Biology: Concepts and Investigations
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260259049
Author: Hoefnagels
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 26, Problem 15WIO
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The position of ions before, during and after an action potential using 20 coins of two different types to represent 10
Concept introduction:
Unequal distribution of positive and negative charge across the cell membrane results in membrane potential of a cell. The rise and fall in the membrane potential of an axon at a specific location causes a series of electrical response or action potential.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Let's say you have neurons in a petrie dish bath in a solution in which the extracellular K+
concentration is 5 mM and the intracellular concentration is 100 mM. Now you flood the dish with a
solution containing K+ at 115 mM. What will be the Equilibrium Potential now for the cell (rounded
up to the next integer)?
O O mv
O 4 mv
O 70 mv
O -70 mv
Two scientists calculated the membrane potential of a neuron using two different equations, the Nernst equation and the Goldman equation. Their calculations gave them slightly different predictions. What is the most likely reason for this difference?
The lipid compositions of the cell membranes that the scientists studied were different.
The scientists placed their measuring electrodes in slightly different positions.
The temperatures of the fluid surrounding the cell membranes were different.
The numbers of ions considered in the calculations were different.
The scientists measured different numbers of cells.
The above repolarization of a neuron will result in which of the following ionic currents?
a potassium current will transport K+ ions out of the cytoplasm
a sodium current will transport Na+ ions out of the cytoplasm
a potassium current will transport K+ ions into the cytoplasm
a sodium current will transport Na+ ions into the cytoplasm
a sodium current will transport K+ ions into the cytoplasm
Chapter 26 Solutions
Biology: Concepts and Investigations
Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 1MCCh. 26.1 - Prob. 2MCCh. 26.1 - Prob. 3MCCh. 26.2 - Prob. 1MCCh. 26.2 - Where is the myelin sheath located?Ch. 26.2 - Prob. 3MCCh. 26.2 - What are the functions of each of the three...Ch. 26.3 - Describe the forces that maintain the distribution...Ch. 26.3 - Prob. 2MCCh. 26.3 - Prob. 3MC
Ch. 26.3 - Prob. 4MCCh. 26.3 - What prevents action potentials from spreading in...Ch. 26.3 - Prob. 6MCCh. 26.3 - How do myelin and the nodes of Ranvier speed...Ch. 26.4 - Describe the structure of a synapse.Ch. 26.4 - Prob. 2MCCh. 26.4 - Prob. 3MCCh. 26.4 - Prob. 4MCCh. 26.5 - Prob. 1MCCh. 26.5 - Prob. 2MCCh. 26.5 - Prob. 3MCCh. 26.5 - Prob. 4MCCh. 26.6 - Prob. 1MCCh. 26.6 - Prob. 2MCCh. 26.6 - Prob. 3MCCh. 26.6 - List some structures that protect the central...Ch. 26.6 - Prob. 5MCCh. 26.7 - The researchers conducted a behavioral experiment...Ch. 26.7 - Prob. 2MCCh. 26 - Some cells of the central nervous system are...Ch. 26 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 26 - What event triggers an action potential? a....Ch. 26 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 26 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 26 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 26 - Prob. 7MCQCh. 26 - Damage to the surface tissue of the spinal cord...Ch. 26 - Prob. 9MCQCh. 26 - Describe some invertebrate nervous systems. Why do...Ch. 26 - Prob. 2WIOCh. 26 - Prob. 3WIOCh. 26 - Prob. 4WIOCh. 26 - What is the connection between the threshold...Ch. 26 - Write a nonbiological analogy for resting...Ch. 26 - Prob. 7WIOCh. 26 - Sketch a synapse: label the axon and synaptic...Ch. 26 - Describe the events that occur at a synapse when a...Ch. 26 - Prob. 10WIOCh. 26 - Prob. 11WIOCh. 26 - Cerebral palsy is a nervous system disorder that...Ch. 26 - Traumatic brain injury can occur when a person...Ch. 26 - Prob. 14WIOCh. 26 - Prob. 15WIOCh. 26 - Prob. 16WIOCh. 26 - Prob. 1PITCh. 26 - Prob. 2PITCh. 26 - PULL IT TOGETHER 4. Acid the somatic, autonomic,...
