Chapter 26, Problem 19P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The molecule which carries the phosphate groups in the catabolic pathway is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

The full form of ATP is adenosine triphosphate which contains three phosphate groups. The energy in human beings is stored as ATP.

ATP is synthesized in mitochondria (called power house) by oxidative phosphorylation. It acts as a source of energy to carry out the biological process.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The coenzymes which transfer the hydrogen ions and electrons in the catabolic pathway are to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

The full form of FAD is flavin adenine dinucleotide. It consists of riboflavin and ADP which are bridged together by phosphate groups. The riboflavin is formed by the combination of flavin and ribitol. The phosphodiester bond exists between the ribitol and the phosphate group in FAD.

The full form of ${\text{NAD}}^{+}$ is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. ${\text{NAD}}^{+}$ is a coenzyme which is known as dinucleotide. The two nucleotides are linked through phosphate groups.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The kind of groups carried by the coenzyme A in the catabolic pathway is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

The acetyl-CoA enzyme is used for the oxidation of fatty acids and pyruvate. It is synthesized from vitamin $\text{B5}$ and extracted from the yeast. It contains pantothenic acid, phosphorylated ADP and mercaptoethylamine.