Formation of products for the Cellobiose, when treated with NaBH 4 in H 2 O, Br 2 in water, acetic anhydride in pyridine and methanol in HCl are needed to be identified. Concept introduction: Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like NaBH 4 which provides alcohol. Aqueous bromine is a mild oxidizing agent, it oxidizes carbonyl group to carboxylic group. Aldonic acids (carboxylic group) are formed for the aldoses when they are treated with aqueous bromine at pH = 6 . Glycoside formation: carbohydrates react with an alcohol in acid which produce both anomers acetals are formed, if alkoxy group points down then it is α, alkoxy group points up then it is β. Acetylation : carbohydrates acetylated by using acetic anhydride in pyridine.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 24.7, Problem 41CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Formation of products for the Cellobiose, when treated with NaBH₄ in H₂O, Br₂ in water, acetic anhydride in pyridine and methanol in HCl are needed to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Aqueous bromine is a mild oxidizing agent, it oxidizes carbonyl group to carboxylic group. Aldonic acids (carboxylic group) are formed for the aldoses when they are treated with aqueous bromine at pH = 6 .

Glycoside formation: carbohydrates react with an alcohol in acid which produce both anomers acetals are formed, if alkoxy group points down then it is α, alkoxy group points up then it is β.

Acetylation: carbohydrates acetylated by using acetic anhydride in pyridine.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Formation of products for the Cellobiose, when treated with NaBH₄ in H₂O, Br₂ in water, acetic anhydride in pyridine and methanol in HCl are needed to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Aqueous bromine is a mild oxidizing agent, it oxidizes carbonyl group to carboxylic group. Aldonic acids (carboxylic group) are formed for the aldoses when they are treated with aqueous bromine at pH = 6 .

Glycoside formation: carbohydrates react with an alcohol in acid which produce both anomers acetals are formed, if alkoxy group points down then it is α, alkoxy group points up then it is β.

Acetylation: carbohydrates acetylated by using acetic anhydride in pyridine.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Formation of products for the Cellobiose, when treated with NaBH₄ in H₂O, Br₂ in water, acetic anhydride in pyridine and methanol in HCl are needed to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Aqueous bromine is a mild oxidizing agent, it oxidizes carbonyl group to carboxylic group. Aldonic acids (carboxylic group) are formed for the aldoses when they are treated with aqueous bromine at pH = 6 .

Glycoside formation: carbohydrates react with an alcohol in acid which produce both anomers acetals are formed, if alkoxy group points down then it is α, alkoxy group points up then it is β.

Acetylation: carbohydrates acetylated by using acetic anhydride in pyridine.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Formation of products for the Cellobiose, when treated with NaBH₄ in H₂O, Br₂ in water, acetic anhydride in pyridine and methanol in HCl are needed to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Aqueous bromine is a mild oxidizing agent, it oxidizes carbonyl group to carboxylic group. Aldonic acids (carboxylic group) are formed for the aldoses when they are treated with aqueous bromine at pH = 6 .

Glycoside formation: carbohydrates react with an alcohol in acid which produce both anomers acetals are formed, if alkoxy group points down then it is α, alkoxy group points up then it is β.

Acetylation: carbohydrates acetylated by using acetic anhydride in pyridine.

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A small artisanal cheesemaker is testing the acidity of their milk before it coagulates. During fermentation, bacteria produce lactic acid (K₁ = 1.4 x 104), a weak acid that helps to curdle the milk and develop flavor. The cheesemaker has measured that the developing mixture contains lactic acid at an initial concentration of 0.025 M. Your task is to calculate the pH of this mixture and determine whether it meets the required acidity for proper cheese development. To achieve the best flavor, texture and reduce/control microbial growth, the pH range needs to be between pH 4.6 and 5.0. Assumptions: Lactic acid is a monoprotic acid H H :0:0: H-C-C H :0: O-H Figure 1: Lewis Structure for Lactic Acid For simplicity, you can use the generic formula HA to represent the acid You can assume lactic acid dissociation is in water as milk is mostly water. Temperature is 25°C 1. Write the K, expression for the dissociation of lactic acid in the space provided. Do not forget to include state symbols.…

