Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780357119303
Author: Bettelheim, Frederick A., Brown, William H., Campbell, Mary K., FARRELL, Shawn O., Torres, Omar
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 26, Problem 13P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
Among the given processes, the one which yields more energy is to be predicted.
Concept Introduction:
The full form of ATP is adenosine triphosphate which contains three phosphate groups. The energy in human beings is stored as ATP.
ATP is synthesized in mitochondria (called power house) by oxidative phosphorylation. It acts as a source of energy to carry out the biological process.
The full form of ADP is adenosine diphosphate which contains two phosphate groups. It is formed by the hydrolysis of ATP.
The full form of AMP is adenosine monophosphate which contains only one phosphate group and formed by the hydrolysis of ADP.
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. Each gram of mammalian skeletal muscle consumes ATP at a rate of
about 1x 10-3 mol/min during contraction. Concentrations of
ATP and creatine phosphate in muscle are about 4 mM and 25 mM,
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(a) How long could contraction continue using ATP alone?
(b) If all creatine phosphate were converted into ATP and utilized as
well, how long could contraction continue?
(c) What do these answers tell you?
The oxidation of 1 mol of glucose supplies enough meta-bolic energy to form 36 mol of ATP. Oxidation of 1 mol of a typ-ical dietary fat like tristearin (C₅₇H₁₁₆O₆) yields enough energyto form 458 mol of ATP. (a) How many molecules of ATP canform per gram of glucose? (b) Per gram of tristearin?
Give an account of the total ATP yield when I molecule of glucose is converted to carbon dioxide and water?
Chapter 26 Solutions
Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 26.1QCCh. 26.2 - Prob. 26.2QCCh. 26.3 - Prob. 26.3QCCh. 26.4 - Prob. 26.4QCCh. 26.5 - Prob. 26.5QCCh. 26.6 - Prob. 26.6QCCh. 26.7 - Prob. 26.7QCCh. 26.8 - Prob. 26.8QCCh. 26 - Prob. 1PCh. 26 - Prob. 2P
Ch. 26 - Prob. 3PCh. 26 - Prob. 4PCh. 26 - Prob. 5PCh. 26 - Prob. 6PCh. 26 - (a) How many membranes do mitochondria have? (b)...Ch. 26 - Prob. 8PCh. 26 - Prob. 9PCh. 26 - Prob. 10PCh. 26 - Prob. 11PCh. 26 - Prob. 12PCh. 26 - Prob. 13PCh. 26 - Prob. 14PCh. 26 - What kind of chemical bond exists between the...Ch. 26 - Prob. 16PCh. 26 - Which atoms in the flavin portion of FAD are...Ch. 26 - NAD+ has two ribose units in its structure; FAD...Ch. 26 - Prob. 19PCh. 26 - The ribitol in FAD is bound to phosphate. What is...Ch. 26 - What kind Of chemical bond exists between the...Ch. 26 - Prob. 22PCh. 26 - Prob. 23PCh. 26 - Prob. 24PCh. 26 - Prob. 25PCh. 26 - Prob. 26PCh. 26 - Prob. 27PCh. 26 - Prob. 28PCh. 26 - Prob. 29PCh. 26 - Prob. 30PCh. 26 - Prob. 31PCh. 26 - Prob. 32PCh. 26 - Prob. 33PCh. 26 - Prob. 34PCh. 26 - Prob. 35PCh. 26 - Prob. 36PCh. 26 - Prob. 37PCh. 26 - Prob. 38PCh. 26 - Prob. 39PCh. 26 - Prob. 40PCh. 26 - Prob. 41PCh. 26 - Prob. 42PCh. 26 - Prob. 43PCh. 26 - Prob. 44PCh. 26 - Prob. 45PCh. 26 - Prob. 46PCh. 26 - Prob. 47PCh. 26 - Prob. 48PCh. 26 - Prob. 49PCh. 26 - Prob. 50PCh. 26 - Prob. 51PCh. 26 - Prob. 52PCh. 26 - Prob. 53PCh. 26 - A hexose (C6) enters the common metabolic pathway...Ch. 26 - Prob. 55PCh. 26 - Prob. 56PCh. 26 - Prob. 57PCh. 26 - Prob. 58PCh. 26 - Prob. 59PCh. 26 - Prob. 60PCh. 26 - Prob. 61PCh. 26 - Prob. 62PCh. 26 - Prob. 63PCh. 26 - Prob. 64PCh. 26 - Prob. 65PCh. 26 - Prob. 66PCh. 26 - Prob. 67PCh. 26 - Prob. 68PCh. 26 - Prob. 69PCh. 26 - What is the basic difference in the functional...Ch. 26 - Prob. 71PCh. 26 - Prob. 72PCh. 26 - Prob. 73PCh. 26 - Prob. 74PCh. 26 - Prob. 75PCh. 26 - Prob. 76PCh. 26 - Prob. 77PCh. 26 - Prob. 78PCh. 26 - Prob. 79PCh. 26 - Prob. 80PCh. 26 - Prob. 81PCh. 26 - Prob. 82PCh. 26 - Prob. 83PCh. 26 - Prob. 84PCh. 26 - Prob. 85PCh. 26 - Prob. 86PCh. 26 - Some soft drinks contain citric acid as flavoring....Ch. 26 - Prob. 88PCh. 26 - Prob. 89PCh. 26 - Prob. 90PCh. 26 - Prob. 91PCh. 26 - Prob. 92PCh. 26 - Prob. 93PCh. 26 - Prob. 94PCh. 26 - Prob. 95PCh. 26 - Prob. 96PCh. 26 - Prob. 97PCh. 26 - Why is it somewhat misleading to study biochemi-...Ch. 26 - Prob. 99PCh. 26 - Prob. 100PCh. 26 - Prob. 101PCh. 26 - Prob. 102PCh. 26 - Prob. 103PCh. 26 - Prob. 104PCh. 26 - Prob. 105PCh. 26 - Prob. 106PCh. 26 - Prob. 107PCh. 26 - Prob. 108PCh. 26 - Prob. 109PCh. 26 - Prob. 110PCh. 26 - Prob. 111PCh. 26 - Prob. 112P
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- Specify, by name and by number present, the structural subunits present in an ATP molecule.arrow_forwardUsing symbolic formulas such as ADP and PPi, write equations for the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and the hydrolysis of ATP to AMP.arrow_forwardNADH and FADH2 can "create" ATP only if the cell can do electron transport True Falsearrow_forward
- The average adult consumes approximately 11,700 kJ per day. Assuming that the metabolic pathways leading to ATP synthesis operate at 50% thermodynamic efficiency, about 5850 kJ ends up in the form of synthesized ATP. The average adult consumes approximately 11,700 kJ per day. Assuming that the metabolic pathways leading to ATP synthesis operate at 50% thermodynamic efficiency, about 5850 kJ ends up in the form of synthesized ATP. Imagine that creatine phosphate, rather than ATP, is the universal energy carrier molecule in the human body. Assume that the cellular concentrations of creatine phosphate, creatine, and phosphate are 21.7 mM, 2.17×10-3 mM, and 6.30 mM, respectively. Calculate the weight of creatine phosphate that would need to be consumed each day by a typical adult human if creatine phosphate could not be recycled. Estimate the free energy of hyrdolysis of creatine phosphate under cellular conditions to determine how many moles are required. Use the standard…arrow_forwardWhich metabolic pathway is directly responsible for the production of the most ATP molecules?arrow_forwardTo learn more about the role of the electron transport chain in generating energy during respiration in this organism, you use two drugs. These drugs can each pick up electrons from specific intermediates in the pathway as shown above. You treat cells carrying out respiration with either a saturating dose of drug A or B, so that all the electrons which would normally continue along the pathway are captured by the drug in question. Complete the following table. In the presence of drug A, will the rate of ATP synthesis increase, decrease, or stay the same? Explain your reasoning. In the presence of drug B, will the rate of ATP synthesis increase, decrease, or stay the same? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forward
- The reaction for “activation” of a fatty acid (RCOO−), ATP + CoA + RCOO−⇌ RCOOCoA + AMP + PPi has ΔG°′ = +4.6 kJ · mol−1. What is the thermo dynamic driving force for this reaction?arrow_forwardAs you exhale each breath, you expel about 0.5 L against a pressure of 1 atm. (a) If you breathe about 30 times per minute, how much work do you do in this way each day? (Neglect any work involved in inhaling.) (b) Using the AG value for ATP hydrolysis, what is the minimum number of moles of ATP you will utilize per day just in breathing?arrow_forwardGive an example of a coupled reaction showing an overall change in free energy.arrow_forward
- What are the three kinds of enzymes-controlled reaction so that the chemical bond energy from a certain nutrietiens is released to the cell in a form of ATP?arrow_forwardRigor mortis, the stiffening of muscles. after death is due to the depletion of intracellular ATP. Provide the biochemical basis of rigor mortisarrow_forwardAt what point in photosynthesis is the proton motive force generated? in the light harvesting complex of photosystem I| as electrons are passed to the enzyme NADP+ reductase as electrons move between photosystem II and photosystem I in the Calvin cycle O as electrons are passed to the primary electron acceptorarrow_forward
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