The elution volume of excluded molecules should be calculated. Concept introduction: Molecular exclusion chromatography: The molecules are separated by its size in chromatographic separation is known as molecular exclusion chromatography. In this chromatography, the large molecules are eluted first then small molecules are separated. The elution volume is directly proportional to the molar mass of the molecule so it is called as gel filtration or permeation chromatography. Hydrophobic interaction chromatography: The substance, which is repels the water is known as hydrophobic substance. In Hydrophobic interaction chromatography, the stationary phase is hydrophobic substance. In the chromatography, the molecule is interact with stationary phase of the column and the solubility of molecule, which is going to separate is decreasing salt concentration of reagent ti increasing solubility molecule.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 26, Problem 26.23P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The elution volume of excluded molecules should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Molecular exclusion chromatography:

The molecules are separated by its size in chromatographic separation is known as molecular exclusion chromatography.

In this chromatography, the large molecules are eluted first then small molecules are separated.

The elution volume is directly proportional to the molar mass of the molecule so it is called as gel filtration or permeation chromatography.

Hydrophobic interaction chromatography:

The substance, which is repels the water is known as hydrophobic substance. In Hydrophobic interaction chromatography, the stationary phase is hydrophobic substance.

In the chromatography, the molecule is interact with stationary phase of the column and the solubility of molecule, which is going to separate is decreasing salt concentration of reagent ti increasing solubility molecule.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

To calculate the elution volume of excluded molecules.

Given,

Column diameter is 7.8 mm

Column length is 30 cm

Occupation of gel particles is 20 %

Occupation of pores is 40%

The volume between particles occupies is 40%

In then affinity column chromatography, only the bonded molecule is remains in the column rest of other are eluted so the eluted volume is equal to the volume used in the elution of excluded molecules.

Total volume of the column is,

Volume = πR2 l = 3.14 × (0.39)2×(30) = 14.3 mL

The volume of elution of excluded molecules is equal to the 40% void volume.

40% of 14.3 mL = 5.7 mL

Therefore, the volume of elution volume of excluded molecules is 5.7 mL .

Conclusion

The elution volume of excluded molecules was calculated.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The elution volume of small molecules should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Molecular exclusion chromatography:

The molecules are separated by its size in chromatographic separation is known as molecular exclusion chromatography.

In this chromatography, the large molecules are eluted first then small molecules are separated.

The elution volume is directly proportional to the molar mass of the molecule so it is called as gel filtration or permeation chromatography.

Hydrophobic interaction chromatography:

The substance, which is repels the water is known as hydrophobic substance. In Hydrophobic interaction chromatography, the stationary phase is hydrophobic substance.

In the chromatography, the molecule is interact with stationary phase of the column and the solubility of molecule, which is going to separate is decreasing salt concentration of reagent ti increasing solubility molecule.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

To calculate the elution volume of excluded molecules.

Given,

Column diameter is 7.8 mm

Column length is 30 cm

Occupation of gel particles is 20 %

Occupation of pores is 40%

The volume between particles occupies is 40%

In then affinity column chromatography, only the bonded molecule is remains in the column rest of other are eluted so the eluted volume is equal to the volume used in the elution of excluded molecules.

Total volume of the column is,

Volume = πR2 l = 3.14 × (0.39)2×(30) = 14.3 mL

The volume of small of excluded molecules is equal to the 80% void volume.

80% of 14.3 mL = 11.5 mL

Therefore, the volume of elution volume of small molecules is 11.5 mL .

Conclusion

The elution volume of small molecules was calculated.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Elution of polyethylene glycols from polystyrene resin in HPLC should be explained.

Concept introduction:

Molecular exclusion chromatography:

The molecules are separated by its size in chromatographic separation is known as molecular exclusion chromatography.

In this chromatography, the large molecules are eluted first then small molecules are separated.

The elution volume is directly proportional to the molar mass of the molecule so it is called as gel filtration or permeation chromatography.

Hydrophobic interaction chromatography:

The substance, which is repels the water is known as hydrophobic substance. In Hydrophobic interaction chromatography, the stationary phase is hydrophobic substance.

In the chromatography, the molecule is interact with stationary phase of the column and the solubility of molecule, which is going to separate is decreasing salt concentration of reagent ti increasing solubility molecule.

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

To calculate the elution volume of excluded molecules.

