Campbell Biology in Focus; Modified Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- ValuePack Access Card -- for Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134433776
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 24, Problem 9TYU
FOCUS ON EVOLUTION
In patients infected with nonresistant strains of the tuberculosis bacterium, antibiotics can relieve symptoms in a few weeks. However, it takes much longer to halt the infection, and patients may discontinue treatment while bacteria are still present. How might this result in the evolution of drug-resistant pathogens?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Acquisition of antibiotic resistance is driven by bacterial exposure to antimicrobial agents (including antibiotics). This is a good example of natural selection; only the most fit (i.e., those with mutations conferring resistance, survive to reproduce and fill the niche with resistance organisms). Discuss two methods to prevent antimicrobial resistance within your community, but NOT a healthcare setting.
Evolutionary changes of antibiotic resistant bacteria increase the ability of a species to survive and reproduce under any circumstances (True or false) give explaination for answer?
As humanity advances, many improvements have been made with the medical field. We now have the ability to:
• Help correct bad vision (Glasses, contact lenses, laser surgery).
• Allow diabetics a second chance (insulin shots).
• Increase the life of cancer patients. (Chemo)
• Correct bad teeth (orthodontic braces)
• And much more.
What is to be noted is that these diseases are genetic and long ago were enough to kill people with them (A near-sighted
person would not be able to see dangers in front of them.) These people would not live long enough to
pass on their genes. BUT now, genetic diseases like vison problems and diabetes are being passed on because their
victims remain alive because of our medical advances.
QUESTION: Are we interfering with our own evolution as a
species?
• If yes, why should we let these diseased people stay alive?
What can they contribute to our evolution?
• If no, has our evolution focused on a different selection
pressure? What trait are we further evolving…
Chapter 24 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus; Modified Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- ValuePack Access Card -- for Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Ch. 24.1 - What hypothesis did Miller test in his classic...Ch. 24.1 - How would the appearance of protocells have...Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 24.1 - Prob. 4CCCh. 24.2 - Contrast the cellular and DNA structures of...Ch. 24.2 - Distinguish between the four major modes of...Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 24.2 - Prob. 4CCCh. 24.3 - Although rare on a per gene basis, new mutations...Ch. 24.3 - Distinguish between the three mechanisms by which...
Ch. 24.3 - In a rapidly changing environment, which bacterial...Ch. 24.3 - WHAT IF? If a nonpathogenic bacterium were to...Ch. 24.4 - Explain how molecular systematics and metagenomics...Ch. 24.4 - WHAT IF? What would the discovery of a bacterial...Ch. 24.5 - Explain how prokaryotes, though small, can be...Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 24.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 24.5 - Prob. 4CCCh. 24 - Which of the following steps has not yet been...Ch. 24 - Fossilized stromatolites A. more than 2.8 billion...Ch. 24 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 24 - Photoautotrophs use A. light as an energy source...Ch. 24 - Which of the following statements is not true? A....Ch. 24 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 24 - Plantlike photosynthesis that releases O2 occurs...Ch. 24 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY INTERPRET THE DATA The...Ch. 24 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION In patients infected with...Ch. 24 - FOCUS ON ENERGY AND MATTER In a short essay (about...Ch. 24 - Prob. 11TYU
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
A student moving out of a dormitory crouches in correct fashion to lift a heavy box of books. What prime movers...
HUMAN ANATOMY
Gregor Mendel never saw a gene, yet he concluded that some inherited factors were responsible for the patterns ...
Campbell Essential Biology (6th Edition) - standalone book
Why is it unlikely that two neighboring water molecules would be arranged like this?
Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
True or false? Some trails are considered vestigial because they existed long ago.
Biological Science
Consider the experiment described in Section 2.1 in which Ted Garland and colleagues bred mice to run long dist...
Evolutionary Analysis (5th Edition)
Police Captain Jeffers has suffered a myocardial infarction. a. Explain to his (nonmedically oriented) family w...
