Campbell Biology in Focus, Books a la Carte Edition; Modified Mastering Biology with Pearson eText - ValuePack Access Card - for Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134433769
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 25, Problem 6TYU
Based on the phylogenetic tree in Figure 25.9, which of the following statements is correct?
- A. The most recent common ancestor of Excavata is older than that of SAR.
- B. The most recent common ancestor of red algae and plants is older than that of nucleariids and
fungi . - C. The most basal (first to diverge) eukaryotic supergroup cannot be determined.
- D. Excavata is the most basal eukaryotic supergroup.
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Generate a present (1) or absent (0) code of each character. Afterward, draw the overall phylogenetic tree with the corresponding characters splitting the tree.
Which of the following statements is the MOST compelling argument that fungi are more closely related to animals than plants?
A.
Plants have chloroplasts whereas fungi and animals cells do not.
B.
Plants fix carbon dioxide from the air; fungi and animals use pre-existing organic molecules.
C.
The DNA sequences of ribosomal RNA of fungi share more homology with ribosomal RNA from animals than plants.
D.
Both animal and fungal cells are eukaryotic.
make a drawing of a phylogenetic tree that contains all 3 domains of life. The tree should include at least
three different animals, two plants, chemoheterotrophic bacteria, photoautotrophic bacteria,
chemoheterotrophic archaea, thermophilic archaea and fungi. Identify both primary endosymbiosis events
on the tree and draw a line to connect it to the organism that would become the future organelle.
Chapter 25 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus, Books a la Carte Edition; Modified Mastering Biology with Pearson eText - ValuePack Access Card - for Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Ch. 25.1 - Describe major events in the evolution of early...Ch. 25.1 - Explain why eukaryotes are said to be combination...Ch. 25.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 25.2 - Summarize the evidence that choanoflagellates are...Ch. 25.2 - MAKE CONNECTlONS Describe how the origin of...Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 25.3 - Briefly describe the organisms found in each of...Ch. 25.3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Review Figures 7.2 and 8.5...Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 25.4 - Justify the claim that photosynthetic protists are...
Ch. 25.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 25.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 25 - The oldest fossil eukaryote that can be resolved...Ch. 25 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 25 - Plastids that are surrounded by more than two...Ch. 25 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 25 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 25 - Based on the phylogenetic tree in Figure 25.9,...Ch. 25 - MAKE CONNECTIONS The bacterium Wolbachia is a...Ch. 25 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION DRAW IT Medical researchers...Ch. 25 - FOCUS ON INTERACTIONS Organisms interact with each...Ch. 25 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE These micrographs show...
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- The universal phylogenetic tree of life shows the divergence of Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Studies of Lokiarchaeota help to elucidate these relationships, but the first universal tree of life was constructed by Carl Woese using ribosomal RNA sequences. There are advantages to using different types of nucleic acid for different types of analyses. What is a specific advantage of using small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene sequences for phylogenetic analysis compared with DNA sequences? ▸ View Available Hint(s) SSU rRNA sequences accumulate mutations more rapidly than protein-encoding DNA. SSU rRNA is frequently transferred through horizontal gene transfer, whereas DNA sequences are not. Primers are required in DNA sequence analysis, but not for SSU rRNA sequence analysis. Although PCR products can be visualized with SSU rRNA, this is not the case with other forms of nucleic acids. DNA sequences are too highly conserved to work well for sequence analysis; individual species are…arrow_forwardThe phylogenetic tree to the right showsthe evolutionary relationships of taxa A –H. The shapes represent character statetrait changes. A. Which traits (shapes) would individualsin taxa D have? Draw the collection oftraits. B. Is the triangle a synapomorphy orpleisomorphy (circle one)? C. Is the circle a synapomorphy orsympleisomorphy (circle one)?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is FALSE regarding phylogenetic trees? 1) The branch lengths on the tree are scaled to molecular (DNA) changes and/or time. 2)Phylogenetic trees have shown us that there is much more bacterial diversity compared to eukaryotes. 3) Phylogenetic trees show the evolutionary relatedness of different organisms. 4). The branch lengths on the tree depict abiotic and biotic factors affecting speciation.arrow_forward
- Which statement is usually true about phylogenetic trees? a) nodes represent points when traits have evolved b) branch tips that are next to each other are more closely related c) the branching pattern describes the hypothesized evolutionary relationships between the taxa d) the order of the branch tips (left to right) indicates which taxa are more advanced evolutionarilyarrow_forwardHow can scientists determine that multicellularity arose more than once in different lineages? Select one: a. Scientists do not know b. Bacteria live as multicellular groups called biofilms c. Animals are more closely related to single-celled eukaryotes than to fungi d. Fungi can produce multicellular structuresarrow_forwardDraw a simple phylogenetic tree for two sisters clades with a common ancestor. Each sister clade consists of two taxa. Define the following terms and use to label your diagram: clade, node, branch, common ancestor, and taxon.arrow_forward
- An analysis of the phylogeny of mutualistic and free-living fungi, as well as the rates of nucleotide substitutions in selected ribosomal RNA regions, was conducted with a view to determining how coevolution can drive changes in the heritable traits of a species. Which of the following is NOT the expected outcome of the study? A. There was a faster rate of molecular evolution occuring among free-living fungal species compared to lichens. B. Fungi coevolving with algae in lichens featured higher rates of nucleotide substitutions. C. Higher rates of nucleotide substitution in mutualistic fungi were widespread across many sections of the genome. D. The transition to mutualism accelerated the rate of molecular evolution for fungal species.arrow_forward1) Name and give a brief account of the theory that explains the evolution of Eukaryotic cells from Prokaryotic cells. 2) Explain the reactions that occur to form polysaccharides, using starch as an example. 3) What do enzymes do? What are their main structural features? Give an example of a biological enzyme. 4) Describe the structure of fats and lipids. Why are some solid at room temperature whereas others, particularly from plants, are liquid? Briefly describe the structure of an animal cell. What are the main differences between animal and plant cells? Briefly outline the steps involved in the synthesis of ATP in eukaryotic cellsarrow_forwardIn a molecular phylogeny what can serve as a synapomorphy? a.) amino acids b.) homoplasy c.) None of the answers are correct d.) insertions e.) orthologsarrow_forward
- Compare and contrast bacteria, Archaea, and eukarya.arrow_forwardOn a phylogenetic tree, the length of branches is a.) The comparison of homologous DNA and RNA sequences provided by Woese. b.) The separation of living organisms into three domains c.) The point in evolution when, based on scientific evidence, an ancestor is thought to have diverged to form two new species. d.) Proportional to the time elapsed since the split.arrow_forwardBased on this phylogenetic tree, which organisms are the most closely related? B. bonærensis (Southern Minke Whale) B. acutorostrata (Northern Minke Whale) B. physalus (Fin Whale) B. edeni (Pygmy Bryde's Whale) B borealis (Sei Whale) B. brydei (Bryde's Whale) B. musculus (Blue Whale) Megaptera novæanglia (Humpback Whale) Eschrichtius robustus (Gray Whale) B. musculus (Blue Whale) and B. physalus (Fin Whale) B. acutostrata (Northern Minke Whale) and B. edeni (Pygmy Bryde's Whale) B. brydei (Bryde's Whale) and B. edeni (Pygmy Bryde's Whale) Megaptera novaeangliae (Humpback Whale) and Eschrichtius robustus (Gray Whale)arrow_forward
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Phylogenetic Mysteries: Crash Course Zoology #12; Author: CrashCourse;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cVaw7nF72Aw;License: Standard youtube license