Given,

Column diameter is 7.8 mm

Column length is 30 cm

Occupation of gel particles is 20 %

Occupation of pores is 40%

The volume between particles occupies is 40%

In then affinity column chromatography, only the bonded molecule is remains in the column rest of other are eluted so the eluted volume is equal to the volume used in the elution of excluded molecules.

Total volume of the column is,

Volume = πR2 l = 3.14 × (0.39)2×(30) = 14.3 mL

The volume of elution of excluded molecules is equal to the 40% void volume.

40% of 14.3 mL = 5.7 mL

Therefore, the volume of elution volume of excluded molecules is 5.7 mL .

The volume of small of excluded molecules is equal to the 80% void volume.

80% of 14.3 mL = 11.5 mL

Therefore, the volume of elution volume of small molecules is 11.5 mL .

Hence, the solute is absorbed on the polystyrene resin or otherwise they are eluted between 5.7 mL and 11.5 mL .

The elution volume of polyethylene glycols are 23 mL to 27 mL .

From the above calculations the given column size and elution volume of column, the molecules are eluted between 5.7 mL .

Therefore, polyethylene glycols are must adsorbed on the polystyrene resin and they are eluted between 5.7 mL and 11.5 mL .

Conclusion

Elution of polyethylene glycols from polystyrene resin in HPLC was explained.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 26, Problem 26.23P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The elution volume of excluded molecules should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Molecular exclusion chromatography:

The molecules are separated by its size in chromatographic separation is known as molecular exclusion chromatography.

In this chromatography, the large molecules are eluted first then small molecules are separated.

The elution volume is directly proportional to the molar mass of the molecule so it is called as gel filtration or permeation chromatography.

Hydrophobic interaction chromatography:

The substance, which is repels the water is known as hydrophobic substance. In Hydrophobic interaction chromatography, the stationary phase is hydrophobic substance.

In the chromatography, the molecule is interact with stationary phase of the column and the solubility of molecule, which is going to separate is decreasing salt concentration of reagent ti increasing solubility molecule.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

To calculate the elution volume of excluded molecules.

Given,

Column diameter is 7.8 mm

Column length is 30 cm

Occupation of gel particles is 20 %

Occupation of pores is 40%

The volume between particles occupies is 40%

In then affinity column chromatography, only the bonded molecule is remains in the column rest of other are eluted so the eluted volume is equal to the volume used in the elution of excluded molecules.

Total volume of the column is,

Volume = πR2 l = 3.14 × (0.39)2×(30) = 14.3 mL

The volume of elution of excluded molecules is equal to the 40% void volume.

40% of 14.3 mL = 5.7 mL

Therefore, the volume of elution volume of excluded molecules is 5.7 mL .

Conclusion

The elution volume of excluded molecules was calculated.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The elution volume of small molecules should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Molecular exclusion chromatography:

The molecules are separated by its size in chromatographic separation is known as molecular exclusion chromatography.

In this chromatography, the large molecules are eluted first then small molecules are separated.

The elution volume is directly proportional to the molar mass of the molecule so it is called as gel filtration or permeation chromatography.

Hydrophobic interaction chromatography:

The substance, which is repels the water is known as hydrophobic substance. In Hydrophobic interaction chromatography, the stationary phase is hydrophobic substance.

In the chromatography, the molecule is interact with stationary phase of the column and the solubility of molecule, which is going to separate is decreasing salt concentration of reagent ti increasing solubility molecule.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

To calculate the elution volume of excluded molecules.

Given,

Column diameter is 7.8 mm

Column length is 30 cm

Occupation of gel particles is 20 %

Occupation of pores is 40%

The volume between particles occupies is 40%

In then affinity column chromatography, only the bonded molecule is remains in the column rest of other are eluted so the eluted volume is equal to the volume used in the elution of excluded molecules.

Total volume of the column is,

Volume = πR2 l = 3.14 × (0.39)2×(30) = 14.3 mL

The volume of small of excluded molecules is equal to the 80% void volume.

80% of 14.3 mL = 11.5 mL

Therefore, the volume of elution volume of small molecules is 11.5 mL .

Conclusion

The elution volume of small molecules was calculated.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Elution of polyethylene glycols from polystyrene resin in HPLC should be explained.

Concept introduction:

Molecular exclusion chromatography:

The molecules are separated by its size in chromatographic separation is known as molecular exclusion chromatography.