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- How is the cell membrane like a battery? Membrane potential (think of the properties of a battery) Resting membrane potential Na+ and K+ ions -> -70 mV Na+/K+ pump Stored energy for workarrow_forwardChloride ions (Cl-) are in higher concentration outside of the cell compared to the intracellular fluid (ICF). If a cell is at rest and chloride-specific ion channels open, identify what would happen. Choose ALL of the correct answers. 1 Some chloride will enter the cell, but the concentration gradient for chloride will not change much. 2 The membrane will hyperpolarize 3 Chloride will come into the cell until it reaches chemical equilibrium. 4 The membrane potential won't change. 5 The membrane will depolarize 6 Some chloride will leave the cell, but the concentration gradient for chloride will not change mucharrow_forwardA cell biologist is performing an experiment using the voltage clamp method in which they are allowed to change the voltage in the membrane potential. They are wanting to record potassium currents and notice that for a certain membrane potential range, the voltage clamp highlights that there is an inward current of potassium. Would these readings make sense?arrow_forward
- Which of the following BEST explains the inside negative potential in resting neurons? sodium flows down its electrochemical gradient through sodium-selective channels that are open in resting neurons membrane transporters produce a large sodium concentration gradient by selectively accumulating sodium ions outside the cell the membrane of a resting neuron is more permeable to potassium ions than to other ions present a larger concentration of chloride ions are found inside the cell making the inside of the cell more negative compared to the outside of the cellarrow_forwardWhat is the most important thing, i.e. what has the biggest impact of determining the resting membrane potential of a cell?arrow_forwardAt the end of the action potential, the cell will regain resting conditions of ions inside the cell. Will this process be activeor passive? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
- When a cell membrane potential shifts from -70mV to -90mV we say the membrane has: depolarized repolarized hyperpolarized polarized GOOO0arrow_forwardWhat is the relationship between the sodium-potassium pump and a neuron's resting membrane potential? The sodium-potassium pump allows three negatively charged sodium ions out of the cell for every two negatively charged potassium ions allowed into the cell, there by keeping the cell positively charged and at a resting membrane potential The sodium-potassium pump allows three positively charged potassium ions out of the cell for every two positively charged sodium ions allowed into the cell, thereby keeping the cell negatively charged and at a resting membrane potential 100 The sodium-potassium pump allows three positively charged sodium ions out of the cell for every two positively charged potassium ions allowed into the cell, thereby keeping the cell negatively charged and at a resting membrane potential The sodium-potassium pump allows three negatively charged potassium ions out of the cell for every two negatively charged sodium ions allowed into the cell, thereby keeping the cell…arrow_forwardConsider the following image that shows the membrane potential in a neuron when it is transmitting an electrical signal: 2 1 What does arrow "1" represent? The hyperpolarization potential The threshold potential The resting membrane potential The action potentialarrow_forward
- A resting cell's membrane is more permeable to K+ simply because: K has a higher atomic number than Na. The Na+/K+ ATPase only works in response to a stimulus. There are more voltage-gated K+ channels than voltage-gated Na+ channels in the cell membrane. There are more K+ leaky channels than Na+ leaky channels in the cell membrane.arrow_forwardPlease explain what the resting membrane potential is and its value. Make sure you include all structures involved in the creation and maintenance of the resting membrane potential. Explanation addressing the question above Membrane potential is the difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell. With respect to the exterior of the cell, typical values of membrane potential range from -40 mV to -80 mV. The membrane potential has two basic functions as a battery and transmitting signals between different parts of a cell. In non-excitable cells, the membrane potential is held at a relatively stable value, called the resting potential. The resting membrane potential of a neuron is about -70 mV. At rest, there are relatively more sodium ions outside the neuron and more potassium ions inside that neuron. It is determined by concentration gradients of ions across the membrane and by membrane permeability to each type of ion. Structure and…arrow_forwardThe sodium-potassium pump generates the following concentration gradients across the plasma membrane: high [Na"] and [K*] inside the cell and low [Na*] and [K] outside. high [Na ] and low [K] inside the cell and low [Na] and high [K] outside. low [Na] and [K*] inside the cell and high [Na*] and [K*] outside. low [Na"] and high [K*] inside the cell and high [Na] and low [K] outside.arrow_forward
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