Anatomy & Physiology
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781259398629
Author: McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher: Mcgraw Hill Education,
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Chapter 26, Problem 1CAL
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The stomach is present just below the diaphragm and in the upper left region of the abdomen. Stomach mixes the ingested food with gastric secretions and digests the food into semi-fluid chime. Stomach consists of some secretory cells whose secretions help in the digestion process.
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9. Aerobic respiration of one lipid molecule. The lipid is composed of one glycerol molecule connected to two
fatty acid tails. One fatty acid is 12 carbons long and the other fatty acid is 18 carbons long in the figure
below. Use the information below to determine how much ATP will be produced from the glycerol part of
the lipid. Then, in part B, determine how much ATP is produced from the 2 fatty acids of the lipid. Finally
put the NADH and ATP yields together from the glycerol and fatty acids (part A and B) to determine your
total number of ATP produced per lipid. Assume no other carbon source is available.
18 carbons
fatty acids
12 carbons
9
glycerol
A. Glycerol is broken down to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, a glycolysis intermediate via the following
pathway shown in the figure below. Notice this process costs one ATP but generates one FADH2. Continue
generating ATP with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate using the standard pathway and aerobic respiration.
glycerol
glycerol-3-
phosphate…
Normal dive (for diving humans)
normal
breathing
dive
normal
breathing
Oz level
CO2 level
urgent need
to breathe
Oz blackout zone
high CO2 triggers breathing
6. This diagram shows rates of oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood in
relation to the levels needed to maintain consciousness and trigger the urgent need to breathe in
diving humans.
How might the location and slope of the O₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as
whales and dolphins?
•
How might the location and slope of the CO₂ line differ for diving marine mammals such as
whales and dolphins?
•
•
Draw in predicted lines for O2 and CO2, based on your reasoning above.
How might the location of the Urgent Need to Breathe line and the O2 Blackout Zone line
differ for diving marine mammals?
What physiological mechanisms account for each of these differences, resulting in the ability
of marine mammals to stay submerged for long periods of time?
foraging/diet type
teeth
tongue
stomach
intestines
cecum
Insectivory
numerous, spiky, incisors procumbentExample: moleExample: shrew
--
simple
short
mostly lacking
Myrmecophagy
absent or reduced in numbers, peg-likeExample: tamandua anteater
extremely long
simple, often roughened
short
small or lacking
Terrestrial carnivory
sharp incisors; long, conical canines; often carnassial cheek teeth; may have crushing molarsExample: dog
--
simple
short
small
Aquatic carnivory
homodont, spiky, numerousExample: common dolphin
--
simple or multichambered (cetaceans only)
variable
small or absent
Sanguinivory
very sharp upper incisors; reduced cheek teethExample: vampire bat
grooved
tubular, highly extensible
long
small or lacking
Herbivory (except nectivores)
incisors robust or absent; canines reduced or absent; diastema; cheek teeth enlarged with complex occlusal surfacesExample: beaver
--
simple (hindgut fermenters) or multichambered (ruminants)
long
large
Filter feeding
none…
Chapter 26 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 26.1 - LEARNING OBJECTIVE
1. Identify the six organs that...Ch. 26.1 - LEARNING OBJECTIVE
2. List the accessory digestive...Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 1WDLCh. 26.1 - LEARNING OBJECTIVE
3. List and describe the six...Ch. 26.1 - What is the primary difference between mechanical...Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 4LOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 5LOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 6LOCh. 26.1 - What specific layer(s) must substances cross to...Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 4WDL
Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 5WDLCh. 26.1 - Prob. 7LOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 8LOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 9LOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 6WDLCh. 26.1 - Prob. 7WDLCh. 26.1 - LEARNING OBJECTIVE
10. Describe the structure of...Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 11LOCh. 26.1 - LEARNING OBJECTIVE
12. Explain the function of the...Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 1WDTCh. 26.1 - What is the difference between intraperitoneal and...Ch. 26.1 - Where is the greater omentum located?Ch. 26.2 - Prob. 13LOCh. 26.2 - Prob. 10WDLCh. 26.2 - Prob. 14LOCh. 26.2 - LEARNING OBJECTIVE
15. Describe the structure and...Ch. 26.2 - Prob. 16LOCh. 26.2 - Prob. 17LOCh. 26.2 - Prob. 2WDTCh. 26.2 - Prob. 11WDLCh. 26.2 - Prob. 18LOCh. 26.2 - Prob. 12WDLCh. 26.2 - How is the bolus moved from the oral cavity into...Ch. 26.2 - Prob. 19LOCh. 26.2 - Prob. 20LOCh. 26.2 - Prob. 21LOCh. 26.2 - Prob. 3WDTCh. 26.2 - Prob. 14WDLCh. 26.2 - Prob. 15WDLCh. 26.3 - Prob. 22LOCh. 26.3 - What organs are considered part of the lower GI...Ch. 26.3 - Prob. 23LOCh. 26.3 - Prob. 24LOCh. 26.3 - Prob. 25LOCh. 26.3 - Prob. 4WDTCh. 26.3 - What are the three anatomic structures that...Ch. 26.3 - WHAT DID YOU LEARN?