In this chromatography, the large molecules are eluted first then small molecules are separated.

The elution volume is directly proportional to the molar mass of the molecule so it is called as gel filtration or permeation chromatography.

Hydrophobic interaction chromatography:

The substance, which is repels the water is known as hydrophobic substance. In Hydrophobic interaction chromatography, the stationary phase is hydrophobic substance.

In the chromatography, the molecule is interact with stationary phase of the column and the solubility of molecule, which is going to separate is decreasing salt concentration of reagent ti increasing solubility molecule.

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

To calculate the elution volume of excluded molecules.

Given,

Column diameter is 7.8 mm

Column length is 30 cm

Occupation of gel particles is 20 %

Occupation of pores is 40%

The volume between particles occupies is 40%

In then affinity column chromatography, only the bonded molecule is remains in the column rest of other are eluted so the eluted volume is equal to the volume used in the elution of excluded molecules.

Total volume of the column is,

Volume = πR2 l = 3.14 × (0.39)2×(30) = 14.3 mL

The volume of elution of excluded molecules is equal to the 40% void volume.

40% of 14.3 mL = 5.7 mL

Therefore, the volume of elution volume of excluded molecules is 5.7 mL .

The volume of small of excluded molecules is equal to the 80% void volume.

80% of 14.3 mL = 11.5 mL

Therefore, the volume of elution volume of small molecules is 11.5 mL .

Hence, the solute is absorbed on the polystyrene resin or otherwise they are eluted between 5.7 mL and 11.5 mL .

The elution volume of polyethylene glycols are 23 mL to 27 mL .

From the above calculations the given column size and elution volume of column, the molecules are eluted between 5.7 mL .

Therefore, polyethylene glycols are must adsorbed on the polystyrene resin and they are eluted between 5.7 mL and 11.5 mL .

Conclusion

Elution of polyethylene glycols from polystyrene resin in HPLC was explained.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 26, Problem 26.23P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The elution volume of excluded molecules should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Molecular exclusion chromatography:

The molecules are separated by its size in chromatographic separation is known as molecular exclusion chromatography.

In this chromatography, the large molecules are eluted first then small molecules are separated.

The elution volume is directly proportional to the molar mass of the molecule so it is called as gel filtration or permeation chromatography.

Hydrophobic interaction chromatography:

The substance, which is repels the water is known as hydrophobic substance. In Hydrophobic interaction chromatography, the stationary phase is hydrophobic substance.

In the chromatography, the molecule is interact with stationary phase of the column and the solubility of molecule, which is going to separate is decreasing salt concentration of reagent ti increasing solubility molecule.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

To calculate the elution volume of excluded molecules.

Given,

Column diameter is 7.8 mm

Column length is 30 cm

Occupation of gel particles is 20 %

Occupation of pores is 40%

The volume between particles occupies is 40%

In then affinity column chromatography, only the bonded molecule is remains in the column rest of other are eluted so the eluted volume is equal to the volume used in the elution of excluded molecules.

Total volume of the column is,

Volume = πR2 l = 3.14 × (0.39)2×(30) = 14.3 mL

The volume of elution of excluded molecules is equal to the 40% void volume.

40% of 14.3 mL = 5.7 mL

Therefore, the volume of elution volume of excluded molecules is 5.7 mL .

Conclusion

The elution volume of excluded molecules was calculated.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The elution volume of small molecules should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Molecular exclusion chromatography:

The molecules are separated by its size in chromatographic separation is known as molecular exclusion chromatography.

In this chromatography, the large molecules are eluted first then small molecules are separated.

The elution volume is directly proportional to the molar mass of the molecule so it is called as gel filtration or permeation chromatography.

Hydrophobic interaction chromatography:

The substance, which is repels the water is known as hydrophobic substance. In Hydrophobic interaction chromatography, the stationary phase is hydrophobic substance.

In the chromatography, the molecule is interact with stationary phase of the column and the solubility of molecule, which is going to separate is decreasing salt concentration of reagent ti increasing solubility molecule.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

To calculate the elution volume of excluded molecules.

Given,

Column diameter is 7.8 mm

Column length is 30 cm

Occupation of gel particles is 20 %

Occupation of pores is 40%

The volume between particles occupies is 40%

In then affinity column chromatography, only the bonded molecule is remains in the column rest of other are eluted so the eluted volume is equal to the volume used in the elution of excluded molecules.

