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(Implement preorder traversal without using recursion) Implement the preorder method in BST using a stack instead of recursion. Write a test
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Introduction to Java Programming and Data Structures, Comprehensive Version (11th Edition)
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- def winning_card(cards, trump=None): Playing cards are again represented as tuples of (rank,suit) as in the cardproblems.pylecture example program. In trick taking games such as whist or bridge, four players each play one card from their hand to the trick, committing to their play in clockwise order starting from the player who plays first into the trick. The winner of the trick is determined by the following rules:1. If one or more cards of the trump suit have been played to the trick, the trick is won by the highest ranking trump card, regardless of the other cards played.2. If no trump cards have been played to the trick, the trick is won by the highest card of the suit of the first card played to the trick. Cards of any other suits, regardless of their rank, are powerless to win that trick.3. Ace is the highest card in each suit.Note that the order in which the cards are played to the trick greatly affects the outcome of that trick, since the first card played in the trick…arrow_forward7. (* =: 'a In this problem, you will determine what the following method does. public static void rra(int[] list, int start, int end) { if (start >= end) { return; } int tmp = list[start]; list [start] = list[end] = tmp; list[end]; // recursion! rra(list, start+1, end-1); } Suppose list = [0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16]. (a) ) W= ta . What happens to list when rra(list, 0, 4) is called? Show memory diagrams and/or stack frames to explain what the recursive calls are. (b) (в) с oj What happens to list when rra(list, 0, list.length - 1) is called? st Show memory diagrams and/or stack frames to explain what the recursive calls are.arrow_forwardTopic: Singly Linked ListImplement the following functions in C++ program. Read the question carefully. Below is the "CODE THAT NEEDS TO BE IMPROVED" or "NOT FINAL CODE" (See attached photo for reference) bool addAt(int num, int pos) This method will add the integer num to the posth position of the list and returns true if the value of pos is valid. Performing addAt(20, 2) in the example list will add 20 at the 2nd position and the linked list will now look like this: 10 -> 20 -> 30 -> 40 -> 50. When the value of pos is invalid i.e. greater than the size + 1 or less than one, return false. bool addAt(int num, int pos) { if (pos == 1) { // case 1: addHead addHead(num); return true; } if (pos == index + 1) { // case 3: addTail addTail(num); return true; } node* currnode = head; //addAt(20, 3) int count = 0; while (currnode…arrow_forward
- What happens if the base condition is not defined in recursion ? a. Stack underflow b. Stack Overflow c. None of these d. Both a and barrow_forward* allSame returns true if all of the elements in list have the same value. * allSame returns false if any two elements in list have different values. * The array may be empty and it may contain duplicate values. * * Your solution should contain at most one loop. You may not use recursion. * Your solution must not call any other functions. * Here are some examples (using "==" informally): * * * * * * * * true == allSame (new double[] { }) true == allSame(new double[] {11}) true == allSame (new double[] { 11, 11, 11, 11 }) false == allSame(new double[] { 11, 11, 11, 22 }) false == allSame (new double[] { 11, 11, 22, 11 }) true == allSame (new double[] { 22, 22, 22, 22 }) * */ public static boolean allSame (double[] list) { return StdRandom.bernoulli(); //TODO: fix thisarrow_forwardQ3arrow_forward
- (Postfix notation) Postfix notation is a way of writing expressions without using parentheses. For example, the expression (1 + 2) 3 would be writ- ten as 1 2 + 3 *. A postfix expression is evaluated using a stack. Scan a postfix expression from left to right. A variable or constant is pushed to the stack. When an operator is encountered, apply the operator with the top two operands in the stack and replace the two operands with the result. The follow- ing diagram shows how to evaluate 1 2 + 3 *. 1. 3 3 9. 12 + 3 * 12 + 3* 12+3* 12 + 3* 12 +3* scanned scanned scanned scanned scanned Write a program that prompts the user to enter a postfix expression and evalu- ates it.arrow_forward/** * Write a Java function to determine if the elements of an array can be split into two groups such that the sum of one group is a non-zero multiple of 10 and the sum of the other group is odd. Your solution must use recursive backtracking. <code> * Example: * Given: {1, 2, 6, 3, 1} * Result: true because {1,2,6,1}, {3} is one possibility. * * Example: * Given: {4, 3, 5, 2} * Result: false * </code> */ public static boolean splitOdd10(int[] num) { }arrow_forward(Kruskal’s algorithm) The text introduced Prim’s algorithm for finding a minimum spanning tree. Kruskal’s algorithm is another well-known algorithm for finding a minimum spanning tree. The algorithm repeatedly finds a minimumweight edge and adds it to the tree if it does not cause a cycle. The process ends when all vertices are in the tree. Design and implement an algorithm for finding an MST using Kruskal’s algorithm.This is a java code questionarrow_forward
- C++ PROGRAMMINGTopic: HashTable - PolyHash Quadratic Explain the c++ code below.: SEE ATTACHED PHOTO FOR THE PROBLEM INSTRUCTIONS It doesn't have to be long, as long as you explain what the important parts of the code do. (The code is already implemented and correct, only the explanation needed). You can also explain line by line for an upvote, thanks. EXPLAIN THE CODE BELOW: #include <cstdlib> #include <math.h> #include <cstring> #include <iostream> using namespace std; class HashTable { string* table; int N; int count; // TODO: Polynomial Hash Code using a=7 int hash_code(string key) { int code; int hash = 0; for (int i = 0; i < key.size(); i++) { char ch = key[i]; code += ((ch - 96) * pow(7, key.size() - (i + 1))); } return code; } // TODO: This hash table uses a MAD compression function // where a = 11, b = 461, p = 919 int compress(int code) { return (((11*code)+461) % 919) % N; }…arrow_forwardPlease solve this problem in Java. It should read the elements of the stack as integers from a text file. n = 18 (number of elements/integers)arrow_forwardTopic: Singly Linked ListImplement the following functions in C++ program. Read the question carefully. (See attached photo for reference) int removeAt(int pos) Removes the number in the posth position of the list and returns the element removed. Performing removeAt(3) in the example list will remove the 3rd element of the linked list and the updated list will be: 10 -> 30 -> 50 When the value of pos is greater than the size or less than one, return -1. int removeAll(int num) Removes all instances of num in the linked list and returns the number of instances removed. In this list 10 -> 10 -> 20 -> 30 -> 10, performing removeAll(10) will remove all three 10's and the list will look like this: 20 -> 30. Then, it will return the number of instances removed, in this case, 3. int contains(int num) This will return the position of the first instance of the element num in the list. If num is not found, return 0. In the example, having the method contains(30) will…arrow_forward
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