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 24.7, Problem 41CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Formation of products for the Cellobiose, when treated with NaBH₄ in H₂O, Br₂ in water, acetic anhydride in pyridine and methanol in HCl are needed to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Aqueous bromine is a mild oxidizing agent, it oxidizes carbonyl group to carboxylic group. Aldonic acids (carboxylic group) are formed for the aldoses when they are treated with aqueous bromine at pH = 6 .

Glycoside formation: carbohydrates react with an alcohol in acid which produce both anomers acetals are formed, if alkoxy group points down then it is α, alkoxy group points up then it is β.

Acetylation: carbohydrates acetylated by using acetic anhydride in pyridine.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Formation of products for the Cellobiose, when treated with NaBH₄ in H₂O, Br₂ in water, acetic anhydride in pyridine and methanol in HCl are needed to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Aqueous bromine is a mild oxidizing agent, it oxidizes carbonyl group to carboxylic group. Aldonic acids (carboxylic group) are formed for the aldoses when they are treated with aqueous bromine at pH = 6 .

Glycoside formation: carbohydrates react with an alcohol in acid which produce both anomers acetals are formed, if alkoxy group points down then it is α, alkoxy group points up then it is β.

Acetylation: carbohydrates acetylated by using acetic anhydride in pyridine.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Formation of products for the Cellobiose, when treated with NaBH₄ in H₂O, Br₂ in water, acetic anhydride in pyridine and methanol in HCl are needed to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Aqueous bromine is a mild oxidizing agent, it oxidizes carbonyl group to carboxylic group. Aldonic acids (carboxylic group) are formed for the aldoses when they are treated with aqueous bromine at pH = 6 .

Glycoside formation: carbohydrates react with an alcohol in acid which produce both anomers acetals are formed, if alkoxy group points down then it is α, alkoxy group points up then it is β.

Acetylation: carbohydrates acetylated by using acetic anhydride in pyridine.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Formation of products for the Cellobiose, when treated with NaBH₄ in H₂O, Br₂ in water, acetic anhydride in pyridine and methanol in HCl are needed to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Aqueous bromine is a mild oxidizing agent, it oxidizes carbonyl group to carboxylic group. Aldonic acids (carboxylic group) are formed for the aldoses when they are treated with aqueous bromine at pH = 6 .

Glycoside formation: carbohydrates react with an alcohol in acid which produce both anomers acetals are formed, if alkoxy group points down then it is α, alkoxy group points up then it is β.

Acetylation: carbohydrates acetylated by using acetic anhydride in pyridine.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 24.7, Problem 41CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Formation of products for the Cellobiose, when treated with NaBH₄ in H₂O, Br₂ in water, acetic anhydride in pyridine and methanol in HCl are needed to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Aqueous bromine is a mild oxidizing agent, it oxidizes carbonyl group to carboxylic group. Aldonic acids (carboxylic group) are formed for the aldoses when they are treated with aqueous bromine at pH = 6 .

Glycoside formation: carbohydrates react with an alcohol in acid which produce both anomers acetals are formed, if alkoxy group points down then it is α, alkoxy group points up then it is β.

Acetylation: carbohydrates acetylated by using acetic anhydride in pyridine.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Formation of products for the Cellobiose, when treated with NaBH₄ in H₂O, Br₂ in water, acetic anhydride in pyridine and methanol in HCl are needed to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Aqueous bromine is a mild oxidizing agent, it oxidizes carbonyl group to carboxylic group. Aldonic acids (carboxylic group) are formed for the aldoses when they are treated with aqueous bromine at pH = 6 .

Glycoside formation: carbohydrates react with an alcohol in acid which produce both anomers acetals are formed, if alkoxy group points down then it is α, alkoxy group points up then it is β.

Acetylation: carbohydrates acetylated by using acetic anhydride in pyridine.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Formation of products for the Cellobiose, when treated with NaBH₄ in H₂O, Br₂ in water, acetic anhydride in pyridine and methanol in HCl are needed to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Aqueous bromine is a mild oxidizing agent, it oxidizes carbonyl group to carboxylic group. Aldonic acids (carboxylic group) are formed for the aldoses when they are treated with aqueous bromine at pH = 6 .

Glycoside formation: carbohydrates react with an alcohol in acid which produce both anomers acetals are formed, if alkoxy group points down then it is α, alkoxy group points up then it is β.

Acetylation: carbohydrates acetylated by using acetic anhydride in pyridine.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Formation of products for the Cellobiose, when treated with NaBH₄ in H₂O, Br₂ in water, acetic anhydride in pyridine and methanol in HCl are needed to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Aqueous bromine is a mild oxidizing agent, it oxidizes carbonyl group to carboxylic group. Aldonic acids (carboxylic group) are formed for the aldoses when they are treated with aqueous bromine at pH = 6 .

Glycoside formation: carbohydrates react with an alcohol in acid which produce both anomers acetals are formed, if alkoxy group points down then it is α, alkoxy group points up then it is β.

Acetylation: carbohydrates acetylated by using acetic anhydride in pyridine.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 24.7, Problem 41CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Formation of products for the Cellobiose, when treated with NaBH₄ in H₂O, Br₂ in water, acetic anhydride in pyridine and methanol in HCl are needed to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Aqueous bromine is a mild oxidizing agent, it oxidizes carbonyl group to carboxylic group. Aldonic acids (carboxylic group) are formed for the aldoses when they are treated with aqueous bromine at pH = 6 .

Glycoside formation: carbohydrates react with an alcohol in acid which produce both anomers acetals are formed, if alkoxy group points down then it is α, alkoxy group points up then it is β.

Acetylation: carbohydrates acetylated by using acetic anhydride in pyridine.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Formation of products for the Cellobiose, when treated with NaBH₄ in H₂O, Br₂ in water, acetic anhydride in pyridine and methanol in HCl are needed to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Aqueous bromine is a mild oxidizing agent, it oxidizes carbonyl group to carboxylic group. Aldonic acids (carboxylic group) are formed for the aldoses when they are treated with aqueous bromine at pH = 6 .

Glycoside formation: carbohydrates react with an alcohol in acid which produce both anomers acetals are formed, if alkoxy group points down then it is α, alkoxy group points up then it is β.

Acetylation: carbohydrates acetylated by using acetic anhydride in pyridine.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Formation of products for the Cellobiose, when treated with NaBH₄ in H₂O, Br₂ in water, acetic anhydride in pyridine and methanol in HCl are needed to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Aqueous bromine is a mild oxidizing agent, it oxidizes carbonyl group to carboxylic group. Aldonic acids (carboxylic group) are formed for the aldoses when they are treated with aqueous bromine at pH = 6 .

Glycoside formation: carbohydrates react with an alcohol in acid which produce both anomers acetals are formed, if alkoxy group points down then it is α, alkoxy group points up then it is β.

Acetylation: carbohydrates acetylated by using acetic anhydride in pyridine.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Formation of products for the Cellobiose, when treated with NaBH₄ in H₂O, Br₂ in water, acetic anhydride in pyridine and methanol in HCl are needed to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Aqueous bromine is a mild oxidizing agent, it oxidizes carbonyl group to carboxylic group. Aldonic acids (carboxylic group) are formed for the aldoses when they are treated with aqueous bromine at pH = 6 .

Glycoside formation: carbohydrates react with an alcohol in acid which produce both anomers acetals are formed, if alkoxy group points down then it is α, alkoxy group points up then it is β.

Acetylation: carbohydrates acetylated by using acetic anhydride in pyridine.