Total volume of the column is,

Volume = πR2 l = 3.14 × (0.39)2×(30) = 14.3 mL

The volume of small of excluded molecules is equal to the 80% void volume.

80% of 14.3 mL = 11.5 mL

Therefore, the volume of elution volume of small molecules is 11.5 mL .

Conclusion

The elution volume of small molecules was calculated.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Elution of polyethylene glycols from polystyrene resin in HPLC should be explained.

Concept introduction:

Molecular exclusion chromatography:

The molecules are separated by its size in chromatographic separation is known as molecular exclusion chromatography.

In this chromatography, the large molecules are eluted first then small molecules are separated.

The elution volume is directly proportional to the molar mass of the molecule so it is called as gel filtration or permeation chromatography.

Hydrophobic interaction chromatography:

The substance, which is repels the water is known as hydrophobic substance. In Hydrophobic interaction chromatography, the stationary phase is hydrophobic substance.

In the chromatography, the molecule is interact with stationary phase of the column and the solubility of molecule, which is going to separate is decreasing salt concentration of reagent ti increasing solubility molecule.

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

To calculate the elution volume of excluded molecules.

Given,

Column diameter is 7.8 mm

Column length is 30 cm

Occupation of gel particles is 20 %

Occupation of pores is 40%

The volume between particles occupies is 40%

In then affinity column chromatography, only the bonded molecule is remains in the column rest of other are eluted so the eluted volume is equal to the volume used in the elution of excluded molecules.

Total volume of the column is,

Volume = πR2 l = 3.14 × (0.39)2×(30) = 14.3 mL

The volume of elution of excluded molecules is equal to the 40% void volume.

40% of 14.3 mL = 5.7 mL

Therefore, the volume of elution volume of excluded molecules is 5.7 mL .

The volume of small of excluded molecules is equal to the 80% void volume.

80% of 14.3 mL = 11.5 mL

Therefore, the volume of elution volume of small molecules is 11.5 mL .

Hence, the solute is absorbed on the polystyrene resin or otherwise they are eluted between 5.7 mL and 11.5 mL .

The elution volume of polyethylene glycols are 23 mL to 27 mL .

From the above calculations the given column size and elution volume of column, the molecules are eluted between 5.7 mL .

Therefore, polyethylene glycols are must adsorbed on the polystyrene resin and they are eluted between 5.7 mL and 11.5 mL .

Conclusion

Elution of polyethylene glycols from polystyrene resin in HPLC was explained.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 26, Problem 26.23P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The elution volume of excluded molecules should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Molecular exclusion chromatography:

The molecules are separated by its size in chromatographic separation is known as molecular exclusion chromatography.

In this chromatography, the large molecules are eluted first then small molecules are separated.

The elution volume is directly proportional to the molar mass of the molecule so it is called as gel filtration or permeation chromatography.

Hydrophobic interaction chromatography:

The substance, which is repels the water is known as hydrophobic substance. In Hydrophobic interaction chromatography, the stationary phase is hydrophobic substance.

In the chromatography, the molecule is interact with stationary phase of the column and the solubility of molecule, which is going to separate is decreasing salt concentration of reagent ti increasing solubility molecule.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

To calculate the elution volume of excluded molecules.

Given,

Column diameter is 7.8 mm

Column length is 30 cm

Occupation of gel particles is 20 %

Occupation of pores is 40%

The volume between particles occupies is 40%

In then affinity column chromatography, only the bonded molecule is remains in the column rest of other are eluted so the eluted volume is equal to the volume used in the elution of excluded molecules.

Total volume of the column is,

Volume = πR2 l = 3.14 × (0.39)2×(30) = 14.3 mL

The volume of elution of excluded molecules is equal to the 40% void volume.

40% of 14.3 mL = 5.7 mL

Therefore, the volume of elution volume of excluded molecules is 5.7 mL .

Conclusion

The elution volume of excluded molecules was calculated.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The elution volume of small molecules should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Molecular exclusion chromatography:

The molecules are separated by its size in chromatographic separation is known as molecular exclusion chromatography.

In this chromatography, the large molecules are eluted first then small molecules are separated.

The elution volume is directly proportional to the molar mass of the molecule so it is called as gel filtration or permeation chromatography.