18 Which type of motility is...Ch. 26.3 - Prob. 26LOCh. 26.3 - Prob. 27LOCh. 26.3 - Prob. 28LOCh. 26.3 - Prob. 5WDTCh. 26.3 - Where do deoxygenated, nutrient-rich blood and...Ch. 26.3 - Prob. 20WDLCh. 26.3 - Prob. 21WDLCh. 26.3 - Prob. 29LOCh. 26.3 - Prob. 30LOCh. 26.3 - Prob. 31LOCh. 26.3 - Prob. 22WDLCh. 26.3 - Prob. 23WDLCh. 26.3 - Which substances are typically absorbed by the...Ch. 26.4 - LEARNING OBJECTIVE
32. Name the three classes of...Ch. 26.4 - Prob. 33LOCh. 26.4 - Prob. 34LOCh. 26.4 - Prob. 25WDLCh. 26.4 - Prob. 35LOCh. 26.4 - Prob. 36LOCh. 26.4 - Prob. 37LOCh. 26.4 - How are proteolytic enzymes activated in the...Ch. 26.4 - LEARNING OBJECTIVE
38. Explain the role of bile...Ch. 26.4 - LEARNING OBJECTIVE
39. Discuss the process by...Ch. 26.4 - What is the function of bile salts in lipid...Ch. 26.4 - WHAT DID YOU LEARN?
28 How do micelles and...Ch. 26.4 - Prob. 40LOCh. 26.4 - Prob. 29WDLCh. 26.4 - Prob. 41LOCh. 26.4 - Prob. 42LOCh. 26.4 - WHAT DID YOU LEARN?
30 Explain the details of...Ch. 26 - _____ 1. Which organ is located in the right upper...Ch. 26 - _____ 2. The _____ cells of the stomach are...Ch. 26 - _____ 3. Which of the following is an unregulated...Ch. 26 - _____ 4. Which organ (or part of an organ) is...Ch. 26 - _____ 5. Pancreatic juice contains a. HCO3 and...Ch. 26 - _____ 6. Bile is transported through the a....Ch. 26 - _____ 7. Digestion of proteins begins in the a....Ch. 26 - Prob. 8DYBCh. 26 - _____ 9. Digestive enzymes that chemically digest...Ch. 26 - _____ 10. Most of the absorption of our digested...Ch. 26 - The GI tract from the esophagus to the anal canal...Ch. 26 - Discuss the reason why the involuntary sequence of...Ch. 26 - Prob. 13DYBCh. 26 - Compare the structure of the circular folds,...Ch. 26 - Discuss why the tunica mucosa in the colon has a...Ch. 26 - Prob. 16DYBCh. 26 - What is the role of the gallbladder in digestion?Ch. 26 - Describe the different forms of mechanical...Ch. 26 - Prob. 19DYBCh. 26 - How are lipids absorbed in the GI tract?Ch. 26 - Prob. 1CALCh. 26 - Prob. 2CALCh. 26 - What component of the digestive tract can you not...Ch. 26 - The pancreatic ducts are blocked with a thick,...Ch. 26 - Prob. 5CALCh. 26 - Alexandra experienced vomiting and diarrhea and...Ch. 26 - A key event in the chemical digestion processes...Ch. 26 - Most cases of colorectal cancer occur in the most...
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- 3. Shown below is the dental formula and digestive tract anatomy of three mammalian species (A, B, and C). What kind of diet would you expect each species to have? Support your answers with what you can infer from the dental formula and what you can see in the diagram. Broadly speaking, what accounts for the differences? Species A 3/3, 1/1, 4/4, 3/3 པར『ན་ cm 30 Species B 4/3, 1/1, 2/2, 4/4 cm 10 Species C 0/4, 0/0,3/3, 3/3 020arrow_forward3. Shown below is the dental formula and digestive tract anatomy of three mammalian species (A, B, and C). What kind of diet would you expect each species to have? Support your answers with what you can infer from the dental formula and what you can see in the diagram. Broadly speaking, what accounts for the differences? Species A 3/3, 1/1, 4/4, 3/3 cm 30 Species B 0/4, 0/0, 3/3, 3/3 cm 10 Species C 4/3, 1/1, 2/2, 4/4 E 0 cm 20 AILarrow_forwardNormal dive (for diving humans) normal breathing dive normal breathing Oz level CO₂ level urgent need to breathe Oz blackout zone high CO₂ triggers breathing 6. This diagram shows rates of oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide accumulation in the blood in relation to the levels needed to maintain consciousness and trigger the urgent need to breathe in diving humans. • How might the location and slope of the O2 line differ for diving marine mammals such as whales and dolphins? • How might the location and slope of the CO2 line differ for diving marine mammals such as whales and dolphins? • • Draw in predicted lines for O2 and CO2, based on your reasoning above. How might the location of the Urgent Need to Breathe line and the O2 Blackout Zone line differ for diving marine mammals? What physiological mechanisms account for each of these differences, resulting in the ability of marine mammals to stay submerged for long periods of time?arrow_forward
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