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Answer 5

Chapter 24.7, Problem 41CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Formation of products for the Cellobiose, when treated with NaBH₄ in H₂O, Br₂ in water, acetic anhydride in pyridine and methanol in HCl are needed to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Aqueous bromine is a mild oxidizing agent, it oxidizes carbonyl group to carboxylic group. Aldonic acids (carboxylic group) are formed for the aldoses when they are treated with aqueous bromine at pH = 6 .

Glycoside formation: carbohydrates react with an alcohol in acid which produce both anomers acetals are formed, if alkoxy group points down then it is α, alkoxy group points up then it is β.

Acetylation: carbohydrates acetylated by using acetic anhydride in pyridine.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Formation of products for the Cellobiose, when treated with NaBH₄ in H₂O, Br₂ in water, acetic anhydride in pyridine and methanol in HCl are needed to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Aqueous bromine is a mild oxidizing agent, it oxidizes carbonyl group to carboxylic group. Aldonic acids (carboxylic group) are formed for the aldoses when they are treated with aqueous bromine at pH = 6 .

Glycoside formation: carbohydrates react with an alcohol in acid which produce both anomers acetals are formed, if alkoxy group points down then it is α, alkoxy group points up then it is β.

Acetylation: carbohydrates acetylated by using acetic anhydride in pyridine.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Formation of products for the Cellobiose, when treated with NaBH₄ in H₂O, Br₂ in water, acetic anhydride in pyridine and methanol in HCl are needed to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Aqueous bromine is a mild oxidizing agent, it oxidizes carbonyl group to carboxylic group. Aldonic acids (carboxylic group) are formed for the aldoses when they are treated with aqueous bromine at pH = 6 .

Glycoside formation: carbohydrates react with an alcohol in acid which produce both anomers acetals are formed, if alkoxy group points down then it is α, alkoxy group points up then it is β.

Acetylation: carbohydrates acetylated by using acetic anhydride in pyridine.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Formation of products for the Cellobiose, when treated with NaBH₄ in H₂O, Br₂ in water, acetic anhydride in pyridine and methanol in HCl are needed to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Aqueous bromine is a mild oxidizing agent, it oxidizes carbonyl group to carboxylic group. Aldonic acids (carboxylic group) are formed for the aldoses when they are treated with aqueous bromine at pH = 6 .

Glycoside formation: carbohydrates react with an alcohol in acid which produce both anomers acetals are formed, if alkoxy group points down then it is α, alkoxy group points up then it is β.

Acetylation: carbohydrates acetylated by using acetic anhydride in pyridine.

Answer 6

Chapter 24.7, Problem 41CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Formation of products for the Cellobiose, when treated with NaBH₄ in H₂O, Br₂ in water, acetic anhydride in pyridine and methanol in HCl are needed to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Aqueous bromine is a mild oxidizing agent, it oxidizes carbonyl group to carboxylic group. Aldonic acids (carboxylic group) are formed for the aldoses when they are treated with aqueous bromine at pH = 6 .

Glycoside formation: carbohydrates react with an alcohol in acid which produce both anomers acetals are formed, if alkoxy group points down then it is α, alkoxy group points up then it is β.

Acetylation: carbohydrates acetylated by using acetic anhydride in pyridine.

Answer 7

Chapter 24.7, Problem 41CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Formation of products for the Cellobiose, when treated with NaBH₄ in H₂O, Br₂ in water, acetic anhydride in pyridine and methanol in HCl are needed to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Aqueous bromine is a mild oxidizing agent, it oxidizes carbonyl group to carboxylic group. Aldonic acids (carboxylic group) are formed for the aldoses when they are treated with aqueous bromine at pH = 6 .

Glycoside formation: carbohydrates react with an alcohol in acid which produce both anomers acetals are formed, if alkoxy group points down then it is α, alkoxy group points up then it is β.

Acetylation: carbohydrates acetylated by using acetic anhydride in pyridine.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Formation of products for the Cellobiose, when treated with NaBH₄ in H₂O, Br₂ in water, acetic anhydride in pyridine and methanol in HCl are needed to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Aqueous bromine is a mild oxidizing agent, it oxidizes carbonyl group to carboxylic group. Aldonic acids (carboxylic group) are formed for the aldoses when they are treated with aqueous bromine at pH = 6 .

Glycoside formation: carbohydrates react with an alcohol in acid which produce both anomers acetals are formed, if alkoxy group points down then it is α, alkoxy group points up then it is β.

Acetylation: carbohydrates acetylated by using acetic anhydride in pyridine.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Formation of products for the Cellobiose, when treated with NaBH₄ in H₂O, Br₂ in water, acetic anhydride in pyridine and methanol in HCl are needed to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Aqueous bromine is a mild oxidizing agent, it oxidizes carbonyl group to carboxylic group. Aldonic acids (carboxylic group) are formed for the aldoses when they are treated with aqueous bromine at pH = 6 .

Glycoside formation: carbohydrates react with an alcohol in acid which produce both anomers acetals are formed, if alkoxy group points down then it is α, alkoxy group points up then it is β.

Acetylation: carbohydrates acetylated by using acetic anhydride in pyridine.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Formation of products for the Cellobiose, when treated with NaBH₄ in H₂O, Br₂ in water, acetic anhydride in pyridine and methanol in HCl are needed to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Aqueous bromine is a mild oxidizing agent, it oxidizes carbonyl group to carboxylic group. Aldonic acids (carboxylic group) are formed for the aldoses when they are treated with aqueous bromine at pH = 6 .

Glycoside formation: carbohydrates react with an alcohol in acid which produce both anomers acetals are formed, if alkoxy group points down then it is α, alkoxy group points up then it is β.

Acetylation: carbohydrates acetylated by using acetic anhydride in pyridine.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Formation of products for the Cellobiose, when treated with NaBH₄ in H₂O, Br₂ in water, acetic anhydride in pyridine and methanol in HCl are needed to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Aqueous bromine is a mild oxidizing agent, it oxidizes carbonyl group to carboxylic group. Aldonic acids (carboxylic group) are formed for the aldoses when they are treated with aqueous bromine at pH = 6 .

Glycoside formation: carbohydrates react with an alcohol in acid which produce both anomers acetals are formed, if alkoxy group points down then it is α, alkoxy group points up then it is β.

Acetylation: carbohydrates acetylated by using acetic anhydride in pyridine.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Formation of products for the Cellobiose, when treated with NaBH₄ in H₂O, Br₂ in water, acetic anhydride in pyridine and methanol in HCl are needed to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Aqueous bromine is a mild oxidizing agent, it oxidizes carbonyl group to carboxylic group. Aldonic acids (carboxylic group) are formed for the aldoses when they are treated with aqueous bromine at pH = 6 .

Glycoside formation: carbohydrates react with an alcohol in acid which produce both anomers acetals are formed, if alkoxy group points down then it is α, alkoxy group points up then it is β.

Acetylation: carbohydrates acetylated by using acetic anhydride in pyridine.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Formation of products for the Cellobiose, when treated with NaBH₄ in H₂O, Br₂ in water, acetic anhydride in pyridine and methanol in HCl are needed to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Reduction: Aldehydes or ketones undergoing reduction by using reducing agent like NaBH₄ which provides alcohol.

Aqueous bromine is a mild oxidizing agent, it oxidizes carbonyl group to carboxylic group. Aldonic acids (carboxylic group) are formed for the aldoses when they are treated with aqueous bromine at pH = 6 .

Glycoside formation: carbohydrates react with an alcohol in acid which produce both anomers acetals are formed, if alkoxy group points down then it is α, alkoxy group points up then it is β.

Acetylation: carbohydrates acetylated by using acetic anhydride in pyridine.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 1CC Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 2CC Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 3CC Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 4CC Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 5CC Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 6CC Ch. 24.4 - Prob. 7CC Ch. 24.4 - Prob. 8CC Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 1LTS Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 9PTS

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Chapter 24 Solutions