Hydrophobic interaction chromatography:

The substance, which is repels the water is known as hydrophobic substance. In Hydrophobic interaction chromatography, the stationary phase is hydrophobic substance.

In the chromatography, the molecule is interact with stationary phase of the column and the solubility of molecule, which is going to separate is decreasing salt concentration of reagent ti increasing solubility molecule.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

To calculate the elution volume of excluded molecules.

Given,

Column diameter is 7.8 mm

Column length is 30 cm

Occupation of gel particles is 20 %

Occupation of pores is 40%

The volume between particles occupies is 40%

In then affinity column chromatography, only the bonded molecule is remains in the column rest of other are eluted so the eluted volume is equal to the volume used in the elution of excluded molecules.

Total volume of the column is,

Volume = πR2 l = 3.14 × (0.39)2×(30) = 14.3 mL

The volume of small of excluded molecules is equal to the 80% void volume.

80% of 14.3 mL = 11.5 mL

Therefore, the volume of elution volume of small molecules is 11.5 mL .

Conclusion

The elution volume of small molecules was calculated.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Elution of polyethylene glycols from polystyrene resin in HPLC should be explained.

Concept introduction:

Molecular exclusion chromatography:

The molecules are separated by its size in chromatographic separation is known as molecular exclusion chromatography.

In this chromatography, the large molecules are eluted first then small molecules are separated.

The elution volume is directly proportional to the molar mass of the molecule so it is called as gel filtration or permeation chromatography.

Hydrophobic interaction chromatography:

The substance, which is repels the water is known as hydrophobic substance. In Hydrophobic interaction chromatography, the stationary phase is hydrophobic substance.

In the chromatography, the molecule is interact with stationary phase of the column and the solubility of molecule, which is going to separate is decreasing salt concentration of reagent ti increasing solubility molecule.

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

To calculate the elution volume of excluded molecules.

Given,

Column diameter is 7.8 mm

Column length is 30 cm

Occupation of gel particles is 20 %

Occupation of pores is 40%

The volume between particles occupies is 40%

In then affinity column chromatography, only the bonded molecule is remains in the column rest of other are eluted so the eluted volume is equal to the volume used in the elution of excluded molecules.

Total volume of the column is,

Volume = πR2 l = 3.14 × (0.39)2×(30) = 14.3 mL

The volume of elution of excluded molecules is equal to the 40% void volume.

40% of 14.3 mL = 5.7 mL

Therefore, the volume of elution volume of excluded molecules is 5.7 mL .

The volume of small of excluded molecules is equal to the 80% void volume.

80% of 14.3 mL = 11.5 mL

Therefore, the volume of elution volume of small molecules is 11.5 mL .

Hence, the solute is absorbed on the polystyrene resin or otherwise they are eluted between 5.7 mL and 11.5 mL .

The elution volume of polyethylene glycols are 23 mL to 27 mL .

From the above calculations the given column size and elution volume of column, the molecules are eluted between 5.7 mL .

Therefore, polyethylene glycols are must adsorbed on the polystyrene resin and they are eluted between 5.7 mL and 11.5 mL .

Conclusion

Elution of polyethylene glycols from polystyrene resin in HPLC was explained.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 26, Problem 26.23P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The elution volume of excluded molecules should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Molecular exclusion chromatography:

The molecules are separated by its size in chromatographic separation is known as molecular exclusion chromatography.

In this chromatography, the large molecules are eluted first then small molecules are separated.

The elution volume is directly proportional to the molar mass of the molecule so it is called as gel filtration or permeation chromatography.

Hydrophobic interaction chromatography:

The substance, which is repels the water is known as hydrophobic substance. In Hydrophobic interaction chromatography, the stationary phase is hydrophobic substance.

In the chromatography, the molecule is interact with stationary phase of the column and the solubility of molecule, which is going to separate is decreasing salt concentration of reagent ti increasing solubility molecule.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

To calculate the elution volume of excluded molecules.

Given,

Column diameter is 7.8 mm

Column length is 30 cm

Occupation of gel particles is 20 %

Occupation of pores is 40%

The volume between particles occupies is 40%

In then affinity column chromatography, only the bonded molecule is remains in the column rest of other are eluted so the eluted volume is equal to the volume used in the elution of excluded molecules.

Total volume of the column is,

Volume = πR2 l = 3.14 × (0.39)2×(30) = 14.3 mL

The volume of elution of excluded molecules is equal to the 40% void volume.

40% of 14.3 mL = 5.7 mL

Therefore, the volume of elution volume of excluded molecules is 5.7 mL .

Conclusion

The elution volume of excluded molecules was calculated.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The elution volume of small molecules should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Molecular exclusion chromatography:

The molecules are separated by its size in chromatographic separation is known as molecular exclusion chromatography.

In this chromatography, the large molecules are eluted first then small molecules are separated.

The elution volume is directly proportional to the molar mass of the molecule so it is called as gel filtration or permeation chromatography.

Hydrophobic interaction chromatography:

The substance, which is repels the water is known as hydrophobic substance. In Hydrophobic interaction chromatography, the stationary phase is hydrophobic substance.

In the chromatography, the molecule is interact with stationary phase of the column and the solubility of molecule, which is going to separate is decreasing salt concentration of reagent ti increasing solubility molecule.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

To calculate the elution volume of excluded molecules.

Given,

Column diameter is 7.8 mm

Column length is 30 cm

Occupation of gel particles is 20 %

Occupation of pores is 40%

The volume between particles occupies is 40%

In then affinity column chromatography, only the bonded molecule is remains in the column rest of other are eluted so the eluted volume is equal to the volume used in the elution of excluded molecules.

Total volume of the column is,

Volume = πR2 l = 3.14 × (0.39)2×(30) = 14.3 mL

The volume of small of excluded molecules is equal to the 80% void volume.

80% of 14.3 mL = 11.5 mL

Therefore, the volume of elution volume of small molecules is 11.5 mL .

Conclusion

The elution volume of small molecules was calculated.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Elution of polyethylene glycols from polystyrene resin in HPLC should be explained.

Concept introduction:

Molecular exclusion chromatography:

The molecules are separated by its size in chromatographic separation is known as molecular exclusion chromatography.

In this chromatography, the large molecules are eluted first then small molecules are separated.

The elution volume is directly proportional to the molar mass of the molecule so it is called as gel filtration or permeation chromatography.

Hydrophobic interaction chromatography:

The substance, which is repels the water is known as hydrophobic substance. In Hydrophobic interaction chromatography, the stationary phase is hydrophobic substance.

In the chromatography, the molecule is interact with stationary phase of the column and the solubility of molecule, which is going to separate is decreasing salt concentration of reagent ti increasing solubility molecule.

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

To calculate the elution volume of excluded molecules.

Given,

Column diameter is 7.8 mm

Column length is 30 cm

Occupation of gel particles is 20 %

Occupation of pores is 40%

The volume between particles occupies is 40%

In then affinity column chromatography, only the bonded molecule is remains in the column rest of other are eluted so the eluted volume is equal to the volume used in the elution of excluded molecules.

Total volume of the column is,

Volume = πR2 l = 3.14 × (0.39)2×(30) = 14.3 mL

The volume of elution of excluded molecules is equal to the 40% void volume.

40% of 14.3 mL = 5.7 mL

Therefore, the volume of elution volume of excluded molecules is 5.7 mL .

The volume of small of excluded molecules is equal to the 80% void volume.

80% of 14.3 mL = 11.5 mL

Therefore, the volume of elution volume of small molecules is 11.5 mL .

Hence, the solute is absorbed on the polystyrene resin or otherwise they are eluted between 5.7 mL and 11.5 mL .

The elution volume of polyethylene glycols are 23 mL to 27 mL .

From the above calculations the given column size and elution volume of column, the molecules are eluted between 5.7 mL .

Therefore, polyethylene glycols are must adsorbed on the polystyrene resin and they are eluted between 5.7 mL and 11.5 mL .

Conclusion

Elution of polyethylene glycols from polystyrene resin in HPLC was explained.

Answer 6

Chapter 26, Problem 26.23P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The elution volume of excluded molecules should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Molecular exclusion chromatography:

The molecules are separated by its size in chromatographic separation is known as molecular exclusion chromatography.

In this chromatography, the large molecules are eluted first then small molecules are separated.

The elution volume is directly proportional to the molar mass of the molecule so it is called as gel filtration or permeation chromatography.

Hydrophobic interaction chromatography:

The substance, which is repels the water is known as hydrophobic substance. In Hydrophobic interaction chromatography, the stationary phase is hydrophobic substance.

