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For the waveforms in Fig. 26.32, determine whether the following will be present in the Fourier series representation:
a. dc term
b. cosine terms
c. sine terms
d. even-ordered harmonics
e. odd-ordered harmonics
(a)
Whether dc term, cosine terms, sine terms, even ordered harmonics and odd ordered harmonics will be present in the given Fourier Series representation or not.
Answer to Problem 1P
The D.C. term is not present in the waveform, cosine terms are not present in the waveform, sine terms are present in the waveform, even ordered harmonics are not present in the waveform and odd ordered harmonics are present in the waveform.
Explanation of Solution
Calculation:
The waveform for Fourier series representation is drawn as shown in Figure 1.
Case 1:
D.C. value is the average value of the waveform. And as the area above the horizontal axis and below the horizontal axis is equal, so the value of area and the average is zero for the waveform.
Therefore, D.C. term is not present in the waveform.
Case 2:
If waveform is symmetric about vertical axis, it has an even symmetry. And for an even symmetry, the wave Fourier series contains D.C. and cosine term.
As waveform is not symmetric about the vertical axis, it means cosine terms are not present in the waveform.
Case 3:
If waveform is symmetric about origin it has odd symmetry. And for odd symmetry wave Fourier series contain D.C. and sine term.
As waveform is symmetric about origin, it means sine terms are present in the waveform.
Case 4:
Cosine term is even function and sine terms are odd function.
As waveform does not contain cosine term, therefore, even ordered harmonics are not present in the waveform.
Case 5:
Cosine term is even function and sine terms are odd function.
As the waveform contains sine term, therefore, odd ordered harmonics are present in the waveform.
Conclusion:
Thus, D.C. term is not present in the waveform, cosine terms are not present in the waveform, sine terms are present in the waveform, even ordered harmonics are not present in the waveform and odd ordered harmonics are present in the waveform.
(b)
Whether dc term, cosine terms, sine terms, even ordered harmonics and odd ordered harmonics will be present in the given Fourier Series representation or not.
Answer to Problem 1P
The D.C. term is present in the waveform, cosine terms are not present in the waveform, sine terms are not present in the waveform, even ordered harmonics are not present in the waveform and odd ordered harmonics are not present in the waveform.
Explanation of Solution
Calculation:
The waveform for Fourier series representation is drawn as shown in Figure 2.
Case 1:
D.C. value is the average value of the waveform. And as area above the horizontal axis and below the horizontal axis is not equal so value of area and average is not zero for the waveform.
Therefore D.C. term is present in the waveform.
Case 2:
If waveform is symmetric about vertical axis it has even symmetry. And for even symmetry wave Fourier series contain D.C. and cosine term.
As waveform is not symmetric about vertical axis it means cosine terms are not present in the waveform.
Case 3:
If waveform is symmetric about origin it has odd symmetry. And for odd symmetry wave Fourier series contain D.C. and sine term.
As waveform is not symmetric about origin it means sine terms are not present in the waveform.
Case 4:
Cosine term is even function and sine terms are odd function.
As waveform does not contain cosine term therefore even ordered harmonics are not present in the waveform.
Case 5:
Cosine term is even function and sine terms are odd function.
As waveform does not contains sine term therefore odd ordered harmonics are not present in the waveform.
Conclusion:
Thus, D.C. term is present in the waveform, cosine terms are not present in the waveform, sine terms are not present in the waveform, even ordered harmonics are not present in the waveform and odd ordered harmonics are not present in the waveform.
(c)
Whether dc term, cosine terms, sine terms, even ordered harmonics and odd ordered harmonics will be present in the given Fourier Series representation or not.
Answer to Problem 1P
The D.C. term is present in the waveform, cosine terms are present in the waveform, sine terms are not present in the waveform, even ordered harmonics are present in the waveform and odd ordered harmonics are not present in the waveform.
Explanation of Solution
Calculation:
The waveform for Fourier series representation is drawn as shown in Figure 3.
Case 1:
D.C. value is the average value of the waveform. And as area above the horizontal axis and below the horizontal axis is not equal so value of area and average is not zero for the waveform.
Therefore D.C. term is present in the waveform.
Case 2:
If waveform is symmetric about vertical axis it has even symmetry. And for even symmetry wave Fourier series contain D.C. and cosine term.
As waveform is symmetric about vertical axis it means cosine terms are present in the waveform.
Case 3:
If waveform is symmetric about origin it has odd symmetry. And for odd symmetry wave Fourier series contain D.C. and sine term.
As waveform is not symmetric about origin it means sine terms are not present in the waveform.
Case 4:
Cosine term is even function and sine terms are odd function.
As waveform contain cosine term therefore even ordered harmonics are present in the waveform.
Case 5:
Cosine term is even function and sine terms are odd function.
As waveform does not contains sine term therefore odd ordered harmonics are not present in the waveform.
Conclusion:
Thus, D.C. term is present in the waveform, cosine terms are present in the waveform, sine terms are not present in the waveform, even ordered harmonics are present in the waveform and odd ordered harmonics are not present in the waveform.
(d)
Whether dc term, cosine terms, sine terms, even ordered harmonics and odd ordered harmonics will be present in the given Fourier Series representation or not.
Answer to Problem 1P
The D.C. term is present in the waveform, cosine terms are not present in the waveform, sine terms are present in the waveform, even ordered harmonics are not present in the waveform and odd ordered harmonics are present in the waveform.
Explanation of Solution
Calculation:
The waveform for Fourier series representation is drawn as shown in Figure 4.
Case 1:
D.C. value is the average value of the waveform. And as area above the horizontal axis and below the horizontal axis is equal so value of area and average is zero for the waveform.
Therefore D.C. term is present in the waveform.
Case 2:
If waveform is symmetric about vertical axis it has even symmetry. And for even symmetry wave Fourier series contain D.C. and cosine term.
As waveform is not symmetric about vertical axis it means cosine terms are not present in the waveform.
Case 3:
If waveform is symmetric about origin it has odd symmetry. And for odd symmetry wave Fourier series contain D.C. and sine term.
As waveform is symmetric about origin it means sine terms are present in the waveform.
Case 4:
Cosine term is even function and sine terms are odd function.
As waveform does not contain cosine term therefore even ordered harmonics are not present in the waveform.
Case 5:
Cosine term is even function and sine terms are odd function.
As waveform contains sine term therefore odd ordered harmonics are present in the waveform.
Conclusion:
Thus, D.C. term is present in the waveform, cosine terms are not present in the waveform, sine terms are present in the waveform, even ordered harmonics are not present in the waveform and odd ordered harmonics are present in the waveform.
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Chapter 26 Solutions
Laboratory Manual for Introductory Circuit Analysis
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