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Hi this is an intro paragraph for my short essay on antibiotic resistance connecting to natural selection and microbiology. please add or correct anything it needs!arrow_forwardWhy does the Ebola virus generate such severe symptoms in a human host? (Hint: What is the evolutionary explanation for why Ebola kills humans so quickly? I'm not asking "how" it kills its human host so quickly; I am asking "why" it kills its human host so quickly.)arrow_forwardBASED ON THIS TEXT: Identify the biological process by which the malaria carrying mosquitoes (Anopheles coluzzi or Anopheles gambiae) developed insecticide resistance.arrow_forward
- "Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, some argued that comparable numbers of people caught bad strains of the influenza virus (causing the viral flu); thus, by extension, the restrictions imposed on society for COVID-19 were unduly burdensome. Based on our discussion in class, which arguments could be made to refute this argument. " "While an average of 31 million people catch the viral flu each year in the US (compared to 16 million COVID-19 cases so far), the mortality rate from the flu seems to be perhaps 8 to 24 times lower than for COVID-19." "Fewer people have caught COVID-19 than catch the viral flu in a given year, but the comparison is not entirely fair since we are not restricting social gatherings or wearing masks during viral flu seasons. A fair comparison would be what would have happened with COVID-19 infections if normal year practices were carried out. " More than twice the number of people in the US have caught COVID-19 than catch the flu virus in a…arrow_forwardIndicate whether each statement is true or false, and justify your answer.The US government has harnessed the power of induced innovation to create cures for orphan diseases.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements accurately describes what we learned about HIV evolution? a. HIV is more deadly in Northern Europe, but more transmissible in Africa. That is why there are more individuals infected with the illness in Africa. b. HIV shares a most recently common ancestor with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) such that SIV evolved as it host-switched from chimpanzees and gorillas into humans multiple times. c. Drug development is exceedingly difficult because there are very few drug targets for HIV and AZT (a reverse transcriptase inhibitor) alone is the single most effective treatment for HIV. d. Evolution of HIV virions within a person is quite slow such that a blood draw after 1 year of infection would reveal that every single virion would have the exact same sequence.arrow_forward
- According to Lynn Margulis's theory of endosymbiosis, bacteria entered large cells either as parasites or as undigested prey as illustrated. All the following are proof that mitochondria and chloroplast evolved from bacteria, except: Endosymbiosis in a nutshell: 1. Start with two 2. One bacterium engulfs the other. 3. One bacterium now lives inside the other. independent bacteria. 4. Both bacteria benefit from the arrangement. 5. The internal bacteria are passed on from generation to generation. O a they each have a double membrane they have chromosomes similar in shape to their host they are the size of bacteria their DNA is different from its hostarrow_forwardExplain how antibiotic resistance relates to evolutionarrow_forwardThe media has recently reported that a high number of patients while staying in the hospital, are gettinginfections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Using evolutionary theory, explain how this could occur.arrow_forward
- It’s late summer and a new influenza virus strain has appeared in chickens across the country.It’s an H1N1 strain of Influenza A, like the Spanish flu that caused one of the deadliest pandemics in humanhistory, back in 1918. In that case too it started as an avian flu that mutated and jumped directly from birdsto humans.You are a researcher at the NIH and the President gives you 24 hours to predict the chances that this couldturn into the next “Spanish flu”. They also ask you to present a plan for a vaccine that will specifically targetthis new strain.The full sequence of the Spanish flu virus is available and is also known which mutations where key toconfer it both high infectivity and high virulence. Also the frequency of mutations of this family of viruses isknown.Samples of the new strain currently infecting chickens are also available to you.You are at the NIH laboratories in Bethesda, MD, and you have infinite resources (equipment and staff) atyour disposal.Remember: Influenza…arrow_forwardWolbachia is a genus of bacteria that infect cells of invertebrates. Surveys have found that up to a fifth of insect species have at least some individuals infected with Wolbachia. Pathogen or parasite? This endosymbiont (a symbiont that lives inside its host) bacteria can have many effects on its host, including killing offspring and changing the sex of offspring. Ary Hoffmann from the University of Melbourne in Australia, Michael Turelli from the University of California at Davis, and their associates have been studying Wolbachia infections in populations of Drosophila simulans from California. From the initial infection around 1980, Wolbachia infection spread northward across the state during the 1980s and 1990s. The most striking manifestation of infection in this fly species is cytoplasmic incompatibility: offspring produced in crosses where males are infected and the females are uninfected tend to die early in development. In crosses between infected males and infected females,…arrow_forwardBacteria are better than elephants for experimental studies of evolution because: A) Bacteria evolve, but elephants do not B) We know much less about elephants than we do about bacteria, so it is harder to design experiments to study their evolution. C) Bacteria have much shorter life cycles than elephants, so we can study their evolution over thousands of generations during the lifetime of a single dons during the meattle of usands single scientist. scentist D) Bacteria are much lower on the tree of life than are elephants OE) Elephants have much less genetic variation than bacteriaarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi...BiologyISBN:9781305117396Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi...
Biology
ISBN:9781305117396
Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781337392938
Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Endosymbiotic Theory; Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FGnS-Xk0ZqU;License: Standard Youtube License