In the chromatography, the molecule is interact with stationary phase of the column and the solubility of molecule, which is going to separate is decreasing salt concentration of reagent ti increasing solubility molecule.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

To calculate the elution volume of excluded molecules.

Given,

Column diameter is 7.8 mm

Column length is 30 cm

Occupation of gel particles is 20 %

Occupation of pores is 40%

The volume between particles occupies is 40%

In then affinity column chromatography, only the bonded molecule is remains in the column rest of other are eluted so the eluted volume is equal to the volume used in the elution of excluded molecules.

Total volume of the column is,

Volume = πR2 l = 3.14 × (0.39)2×(30) = 14.3 mL

The volume of elution of excluded molecules is equal to the 40% void volume.

40% of 14.3 mL = 5.7 mL

Therefore, the volume of elution volume of excluded molecules is 5.7 mL .

Conclusion

The elution volume of excluded molecules was calculated.

Answer 7

Chapter 26, Problem 26.23P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The elution volume of excluded molecules should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Molecular exclusion chromatography:

The molecules are separated by its size in chromatographic separation is known as molecular exclusion chromatography.

In this chromatography, the large molecules are eluted first then small molecules are separated.

The elution volume is directly proportional to the molar mass of the molecule so it is called as gel filtration or permeation chromatography.

Hydrophobic interaction chromatography:

The substance, which is repels the water is known as hydrophobic substance. In Hydrophobic interaction chromatography, the stationary phase is hydrophobic substance.

In the chromatography, the molecule is interact with stationary phase of the column and the solubility of molecule, which is going to separate is decreasing salt concentration of reagent ti increasing solubility molecule.

Answer 8

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

To calculate the elution volume of excluded molecules.

Given,

Column diameter is 7.8 mm

Column length is 30 cm

Occupation of gel particles is 20 %

Occupation of pores is 40%

The volume between particles occupies is 40%

In then affinity column chromatography, only the bonded molecule is remains in the column rest of other are eluted so the eluted volume is equal to the volume used in the elution of excluded molecules.

Total volume of the column is,

Volume = πR2 l = 3.14 × (0.39)2×(30) = 14.3 mL

The volume of elution of excluded molecules is equal to the 40% void volume.

40% of 14.3 mL = 5.7 mL

Therefore, the volume of elution volume of excluded molecules is 5.7 mL .

Answer 9

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer 10

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Conclusion

The elution volume of excluded molecules was calculated.

Answer 13

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The elution volume of small molecules should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Molecular exclusion chromatography:

The molecules are separated by its size in chromatographic separation is known as molecular exclusion chromatography.

In this chromatography, the large molecules are eluted first then small molecules are separated.

The elution volume is directly proportional to the molar mass of the molecule so it is called as gel filtration or permeation chromatography.

Hydrophobic interaction chromatography:

The substance, which is repels the water is known as hydrophobic substance. In Hydrophobic interaction chromatography, the stationary phase is hydrophobic substance.

In the chromatography, the molecule is interact with stationary phase of the column and the solubility of molecule, which is going to separate is decreasing salt concentration of reagent ti increasing solubility molecule.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

To calculate the elution volume of excluded molecules.

Given,

Column diameter is 7.8 mm

Column length is 30 cm

Occupation of gel particles is 20 %

Occupation of pores is 40%

The volume between particles occupies is 40%

In then affinity column chromatography, only the bonded molecule is remains in the column rest of other are eluted so the eluted volume is equal to the volume used in the elution of excluded molecules.

Total volume of the column is,

Volume = πR2 l = 3.14 × (0.39)2×(30) = 14.3 mL

The volume of small of excluded molecules is equal to the 80% void volume.

80% of 14.3 mL = 11.5 mL

Therefore, the volume of elution volume of small molecules is 11.5 mL .

Conclusion

The elution volume of small molecules was calculated.

Answer 14

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The elution volume of small molecules should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Molecular exclusion chromatography:

The molecules are separated by its size in chromatographic separation is known as molecular exclusion chromatography.

In this chromatography, the large molecules are eluted first then small molecules are separated.

The elution volume is directly proportional to the molar mass of the molecule so it is called as gel filtration or permeation chromatography.

Hydrophobic interaction chromatography:

The substance, which is repels the water is known as hydrophobic substance. In Hydrophobic interaction chromatography, the stationary phase is hydrophobic substance.

In the chromatography, the molecule is interact with stationary phase of the column and the solubility of molecule, which is going to separate is decreasing salt concentration of reagent ti increasing solubility molecule.

Answer 15

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

To calculate the elution volume of excluded molecules.

Given,

Column diameter is 7.8 mm

Column length is 30 cm

Occupation of gel particles is 20 %

Occupation of pores is 40%

The volume between particles occupies is 40%

In then affinity column chromatography, only the bonded molecule is remains in the column rest of other are eluted so the eluted volume is equal to the volume used in the elution of excluded molecules.

Total volume of the column is,

Volume = πR2 l = 3.14 × (0.39)2×(30) = 14.3 mL

The volume of small of excluded molecules is equal to the 80% void volume.

80% of 14.3 mL = 11.5 mL

Therefore, the volume of elution volume of small molecules is 11.5 mL .

Answer 16

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer 17

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Expert Solution

Answer 19

Conclusion

The elution volume of small molecules was calculated.

Answer 20

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Elution of polyethylene glycols from polystyrene resin in HPLC should be explained.

Concept introduction:

Molecular exclusion chromatography:

The molecules are separated by its size in chromatographic separation is known as molecular exclusion chromatography.

In this chromatography, the large molecules are eluted first then small molecules are separated.

The elution volume is directly proportional to the molar mass of the molecule so it is called as gel filtration or permeation chromatography.

Hydrophobic interaction chromatography:

The substance, which is repels the water is known as hydrophobic substance. In Hydrophobic interaction chromatography, the stationary phase is hydrophobic substance.

In the chromatography, the molecule is interact with stationary phase of the column and the solubility of molecule, which is going to separate is decreasing salt concentration of reagent ti increasing solubility molecule.

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

To calculate the elution volume of excluded molecules.

Given,

Column diameter is 7.8 mm

Column length is 30 cm

Occupation of gel particles is 20 %

Occupation of pores is 40%

The volume between particles occupies is 40%

In then affinity column chromatography, only the bonded molecule is remains in the column rest of other are eluted so the eluted volume is equal to the volume used in the elution of excluded molecules.

Total volume of the column is,

Volume = πR2 l = 3.14 × (0.39)2×(30) = 14.3 mL

The volume of elution of excluded molecules is equal to the 40% void volume.

40% of 14.3 mL = 5.7 mL

Therefore, the volume of elution volume of excluded molecules is 5.7 mL .

The volume of small of excluded molecules is equal to the 80% void volume.

80% of 14.3 mL = 11.5 mL

Therefore, the volume of elution volume of small molecules is 11.5 mL .

Hence, the solute is absorbed on the polystyrene resin or otherwise they are eluted between 5.7 mL and 11.5 mL .

The elution volume of polyethylene glycols are 23 mL to 27 mL .

From the above calculations the given column size and elution volume of column, the molecules are eluted between 5.7 mL .

Therefore, polyethylene glycols are must adsorbed on the polystyrene resin and they are eluted between 5.7 mL and 11.5 mL .

Conclusion

Elution of polyethylene glycols from polystyrene resin in HPLC was explained.

Answer 21

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Elution of polyethylene glycols from polystyrene resin in HPLC should be explained.

Concept introduction:

Molecular exclusion chromatography:

The molecules are separated by its size in chromatographic separation is known as molecular exclusion chromatography.

In this chromatography, the large molecules are eluted first then small molecules are separated.

The elution volume is directly proportional to the molar mass of the molecule so it is called as gel filtration or permeation chromatography.

Hydrophobic interaction chromatography:

The substance, which is repels the water is known as hydrophobic substance. In Hydrophobic interaction chromatography, the stationary phase is hydrophobic substance.

In the chromatography, the molecule is interact with stationary phase of the column and the solubility of molecule, which is going to separate is decreasing salt concentration of reagent ti increasing solubility molecule.

Answer 22

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

To calculate the elution volume of excluded molecules.

Given,

Column diameter is 7.8 mm

Column length is 30 cm

Occupation of gel particles is 20 %

Occupation of pores is 40%

The volume between particles occupies is 40%

In then affinity column chromatography, only the bonded molecule is remains in the column rest of other are eluted so the eluted volume is equal to the volume used in the elution of excluded molecules.

Total volume of the column is,

Volume = πR2 l = 3.14 × (0.39)2×(30) = 14.3 mL