CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS-W/MASTR.BIO.
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134875040
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 24.3, Problem 1CC
Although rare on a per gene basis, new mutations can add considerable
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Various strains of bacteria are able to transfer genes to eukaryotic hosts. This process of horizontal gene transfer often results in the formation of enzymes in the host organism that assist in metabolic pathways.
Which of the following is the most likely explanation for why bacterial genes are able to successfully transfer genes that produce enzymes in eukaryotic cells?
A - Bacteria and Eukarya have similar mechanisms for the formation and use of enzymes in metabolic processes.
B - Bacteria and Eukarya use the same enzymes in all of their metabolic processes so the genes are interchangeable.
C - Bacteria and Eukarya share similar reproductive mechanisms so the cells reproduce without recognizing foreign DNA.
D - Bacteria and Eukarya have the same mechanism for replicating DNA so genes can easily be transferred between the two types of cells.
In eukaryotes, sexual reproduction is the main process by which new gene combinations are generated. How do bacteria generate new gene combinations in the absence of sexual reproduction?
In prokaryotic cells with the largest genomes, which genecategory contains the largest percentage of genes?
Chapter 24 Solutions
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS-W/MASTR.BIO.
Ch. 24.1 - What hypothesis did Miller test in his classic...Ch. 24.1 - How would the appearance of protocells have...Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 24.1 - Prob. 4CCCh. 24.2 - Contrast the cellular and DNA structures of...Ch. 24.2 - Distinguish between the four major modes of...Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 24.2 - Prob. 4CCCh. 24.3 - Although rare on a per gene basis, new mutations...Ch. 24.3 - Distinguish between the three mechanisms by which...
Ch. 24.3 - In a rapidly changing environment, which bacterial...Ch. 24.3 - WHAT IF? If a nonpathogenic bacterium were to...Ch. 24.4 - Explain how molecular systematics and metagenomics...Ch. 24.4 - WHAT IF? What would the discovery of a bacterial...Ch. 24.5 - Explain how prokaryotes, though small, can be...Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 24.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 24.5 - Prob. 4CCCh. 24 - Which of the following steps has not yet been...Ch. 24 - Fossilized stromatolites A. more than 2.8 billion...Ch. 24 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 24 - Photoautotrophs use A. light as an energy source...Ch. 24 - Which of the following statements is not true? A....Ch. 24 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 24 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 24 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY INTERPRET THE DATA The...Ch. 24 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION In patients infected with...Ch. 24 - FOCUS ON ENERGY AND MATTER In a short essay (about...Ch. 24 - Prob. 11TYU
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- When an Avidian (with a genome size of 50 sites) reproduces with a 10% per site mutation rate, and if the number of mutations per genome is Poisson distributed, then what is the most likely outcome? Possible answers: 4 per genome is most likely, 5 per genome is most likely, 4 mutations per genome and 5 mutations per genome are equally likely, A number other than 4 and/or 5 mutations per genome is most likelyarrow_forwardFor bacteria living in a rapidly changing environment, would a population of bacteria capable of conjugation be more successful than one that could not undergo conjugation? Explain why. Include in your answer a description of the process of conjugation and its advantages over other mechanisms of DNA transfer between prokaryotic organisms.arrow_forwardWhich of the following correctly lists mutation types in order from least likely to affect an organisms phenotype to most likely to affect its phenotype 1.) nonsense mutation; missense mutation; point substitution in an intron; chromosomal duplication 2.) point substitution in an intron; missense mutation; framshift mutation; chromosomal duplication 3.) point substitution in an intron; frameshift mutation; missense mutation; chromosomal duplication 4.) missense mutation; frameshift mutation; point substitution in an intron; chromosomal duplicationarrow_forward
- In metagenomic studies, a comparison of ribosomal RNA sequences is often used to determine the number of different species present. What are some characteristics of ribosomal sequences that make them useful for determining what species are present?arrow_forwardWhat is horizontal gene transfer and how can this process potentially change how we view relatedness among the three Domains? Provide an example of a species with characteristics that results from horizontal gene transfer.arrow_forward5) Which mutation would NOT cause a change in an organism's phenotype? A) TAT becomes TGT B) TAT becomes TAC C) TAT becomes TAA D) Any change in the DNA sequence results in a change in an organism's phenotype Not Gradedarrow_forward
- See the hypothetical pathway answer the following questions. A) If an individual is homozygous for a null mutation in the gene that codes for Enz1, what would the result be? B) What would happen if an individual is heterozygous for a mutation that abolishes the activity of Enz2? C) What could happen to the offspring of the individuals described above (in a and b)? Assume that they only have the mutations described.arrow_forwardDefine, diagram & compare the 3 mechanisms of Horizontal Gene Transfer in prokaryotes. In each case, what must happen for the exchanged DNA to be stably inherited?arrow_forwardThe use of nucleotide sequence data to measure genetic variability is complicated by the fact that the genes of higher eukaryotes are complex in organization and contain 5′ and 3′ flanking regions as well as introns. Researchers have compared the nucleotide sequence of two cloned alleles of the g-globin gene from a single individual and found a variation of 1 percent. Those differences include 13 substitutions of one nucleotide for another and 3 short DNA segments that have been inserted in one allele or deleted in the other. None of the changes takes place in the gene’s exons (coding regions). Why do you think this is so, and should it change our concept of genetic variation?arrow_forward
- Why are some eukaryotic genomes so large?arrow_forwardA strain of Neisseria gonorrheae has recently acquired the ability to be resistant to the antibiotic penicillin. Evidence indicates that this is not a new mutation but rather a gene received from another bacterium. After the new genetic information recombines with the genome, how would gonorrheae use the DNA to resist the action of penicillin? The gene would be transcribed into RNA and then translated into protein. The gene would translated into protein and then transcribed into RNA. The gene would be recognized as a mutation and repaired. The gene would be released from the N. gonorrheae as naked DNA.arrow_forwardA principle of biology is the genetic material provides ablueprint for reproduction. Explain how gene regulation is animportant mechanism for reproduction and sustaining life.arrow_forward
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