains three phosphate groups. The energy in human beings is stored as ATP.

ATP is synthesized in mitochondria (called power house) by oxidative phosphorylation. It acts as a source of energy to carry out the biological process.

Answer 7

Chapter 27, Problem 27.15P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The molecule which carries the phosphate groups in the catabolic pathway is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

The full form of ATP is adenosine triphosphate which contains three phosphate groups. The energy in human beings is stored as ATP.

ATP is synthesized in mitochondria (called power house) by oxidative phosphorylation. It acts as a source of energy to carry out the biological process.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The coenzymes which transfer the hydrogen ions and electrons in the catabolic pathway are to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

The full form of FAD is flavin adenine dinucleotide. It consists of riboflavin and ADP which are bridged together by phosphate groups. The riboflavin is formed by the combination of flavin and ribitol. The phosphodiester bond exists between the ribitol and the phosphate group in FAD.

The full form of NAD+ is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. NAD+ is a coenzyme which is known as dinucleotide. The two nucleotides are linked through phosphate groups.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The coenzymes which transfer the hydrogen ions and electrons in the catabolic pathway are to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

The full form of FAD is flavin adenine dinucleotide. It consists of riboflavin and ADP which are bridged together by phosphate groups. The riboflavin is formed by the combination of flavin and ribitol. The phosphodiester bond exists between the ribitol and the phosphate group in FAD.

The full form of NAD+ is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. NAD+ is a coenzyme which is known as dinucleotide. The two nucleotides are linked through phosphate groups.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The kind of groups carried by the coenzyme A in the catabolic pathway is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

The acetyl-CoA enzyme is used for the oxidation of fatty acids and pyruvate. It is synthesized from vitamin B5 and extracted from the yeast. It contains pantothenic acid, phosphorylated ADP and mercaptoethylamine.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The kind of groups carried by the coenzyme A in the catabolic pathway is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

The acetyl-CoA enzyme is used for the oxidation of fatty acids and pyruvate. It is synthesized from vitamin B5 and extracted from the yeast. It contains pantothenic acid, phosphorylated ADP and mercaptoethylamine.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 27 - Prob. 27.1P Ch. 27 - Prob. 27.2P Ch. 27 - (a) How many membranes do mitochondria have? (b)...Ch. 27 - Prob. 27.4P Ch. 27 - Prob. 27.5P Ch. 27 - Prob. 27.6P Ch. 27 - Prob. 27.7P Ch. 27 - Prob. 27.8P Ch. 27 - Prob. 27.9P Ch. 27 - Prob. 27.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that the molecule which carries phosphate groups in the catabolic pathway is ATP.

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Chapter 27 Solutions