Organic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781118875766
Author: T. W. Graham Solomons, Craig B. Fryhle, Scott A. Snyder
Publisher: WILEY
bartleby

Videos

Textbook Question
Book Icon
Chapter 25, Problem LGP

Research suggests that expression of certain genes is controlled by conversion of some cytosine bases in the genome to 5-methylcytosine by an enzyme called DNA methyltransferase. Cytosine methylation may be a means by which some genes are turned off as cells differentiate during growth and development. It may also play a role in some cancer processes and in defending the genome from foreign DNA such as viral genes. Measuring the level of methylation in DNA is an important analytical process. One method for measuring cytosine methylation is known as methylation-specific PCR. This technique requires that all unmethylated cytosines in a sample of DNA be converted to uracil by deamination of the C4 amino group in the unmethylated cytosines. This is accomplished by treating the DNA with sodium bisulfite ( N a H S O 3 ) to form a bisulfite addition product with its unmethylated cytosine residues. The cytosine sulfonates that result are then subjected to hydrolysis conditions that convert the C4 amino group to a carbonyl group, resulting in uracil sulfonate. Finally, treatment with base causes elimination of the sulfonate group to produce uracil. The modified DNA is then amplified by PCR using primers designed to distinguish DNA with methylated cytosine from cytosine-to-uracil converted bases. Write detailed mechanisms for the reactions used to convert cytosine to uracil by the above sequence of steps.

Blurred answer
Students have asked these similar questions
Is there a need to have a foundation in Organic Chemistry in studying Biochemistry?
Complete the sentence to make it true. The single most important contribution to the stability of a water soluble globular protein's conformation appears to be the sum of free energies of formation of many weak interactions among the hundreds of amino acids in a protein. entropy increase from the decrease in the number of ordered water molecules forming a solvent shell around the unfolded protein. sum of free energies of formation of many weak interactions between a protein's polar amino acids and surrounding water. maximum enthalpy increase from ionic interactions between the ionized amino acids in a protein. stabilizing effect of hydrogen bonding in a protein between the carbonyl group of one peptide bond and the amino group of another
What is “the hydrophobic effect” and why it is so important to the molecular recognition and supramolecular chemistry?
Knowledge Booster
Background pattern image
Chemistry
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.
Similar questions
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you
Text book image
Organic Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305580350
Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. Foote
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Principles of Modern Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079113
Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry
Chemistry
ISBN:9780618974122
Author:Andrei Straumanis
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Text book image
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285199047
Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Group Theory - Learn like Expert with 3D animation | Introduction for Beginners | ONE Chemistry; Author: One Chemistry;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lz2ih8fkgDs;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY