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Light Rocket Stranded 12 m from your spacecraft, you realize that your flashlight makes a directed beam of intensity 950 W/m2 and can be used to propel you back to safety (a) If the radius of the beam is 3.8 cm, how much force does it exert on you? (b) If your mass (with spacesuit and gear) is 95 kg, what acceleration does the flashlight give you? (c) How much time will it take for you to reach the spacecraft? (d) Frustrated by the slow pace, you throw the 0.82-kg flashlight at 22 m/s directly away from the spacecraft. In how much time will you reach the spacecraft after you throw the flashlight?
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- Unreasonable Results (a) Find the value of required for the following situation. An earthbound observer measures 23.9 h to have passed while signals from a high-velocity space probe indicate that 24.0 h have passed on board. (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) Which assumptions are unreasonable or inconsistent?arrow_forwardCASE STUDY In Example 34.6 (page 1111), we imagined equipping 1950DA, an asteroid on a collision course with the Earth, with a solar sail in hopes of ejecting it from the solar system. We found that the enormous size required for the solar sail makes the plan impossible at this time. Of course, there is no need to eject such an object from the solar system: we only need to change the orbit. A much more pressing problem is Apophis, a 300-m asteroid that may be on a collision course with the Earth and is due to come by on April 13, 2029. It is unlikely to hit the Earth on that pass, but it will return again in 2036. If Apophis passes through a 600-m keyhole on its 2029 pass, it is expected to hit the Earth in 2036. causing great damage. There are plans to deflect Apophis when it comes by in 2029. For example, we could hit it with a 10- to 150-kg impactor accelerated by a solar sail. The impactor is launched from the Earth to start orbiting the Sun in the same direction as the Earth and Apophis. The idea is to use a solar sail to accelerate the impactor so that it reverses direction and collides head-on with Apophis at 8090 km/s and thereby keeps Apophis out of the keyhole. Consider the momentum in the impactors orbit (Fig. P34.75) when the solar sail makes an angle of = 60 with the tangent to its orbit. Current solar sails may be about 40 m on a side, but the hope is to construct some that are about 160 m on a side. Estimate the impactors tangential acceleration when it is about 1 AU from the Sun. Keep in mind that the sail is neither a perfect absorber nor a perfect reflector, and a heavier impactor would presumably be equipped with a larger sail. Dont be surprised by what may seem like a very small acceleration. FIGURE P34.75arrow_forwardAn Earth satellite used in the Global Positioning System moves in a circular orbit with period 11 h 58 min. (a) Determine the radius of its orbit. (b) Determine its speed. (c) The satellite contains an oscillator producing the principal nonmilitary GPS signal. Its frequency is 1 575.42 MHz in the reference frame of the satellite. When it is received on the Earths surface, what is the fractional change in this frequency due to time dilation, as described by special relativity? (d) The gravitational blueshift of the frequency according to general relativity is a separate effect. The magnitude of that fractional change is given by ff=Ugmc2 where Ug/m is the change in gravitational potential energy per unit mass between the two points at which the signal is observed. Calculate this fractional change in frequency. (e) What is the overall fractional change in frequency? Superposed on both of these relativistic effects is a Doppler shift that is generally much larger. It can be a redshift or a blueshift, depending on the motion of a particular satellite relative to a GPS receiver (Fig. P1.39).arrow_forward
- Scientists are working on a new technique to kill cancer cells by zapping them with ultrahighenergy (in the range of 1012 W) pulses of light that last for an extremely short time (a few nanoseconds). These short pulses scramble the interior of a cell without causing it to explode, as long pulses would do. We can model a typical such cell as a disk 5.0 µm in diameter, with the pulse lasting for 4.0 ns with an average power of 2.0 x 1012 W. We shall assume that the energy is spread uniformly over the faces of 100 cells for each pulse. (a) How much energy is given to the cell during this pulse? (b) What is the intensity (in W/m2 ) delivered to the cell? (c) What are the maximum values of the electric and magnetic fields in the pulse?arrow_forwardpps51 please dont copy existing answers or i will dislike your answer thanksarrow_forwardThe Tevatron accelerator at Fermilab (Illinois) is designed to carry an 11-mA beam of protons (q = 1.6 × 10-19 C) traveling at very nearly the speed of light (3.0 × 10$ m/s) around a ring 6300 m in circumference. How many protons are in the beam?arrow_forward
- Processes at the center of a nearby galaxy cause the emission of electromagnetic radiation at a frequency of 3.05 × 1013 Hz. Detectors on Earth measure the frequency of this radiation as 2.39 × 1013 Hz. How fast is the galaxy receding from Earth? speed of recession: m/sarrow_forwardA charge of 2.5 C present in an electric field produces a force of 0.08 N. What is the intensity of the electric field?arrow_forwardTwo blocks, M=B.00 kg and m=2.00 kg are being pulled across a rough floor(u k=0.14) by a force of FO= 68N directed 52 degrees above the horizontal, as shown. The top block m cannot slide on the bottom block so the system can be treated as a single 10.0 kg block which we will call MT Fo, M-2.0 ks 520 M-8.0kgarrow_forward
- O ur TO uptraivIT VI an njetT CI Constants In an inkjet printer, letters and images are created by squirting drops of ink horizontally at a sheet of paper from a rapidly moving nozzle The pattern on the paper is controlled by an electrostatic valve that determines at each nozzle position whether ink is squirted onto the The ink drops have a mass m = 1.00x10 11 kg each and leave the nozzle and travel horizontally toward the paper at velocity v = 19.0 m/s The drops pass through a charging unit that gives each drop a positive charge q by causing it to lose some electrons. The drops then pass between parallel deflecting plates of Jength Do = 2.15 cm where there is a uniform vertical electric field with magnitude E = 8. 40×104 N/C (Figure 1) paper or not. Part A If a drop is to be deflected a distance d = 0.250 mm by the time it reaches the end of the deflection plate, what magnitude of charge q must be given to the drop? Assume that the density of the ink drop is 1000 kg/m and ignore the…arrow_forwardEither solve all parts or leave it unsolvedarrow_forwardA proton is traveling through a region of space containing both a magnetic and electric field. At one instant in time, the velocity is U = (13500 Î + +38500) m/s and the acceleration is a = (4.39 k) x 10 m/s². If B=(9.21 k) mT, what is the magnitude of the electric field? i Save for Later N/C Submit Answerarrow_forward
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