EBK PHYSICS FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEER
9th Edition
ISBN: 8220100454899
Author: Jewett
Publisher: Cengage Learning US
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Textbook Question
Chapter 25, Problem 25.74CP
Four balls, each with mass m, are connected by four nonconducting strings to form a square with side a as shown in Figure P25.74. The assembly is placed on a nonconducting. frictionless. horizontal surface. Balls 1 and 2 each have charge q, and balls 3 and 4 are uncharged. After the string connecting halls 1 and 2 is cut, what is the maximum speed of balls 3 and 4?
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Question B3
Consider the following FLRW spacetime:
t2
ds² = -dt² +
(dx²
+ dy²+ dz²),
t2
where t is a constant.
a)
State whether this universe is spatially open, closed or flat.
[2 marks]
b) Determine the Hubble factor H(t), and represent it in a (roughly drawn) plot as a function
of time t, starting at t = 0.
[3 marks]
c) Taking galaxy A to be located at (x, y, z) = (0,0,0), determine the proper distance to galaxy
B located at (x, y, z) = (L, 0, 0). Determine the recessional velocity of galaxy B with respect
to galaxy A.
d) The Friedmann equations are
2
k
8πG
а
4πG
+
a²
(p+3p).
3
a
3
[5 marks]
Use these equations to determine the energy density p(t) and the pressure p(t) for the
FLRW spacetime specified at the top of the page.
[5 marks]
e) Given the result of question B3.d, state whether the FLRW universe in question is (i)
radiation-dominated, (ii) matter-dominated, (iii) cosmological-constant-dominated, or (iv)
none of the previous. Justify your answer.
f)
[5 marks]
A conformally…
SECTION B
Answer ONLY TWO questions in Section B
[Expect to use one single-sided A4 page for each Section-B sub question.]
Question B1
Consider the line element
where w is a constant.
ds²=-dt²+e2wt dx²,
a) Determine the components of the metric and of the inverse metric.
[2 marks]
b) Determine the Christoffel symbols. [See the Appendix of this document.]
[10 marks]
c)
Write down the geodesic equations.
[5 marks]
d) Show that e2wt it is a constant of geodesic motion.
[4 marks]
e)
Solve the geodesic equations for null geodesics.
[4 marks]
Page 2
SECTION A
Answer ALL questions in Section A
[Expect to use one single-sided A4 page for each Section-A sub question.]
Question A1
SPA6308 (2024)
Consider Minkowski spacetime in Cartesian coordinates th
=
(t, x, y, z), such that
ds² = dt² + dx² + dy² + dz².
(a) Consider the vector with components V" = (1,-1,0,0). Determine V and V. V.
(b) Consider now the coordinate system x' (u, v, y, z) such that
u =t-x,
v=t+x.
[2 marks]
Write down the line element, the metric, the Christoffel symbols and the Riemann curvature
tensor in the new coordinates. [See the Appendix of this document.]
[5 marks]
(c) Determine V", that is, write the object in question A1.a in the coordinate system x'. Verify
explicitly that V. V is invariant under the coordinate transformation.
Question A2
[5 marks]
Suppose that A, is a covector field, and consider the object
Fv=AAμ.
(a) Show explicitly that F is a tensor, that is, show that it transforms appropriately under a
coordinate transformation.
[5 marks]
(b)…
Chapter 25 Solutions
EBK PHYSICS FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEER
Ch. 25 - In Figure 24.1, two points and are located...Ch. 25 - The labeled points in Figure 24.4 are on a series...Ch. 25 - In Figure 24.8b, take q2, to be a negative source...Ch. 25 - In a certain region of space, the electric...Ch. 25 - In a certain region of space, the electric field...Ch. 25 - Consider the equipotential surfaces shown in...Ch. 25 - (i) A metallic sphere A of radius 1.00 cm is...Ch. 25 - The electric potential at x = 3.00 m is 120 V, and...Ch. 25 - Rank the potential energies of the lour systems of...Ch. 25 - In a certain region of space, a uniform electric...
