
(a)
Interpretation:
The role of the process of diffusion in the transport of gasses through the body needs to be explained.
Concept Introduction:
The gasses are transported from the lungs to the whole body and this transfer of gases in the lungs takes place by the process of diffusion. The gasses in the lungs diffuse from their region of high pressure to their region of low pressure and are either taken throughout the body or exhale out depending upon the gas.
(b)
Interpretation:
The role of carbaminohemoglobin in the transport of gases throughout the body needs to be explained.
Concept Introduction:
Other than diffusion there are other methods as well for the transport of gases and the carbaminohemoglobin is one of the methods of transport for the carbon dioxide gas where the carbon dioxide bonds with hemoglobin to form carbaminohemoglobin as per the following equation:
(c)
Interpretation:
The role of alveoli in the transfer of gases throughout the body needs to be explained.
Concept Introduction:
Alveoli are the air sacs in the lungs which basically increases the surface area capacity of the lungs and theses very alveoli are the sites of the gases transfer from the atmosphere to the blood in the body.
(d)
Interpretation:
The role of carbonic anhydrase in the transfer of gases throughout the body needs to be explained.
Concept Introduction:
The transfer of carbon dioxide also takes place by the means of carbonic anhydrase. The carbonic anhydrase converts to carbonic acid

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Chapter 25 Solutions
Connect One Semester Access Card for General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry
- Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting anand product sytucutrs, draw the curved electron-pusing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic steps. Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bind-making stepsarrow_forwardDraw the major elimination and substitution products formed in this reavtion. Use a dash or wedge bond to indicatr the stereochemistry of substituents on assymetric centers, wheere applicable. Ignore any inorganic byproducts.arrow_forwardDraw the two possible products produced in this E2 elimination. Ignore any inorganic byproductsarrow_forward
- Draw the major products of this SN1 reaction. Ignore any inorganic byproducts.arrow_forwardDraw the major elimination and substitution products formed in this reaction. Use a dash or wedge bond to indicate the stereochemistry of substituents on asymmetric centers, wehre applicable. Ignore and inorganic byproducts.arrow_forwardCurved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting and product structures, draw the curved electron-pushing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic step(s). Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps. Drawing Arrows THE Problem 33 of 35 N. C:0 Na + Submit Drag To Pan +arrow_forward
- Draw the product of the E2 reaction shown below. Include the correct stereochemistry. Ignore and inorganic byproducts.arrow_forwardDraw the major producrs of this SN1 reaction. Ignore any inorganic byproducts. Use a dash or wedge bond to indicate the sereochemistry of substituents on asymmetric centers where appllicable.arrow_forward5) Oxaloacetic Acid is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of citric acid. Synthesize oxaloacetic acid using a mixed Claisen Condensation reaction with two different esters and a sodium ethoxide base. Give your answer as a scheme Hint 1: Your final acid product is producing using a decarboxylation reaction. Hint 2: Look up the structure of oxalic acid. HO all OH oxaloacetic acidarrow_forward
- 20. The Brusselator. This hypothetical system was first proposed by a group work- ing in Brussels [see Prigogine and Lefever (1968)] in connection with spatially nonuniform chemical patterns. Because certain steps involve trimolecular reac tions, it is not a model of any real chemical system but rather a prototype that has been studied extensively. The reaction steps are A-X. B+X-Y+D. 2X+ Y-3X, X-E. 305 It is assumed that concentrations of A, B, D, and E are kept artificially con stant so that only X and Y vary with time. (a) Show that if all rate constants are chosen appropriately, the equations de scribing a Brusselator are: dt A-(B+ 1)x + x²y, dy =Bx-x²y. diarrow_forwardProblem 3. Provide a mechanism for the following transformation: H₂SO A Me. Me Me Me Mearrow_forwardYou are trying to decide if there is a single reagent you can add that will make the following synthesis possible without any other major side products: xi 1. ☑ 2. H₂O хе i Draw the missing reagent X you think will make this synthesis work in the drawing area below. If there is no reagent that will make your desired product in good yield or without complications, just check the box under the drawing area and leave it blank. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. There is no reagent that will make this synthesis work without complications. : ☐ S ☐arrow_forward
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