Biology: Concepts and Investigations
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260259049
Author: Hoefnagels
Publisher: MCG
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Textbook Question
Chapter 26.3, Problem 1MC
Describe the forces that maintain the distribution of K+ and Na+ across the cell membrane in a neuron at rest.
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Describe the action potential in terms of the different functional states of the voltage- gated Na+ membrane channels (Note: there are three states)
At the peak of an action potential, would the relative permeability of Na be higher than K? Which ion would be the least permeable to the membrane during falling phase?
Describe the three states of voltage-gated Na+ channels in neurons.
Chapter 26 Solutions
Biology: Concepts and Investigations
Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 1MCCh. 26.1 - Prob. 2MCCh. 26.1 - Prob. 3MCCh. 26.2 - Prob. 1MCCh. 26.2 - Where is the myelin sheath located?Ch. 26.2 - Prob. 3MCCh. 26.2 - What are the functions of each of the three...Ch. 26.3 - Describe the forces that maintain the distribution...Ch. 26.3 - Prob. 2MCCh. 26.3 - Prob. 3MC
Ch. 26.3 - Prob. 4MCCh. 26.3 - What prevents action potentials from spreading in...Ch. 26.3 - Prob. 6MCCh. 26.3 - How do myelin and the nodes of Ranvier speed...Ch. 26.4 - Describe the structure of a synapse.Ch. 26.4 - Prob. 2MCCh. 26.4 - Prob. 3MCCh. 26.4 - Prob. 4MCCh. 26.5 - Prob. 1MCCh. 26.5 - Prob. 2MCCh. 26.5 - Prob. 3MCCh. 26.5 - Prob. 4MCCh. 26.6 - Prob. 1MCCh. 26.6 - Prob. 2MCCh. 26.6 - Prob. 3MCCh. 26.6 - List some structures that protect the central...Ch. 26.6 - Prob. 5MCCh. 26.7 - The researchers conducted a behavioral experiment...Ch. 26.7 - Prob. 2MCCh. 26 - Some cells of the central nervous system are...Ch. 26 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 26 - What event triggers an action potential? a....Ch. 26 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 26 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 26 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 26 - Prob. 7MCQCh. 26 - Damage to the surface tissue of the spinal cord...Ch. 26 - Prob. 9MCQCh. 26 - Describe some invertebrate nervous systems. Why do...Ch. 26 - Prob. 2WIOCh. 26 - Prob. 3WIOCh. 26 - Prob. 4WIOCh. 26 - What is the connection between the threshold...Ch. 26 - Write a nonbiological analogy for resting...Ch. 26 - Prob. 7WIOCh. 26 - Sketch a synapse: label the axon and synaptic...Ch. 26 - Describe the events that occur at a synapse when a...Ch. 26 - Prob. 10WIOCh. 26 - Prob. 11WIOCh. 26 - Cerebral palsy is a nervous system disorder that...Ch. 26 - Traumatic brain injury can occur when a person...Ch. 26 - Prob. 14WIOCh. 26 - Prob. 15WIOCh. 26 - Prob. 16WIOCh. 26 - Prob. 1PITCh. 26 - Prob. 2PITCh. 26 - PULL IT TOGETHER 4. Acid the somatic, autonomic,...
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- Conformational changes in channel proteins brought about by voltage changes are responsible for opening and closing Na+ and K+ gates during the generation of an action potential. (True or false?)arrow_forwardWhat is the expected resting membrane potential (in mV) of a neuron that is typical in all ways except for possessing an intracellular potassium concentration of 94 mM and double the normal resting permeability to sodium?arrow_forwardAt the peak of the neuronal action potential, Vm is approximately +50 mV. Assuming normal intracellular and extracellular K+ concentrations ( [K+]o = 4 mM, [K+]i = 150 mM ), what is the driving force (in mV) that acts on K+ ions at the peak of the action potential?arrow_forward
- Describe the ion concentration gradients across the plasmamembrane of a neuron at resting potential.arrow_forwardWhat is the expected resting membrane potential (in mV) of a neuron that is typical in all ways except for possessing an extracellular potassium concentration of 104.3 mM, an intracellular sodium concentration of 103.6 mM, and 4 times the normal resting permeability to sodium?arrow_forwardCalculate the driving force for Na+, K+, and Ca2+ current in a neuron under physiological conditions.arrow_forward
- Compare the resting membrane potential of a neuron with the potassium and sodium equilibrium potentials. Explain how this comparison relates to the relative permeabilities of the resting plasma membrane to these two ions.arrow_forwardDescribe the conditions of a neuron at rest in terms of the RMP; concentration gradients for Na+, K+, Cl– along the entire neuron and Ca2+ at the synaptic knob; and the state of the gated channels.arrow_forwardAt the peak of the action potential, Vm is approximately -65 mV. Assuming normal intracellular and extracellular K+ concentrations (refer to the table), (1) calculate the driving force (in mV) that acts on K+ ions and (2) use the information obtained in part 1 to determine the direction in which K+ ions will flow (i.e., into the cell or out of cell)arrow_forward
- The normal concentrations for intracellular and extracellular potassium in a neuron are [K+]in = 150 mM and [K+]out = 5 mM, respectively. Due to an electrolyte imbalance, a patient has the following intracellular and extracellular concentrations of potassium: [K+]in = 140 mM and [K+]out =2 mM. Using the Nernst equation (Chapter 4), calculate the equilibrium potential for potassium in the cells with normal K+ distributions and of the diseased patient. Refer back to Question #1. Will it be easier or more difficult to generate an action potential in the diseased neuron as compared to the normal neuron? Why?arrow_forwardPredict the effect of a reduced extracellular concentration of Na+ on themagnitude of the action potential in an electrically excitable cell.arrow_forwardIf extracellular [Na1] is elevated, how would the resting potential and action potential of a neuron change?arrow_forward
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