Ch. 25 - Rank the electric potentials at the four points...Ch. 25 - An electron in an x-ray machine is accelerated...Ch. 25 - Rank the electric potential energies of the...Ch. 25 - Four particles are positioned on the rim of a...Ch. 25 - A proton is released from rest at the origin in a...Ch. 25 - A particle with charge -40.0 nC is on the x axis...Ch. 25 - A filament running along the x axis from the...Ch. 25 - In different experimental trials, an electron, a...Ch. 25 - A helium nucleus (charge = 2e. mass = 6.63 ...Ch. 25 - What determines the maximum electric potential to...Ch. 25 - Describe the motion of a proton (a) after it is...Ch. 25 - When charged particles are separated by an...Ch. 25 - Study Figure 23.3 and the accompanying text...Ch. 25 - Distinguish between electric potential and...Ch. 25 - Describe the equipotential surfaces for (a) an...Ch. 25 - Oppositely charged parallel plates are separated...Ch. 25 - A uniform electric field of magnitude 250 V/m is...Ch. 25 - (a) Calculate the speed of a proton that is...Ch. 25 - How much work is done (by a battery, generator, or...Ch. 25 - A uniform electric field of magnitude 325 V/m is...Ch. 25 - Starting with the definition of work, prove that...Ch. 25 - An electron moving parallel to the x axis has an...Ch. 25 - (a) Find the electric potential difference Ve...Ch. 25 - A particle having charge q = +2.00 C and mass m =...Ch. 25 - Review. A block having mass m and charge + Q is...Ch. 25 - An insulating rod having linear charge density =...Ch. 25 - (a) Calculate the electric potential 0.250 cm from...Ch. 25 - Two point charges are on the y axis. A 4.50-C...Ch. 25 - The two charges in Figure P25.14 are separated by...Ch. 25 - Three positive charges are located at the corners...Ch. 25 - Two point charges Q1 = +5.00 nC and Q2 = 3.00 nC...Ch. 25 - Two particles, with charges of 20.0 11C and -20.0...Ch. 25 - The two charges in Figure P24.12 are separated by...Ch. 25 - Given two particles with 2.00-C charges as shown...Ch. 25 - At a certain distance from a charged particle, the...Ch. 25 - Four point charges each having charge Q are...Ch. 25 - The three charged particles in Figure P25.22 are...Ch. 25 - A particle with charge +q is at the origin. A...Ch. 25 - Show that the amount of work required to assemble...Ch. 25 - Two particles each with charge +2.00 C are located...Ch. 25 - Two charged particles of equal magnitude are...Ch. 25 - Four identical charged particles (q = +10.0 C) are...Ch. 25 - Three particles with equal positive charges q are...Ch. 25 - Five particles with equal negative charges q are...Ch. 25 - Review. A light, unstressed spring has length d....Ch. 25 - Review. Two insulating spheres have radii 0.300 cm...Ch. 25 - Review. Two insulating spheres have radii r1 and...Ch. 25 - How much work is required to assemble eight...Ch. 25 - Four identical particles, each having charge q and...Ch. 25 - In 1911, Ernest Rutherford and his assistants...Ch. 25 - Figure P24.22 represents a graph of the electric...Ch. 25 - The potential in a region between x = 0 and x =...Ch. 25 - An electric field in a region of space is parallel...Ch. 25 - Over a certain region of space, the electric...Ch. 25 - Figure P24.23 shows several equipotential lines,...Ch. 25 - The electric potential inside a charged spherical...Ch. 25 - It is shown in Example 24.7 that the potential at...Ch. 25 - Consider a ring of radius R with the total charge...Ch. 25 - A uniformly charged insulating rod of length 14.0...Ch. 25 - A rod of length L (Fig. P24.25) lies along the x...Ch. 25 - For the arrangement described in Problem 25,...Ch. 25 - A wire having a uniform linear charge density is...Ch. 25 - The electric field magnitude on the surface of an...Ch. 25 - How many electrons should be removed from an...Ch. 25 - A spherical conductor has a radius of 14.0 cm and...Ch. 25 - Electric charge can accumulate on an airplane in...Ch. 25 - Lightning can be studied with a Van de Graaff...Ch. 25 - Why is the following situation impossible? In the...Ch. 25 - Review. In fair weather, the electric field in the...Ch. 25 - Review. From a large distance away, a particle of...Ch. 25 - Review. From a large distance away, a particle of...Ch. 25 - The liquid-drop model of the atomic nucleus...Ch. 25 - On a dry winter day, you scuff your leather-soled...Ch. 25 - The electric potential immediately outside a...Ch. 25 - (a) Use the exact result from Example 24.4 to find...Ch. 25 - Calculate the work that must be done on charges...Ch. 25 - Calculate the work that must be done on charges...Ch. 25 - The electric potential everywhere on the xy plane...Ch. 25 - Why is the following situation impossible? You set...Ch. 25 - From Gauss's law, the electric field set up by a...Ch. 25 - A uniformly charged filament lies along the x axis...Ch. 25 - The thin, uniformly charged rod shown in Figure...Ch. 25 - A GeigerMueller tube is a radiation detector that...Ch. 25 - Review. Two parallel plates having charges of...Ch. 25 - When an uncharged conducting sphere of radius a is...Ch. 25 - An electric dipole is located along the y axis as...Ch. 25 - A solid sphere of radius R has a uniform charge...Ch. 25 - A disk of radius R (Fig. P24.49) has a nonuniform...Ch. 25 - Four balls, each with mass m, are connected by...Ch. 25 - (a) A uniformly charged cylindrical shell with no...Ch. 25 - As shown in Figure P25.76, two large, parallel,...Ch. 25 - A particle with charge q is located at x = R, and...
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