Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781337571357
Author: Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 25, Problem 32P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: The reason to the fact that changing the second base of the codon is more detrimental to a protein than changing first or third base must be explained.
Concept Introduction:
Codons are chunks of three nucleotides which code for a particular amino acid. Sometimes changing a single
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17. Describe the process of translation using the following terms: codon, anticodon, RNA activiation,
start codon, stop codons, translocation, ribosome, tRNA, mRNA.
The chain of hemoglobin is 146 amino acids long. What would be the length (in nucleotides) of the mRNA molecule required to direct the synthesis of the polypeptide chain and why?
Draw an example of the followings: 1- an amino acid; 2- a small peptide; 3- a DNA nucleotide; 4- an RNA nucleotide.
Chapter 25 Solutions
Introduction To General, Organic, And Biochemistry
Ch. 25.1 - Prob. 25.1QCCh. 25.2 - Problem 26-1 DNA is highly condensed in the...Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 25.3QCCh. 25.4 - Prob. 25.4QCCh. 25.5 - Prob. 25.5QCCh. 25.6 - Prob. 25.6QCCh. 25.7 - Prob. 25.7QCCh. 25.8 - Prob. 25.8QCCh. 25.9 - Prob. 25.9QCCh. 25 - Does the term gene expression refer to: (a)...
Ch. 25 - Prob. 2PCh. 25 - Where does most Of the translation occur in a...Ch. 25 - Prob. 4PCh. 25 - Prob. 5PCh. 25 - Prob. 6PCh. 25 - Prob. 7PCh. 25 - What is the function of RNA polymerase?Ch. 25 - What is the role of helicase in transcription?Ch. 25 - Prob. 10PCh. 25 - Prob. 11PCh. 25 - Prob. 12PCh. 25 - Prob. 13PCh. 25 - Prob. 14PCh. 25 - Prob. 15PCh. 25 - What are the different names used for the two...Ch. 25 - Prob. 17PCh. 25 - Prob. 18PCh. 25 - Prob. 19PCh. 25 - Prob. 20PCh. 25 - Where are the codons located?Ch. 25 - What are the two most important sites on tRNA...Ch. 25 - Prob. 23PCh. 25 - Prob. 24PCh. 25 - Prob. 25PCh. 25 - Prob. 26PCh. 25 - Prob. 27PCh. 25 - (a) If a codon is GCU, what is the anticodon? (b)...Ch. 25 - If a segment of DNA is 981 units long, how many...Ch. 25 - In what sense does the universality of the genetic...Ch. 25 - Prob. 31PCh. 25 - Prob. 32PCh. 25 - A genetic code in which two bases encode a single...Ch. 25 - What is meant by the genetic code being continuous...Ch. 25 - Prob. 35PCh. 25 - Prob. 36PCh. 25 - Prob. 37PCh. 25 - Prob. 38PCh. 25 - Prob. 39PCh. 25 - What are the stages of protein synthesis?Ch. 25 - Prob. 41PCh. 25 - Explain what happens to the fMet initially put at...Ch. 25 - Prob. 43PCh. 25 - Why is amino acid activation called the second...Ch. 25 - Prob. 45PCh. 25 - Prob. 46PCh. 25 - Prob. 47PCh. 25 - Prob. 48PCh. 25 - Prob. 49PCh. 25 - What kind of interactions exist between metal-...Ch. 25 - Prob. 51PCh. 25 - Prob. 52PCh. 25 - Prob. 53PCh. 25 - Prob. 54PCh. 25 - Prob. 55PCh. 25 - Prob. 56PCh. 25 - Prob. 57PCh. 25 - Prob. 58PCh. 25 - Prob. 59PCh. 25 - Prob. 60PCh. 25 - Prob. 61PCh. 25 - Prob. 62PCh. 25 - Prob. 63PCh. 25 - Prob. 64PCh. 25 - Prob. 65PCh. 25 - Prob. 66PCh. 25 - Prob. 67PCh. 25 - Prob. 68PCh. 25 - Prob. 69PCh. 25 - Prob. 70PCh. 25 - Prob. 71PCh. 25 - Prob. 72PCh. 25 - Prob. 73PCh. 25 - Prob. 74PCh. 25 - Prob. 75PCh. 25 - Prob. 76PCh. 25 - Prob. 77PCh. 25 - Prob. 78PCh. 25 - Prob. 79PCh. 25 - Prob. 80PCh. 25 - Prob. 81PCh. 25 - Prob. 82PCh. 25 - Prob. 83PCh. 25 - Prob. 84PCh. 25 - Prob. 85PCh. 25 - Prob. 86PCh. 25 - Prob. 87PCh. 25 - Prob. 88PCh. 25 - Prob. 89PCh. 25 - Prob. 90PCh. 25 - Prob. 91PCh. 25 - Prob. 92PCh. 25 - Prob. 93PCh. 25 - Prob. 94PCh. 25 - Prob. 95PCh. 25 - Prob. 96PCh. 25 - Is there any way to prevent a hereditary disease?...Ch. 25 - Prob. 98PCh. 25 - Prob. 99PCh. 25 - Prob. 100PCh. 25 - Glycine, alanine, and valine are classified as...Ch. 25 - Prob. 102PCh. 25 - Which polypeptide is coded for by the mRNA...Ch. 25 - -100 A new endonuclease is found. It cleaves...
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- If a codon consists of two nucleotides, how many codons would be possible? Would this be a workable code for the purpose of protein synthesis?arrow_forwardDescribe the experiment that allowed researchers to first identify the codon for a specific amino acid.arrow_forwardIf a codon consists of four nucleotides, how many codons would be possible? Would this be workable as an amino-acid code?arrow_forward
- Explain why the base sequence AGAC could not be a codon.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the genetic code are true and which are false? Correct each false statement. a.Each codon is composed of four bases. b.Some amino acids are represented by more than one carbon. c.All codons represent an amino acid. d.Each living species is thought to have its own unique genetic code. e.The codon AUG at the beginning of a sequence is a signal for protein synthesis to begin at that codon. f.It is not known if the code contains stop signals for protein synthesis.arrow_forwardExplain why the base sequence ATC could not be a codon.arrow_forward
- The -chain of hemoglobin is a protein that contains 146 amino acids residues. What minimum number of nucleotides must be present in a strand of mRNA that is coded for this protein?arrow_forwardWhat is a codon?arrow_forwardSuppose that 28% of the nucleotides in a DNA molecule are deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate, and that during DNA replication the percentage amounts of available nucleotide bases art 22% A, 22% C, 28% G. and 28% T. Which base would be depleted first in the replication process?arrow_forward
- Draw a schematic of the Ribosome beginning to synthesise a protein. In your diagram label thefollowing: mRNA, the growing protein, an example of tRNA, a codon/anti-codon pair.arrow_forward1. Which of the following is not a component of a nucleic acid? a. phosphate group b. Amino acid c. Sugar d. Nitrogen containing base e. All are components of a nucleic acid 2. What is the name of the process of using messenger RNA sequences for encoding for proteins synthesis in the ribosomes? a. Transcriptionb. duplication c. replication d. Translation e. Cloning 3. Which of the following is not a characteristic of RNA? a. Uracil is one of the bases b. RNA is single stranded c. The sugar is 2-'Deoxyribose d. There are three types of RNA e. adenine and uracil form a base pairarrow_forwardWhich is an incorrect statement concerning the DNA double helix? Explain why. a) The sugar-phosphate backbone is on the inside of the helix and the base pairs are on the outside. b) The two strands are identical but proceed in opposite directions. c) The two strands are linked by glycosidic bonds. d) Only purine-purine and pyrimidine-pyrimidine base pairs can be accommodated.arrow_forward
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