Chapter 25, Problem 88AP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reaction mechanism is to be classified that is used in carbohydrate synthesis since the 19th century.

Concept introduction:

Electrophile is a species with a positive charge. It attracts toward negative of partial negative charge. Example of an electrophile, cation such as ${\text{H}}^{+}$ and polar molecule such as $\text{H}$-atom in $\text{HCl}$ molecule.

Nucleophile is a species with a negative charge. It attracts toward positive of partial positive charge. Example of a nucleophile, anion such as ${\text{Cl}}^{-}$ and polar molecule such as $\text{Cl}$-atom in $\text{HCl}$ molecule.

The reaction in which an electron-rich nucleophile reacts with an electron-deficient electrophile, in order to replace a leaving group, is called the nucleophilic reaction.

A nucleophile contains a lone pair of electrons thatcan be easily shared during the nucleophilic reaction.